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What Yang Wengzi, who was preparing to ambush the Huns in Cloud City, did not know was that the Huns' tactics of pretending to be a grain transport team to open the city gate were just the precedent of this Qin-Hun all-out war. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 infoPlease search for the most complete! The fastest updated novel

The Xiongnu have now almost become the biggest enemy of the northern frontier of the Great Qin Empire, and in the past few years, the Xiongnu have defeated the Yueshi people, the Qiang people and the Donghu people, and have become a hegemon in the vast desert steppe.

If it weren't for Zhang Jiashi's order last year that the commander of the Great Qin Empire army led by Su Jiao, the then commander of Liaoning County, led the army to support the Donghu people, the current Donghu people are likely to become vassals of the Huns, or even become a historical term.

After all, after Zhang Jiashi was ordered to go to Liaodong, Zhang Jiashi immediately broke out a bloody battle with the Donghu people who went south again.

In this bloody battle, although the soldiers of the Qin army under the command of Zhang Jiashi also paid a certain price, there is no doubt that the pressure formed by the Donghu people on the surrounding ethnic groups led by the Xiongnu and even the Great Qin Empire in the grassland area finally disappeared with the heavy losses of the main force of the Donghu people.

Although the current Donghu people were rescued by the Qin Empire with an attitude of ignoring their previous suspicions. But whether it is Zhang Jiashi, Su Jiao and others, they all know one thing very well, that is, the Donghu people, who are now half-dead, want to cooperate with the Great Qin Empire to carry out a large-scale offensive against the Huns, it is already impossible.

It can even be said that if the Xiongnu Zuoxianwang tribe once again mobilizes a large army to attack the remaining controlled areas of the Donghu people, and the Great Qin Empire is unable to save it due to some factors, then what awaits the Donghu people will be a complete disaster.

From this point of view, the Xiongnu have become similar to what Zhang Jiashi knew, just like the border pressure brought by the later Turks and Mongols to the Han dynasty.

It can even be said that the Huns in this period were even more powerful than the Mongols in the Ming Dynasty.

...................................................... Dividing Line................................................

Later generations have some historical records of the Huns:

At that time, the Xiongnu were active in the great northwest of China and Central Asia. Their combat effectiveness and mobility are very high, whether it is mounted archery or hand-to-hand combat, so that they often have a military advantage, especially when fighting against some highly civilized peoples; later, after the Xiongnu were repeatedly defeated in the Eastern Han Dynasty, a branch of the Xiongnu, the Northern Xiongnu, began to move westward.

Touman was the founder of the Xiongnu Kingdom, and it was he who condensed the divided people into a strong group, and established them as the three heroes on the Mongolian Plateau with the Donghu clan in the east and the Yue clan in the west. Just when he completed the royal business and was planning to expand, he encountered the most powerful emperor in the world at that time, Qin Shi Huang. Qin Shi Huang sent the general Meng Tian to lead the invincible Qin army of 300,000 to defeat Touman and his newly established kingdom. Later, on the border between the two countries, Qin Shi Huang built a series of fortifications, the most famous of which was the Great Wall, which would later become the eighth wonder of the world. The depressed Touman, who was originally ambitious and intended to compete with the Qin Dynasty, had to give up his lofty ideals, leave the land of his ancestors, and migrate north.

It was around this time that Tou Mandanyu began to raise his son. He sent his eldest son Mao Dun to the more civilized Yueshi at that time, on the one hand, as a hostage, to express his friendship to the Yueshi, on the other hand, he hoped that the future **** would be able to understand the enemies of the country, grasp their weaknesses, and learn their strengths. The Ming Di (ringing arrow) that Maudun later used to train cavalry probably learned it from the Yueshi people. However, this act of kindness, because of an accidental incident, turned into an irreparable tragedy, and finally buried the life of Tou Mandanyu. Here's what happened: At that time, there was a quarrel between the Yue clan and the Xiongnu, and finally a war broke out. Later, although he fled to the Huns, he was rewarded by his father and became the leader of 10,000 cavalry. However, Touman's growing affection for his youngest son (an elderly father often dotes on his younger son, not to mention the only son who has stayed by his side for many years), coupled with his previous adventures in Yue's family, made Mao Dun hate his father. This hatred made Maudun begin to cultivate his only force, 10,000 cavalry.

Now it seems that Maudun's improvement of the Hun cavalry is just a simple unified order. When Maudun's chirping hammer was fired at a target, all the cavalry had to follow it or be put to death. At first, the goal is to take on his favorite horse, then his favorite wife, and finally his father's mount. After such brutal training, the 10,000 cavalry became Maudun's private army, and no longer obeyed the orders of others.

It is not so much that Maudun adopted the advanced weapon of the Yue Clan, Naru, but that he conquered them with his own cruelty.

After that, it was the killing of the father. Tou Mandan died, at the hands of his own son, which was perhaps his greatest tragedy. To some extent, Tou Mandanyu's life was successful and brilliant. He had the great ideal of dominating the world and fought for it. He was the first to unify the Xiongnu nation and establish a kingdom. Although he failed in the process of fighting Qin for hegemony, it was not his fault. At that time, the Xiongnu Kingdom was still very young, but the Qin Dynasty had a hundred years of life and development, so he naturally could not win. Although he lost part of his land, he later regained it. More importantly, he left the Xiongnu with an even greater leader, Maudun.

From the above record, it can be seen that although the Xiongnu suffered a heavy defeat in the Battle of Yinshan in Hetao, there is no doubt that with the efforts of Touman Danyu, the Xiongnu gradually had a solid and strong foundation.

And this foundation was further developed in the two rather famous historical actions that followed by Maudun.

......

Mao Dun became Shan Yuhou, at this time Donghu was strong and prosperous, and heard that Mao Dun killed his father and stood on his own, and decided to salute first and then soldier, so he sent a messenger to Mao Dun and said that he wanted to get Touman's Maxima. Mao Dun asked the ministers, and the ministers all said: "Maxima is the BMW of the Huns, don't give it." Maudun said, "How can you be a neighbor of the same family and spare a horse?" So he gave the horse to Donghu. After a while, Donghu thought that Mao Dun was afraid of him, so he sent a messenger to Mao Dun and said that he wanted a Yan clan from Shan Yu. Mao Dun asked the ministers on the left and right, and the ministers on the left and right were angry and said: "Donghu has no reason, he actually wants the Yan clan, please send troops to attack him." Mao Dun said, "How can you be a stinger woman for the sake of the country?" So he gave his favorite Yan to Donghu.

The king of Donghu became more and more proud, and invaded westward. There is a vacant land between Donghu and the Xiongnu, which is uninhabited, and this place is more than a thousand li, and both sides have built outposts on both sides of this vacant land.

Donghu sent an envoy to Mao Dun and said: "You Xiongnu cannot go to the open space outside the outpost where the Xiongnu and us meet, and we want to occupy it." ”

Maudun asked for the opinion of the ministers, and some of the ministers said: "This is an open space that has been discarded, it is okay to give it to them, and it is okay not to give it to them." Then he was furious and said, "The land is the foundation of the state, how can you give it to them?"

So Mao Dun killed those who said that he had given Donghu the vacant land. He immediately mounted his horse and ordered the latter to be killed if there was anything in the country, so he led his army to attack Donghu in the east.

Donghu initially despised the Xiongnu, so he did not take precautions. When the Maodun led the troops arrived, Donghu was defeated as soon as the war began, and the king of Donghu was also eliminated, and the Xiongnu captured and plundered the people and livestock property of Donghu.

After that, Mao Dun took advantage of the victory and sent troops, expelled the Yue clan to the west, annexed Lou Fu and other tribes to the south, and also recovered the Xiongnu territory seized by Meng Tian of the Qin State, occupied part of the northern part of the Qin Dynasty, after a series of major expeditions, all the northern tribes surrendered to the Xiongnu, so far, Mao Dun dominates the north and south of the desert, directly threatening the Central Plains. Unified the current Mongolian steppe and established the powerful Xiongnu Empire. The territory of the Xiongnu Empire was very vast, reaching as far east as the Liao River Valley, as far west as the Green Mountains (now the Pamir Plateau), as far south as the Great Wall of Qin, and as far north as the Baikal area. It was also the most powerful period in the history of the Xiongnu Empire.

At this time, the Han army was fighting against Xiang Yu's army, and the Central Plains region was exhausted by the war, so Mao Dun could be strong alone, with more than 300,000 troops who could draw bows and shoot arrows.

Later, Maudun conquered the northern kingdoms of Hun Geng, Qu She, Ding Ling, Qi Kun, and Xin Li. So the nobles and ministers of the Xiongnu were convinced by Mao Dun, thinking that Mao Dunshan was a virtuous person.

At this time, Liu Bang had just pacified the Central Plains, reassigned Han Wangxin to Daidi, and built the capital of Mayicheng. In 201 BC (the sixth year of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty), the Xiongnu attacked Mayi on a large scale, and Han Wangxin surrendered to the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu got Han Xin, so they led their troops south across the Juzhu Mountain and attacked Taiyuan until the city of Jinyang.

In 200 BC (the seventh year of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty), Liu Bang personally led his troops to meet the Xiongnu, and it was in the cold and snowy weather of winter, and the soldiers froze their fingers two or three tenths, so Mao Dun pretended to fail and escaped, luring the Han army. The Han army pursued Maudun, who hid his elite army, leaving only a few old and weak remnants. So the Han Dynasty dispatched all its troops, mostly infantry, with a total of 320,000 men, to the north to pursue the Xiongnu. When Liu Bang arrived in Pingcheng, the infantry of the Han Dynasty had not yet arrived, and Mao Dun commanded his 400,000 elite cavalry to surround Liu Bang at Baishan Mountain. For seven days, the Han army could not help each other with military rations inside and outside. The cavalry of the Xiongnu were all white horses in the west, green horses in the east, black horses in the north, and red horses in the south.

At Chen Ping's suggestion, Liu Bang sent an envoy to secretly give many gifts to the Yan clan, and the Yan clan said to Mao Dun: "The kings of the two sides cannot besiege each other. If he got the land of the Han Dynasty, Shan Yu would not be able to live there after all. Moreover, the king of Han also had the help of God, and hoped that Shan Yu would seriously consider this matter. Mao Dun and Han Wang Xin's generals Wang Huang and Zhao Li agreed on a date for the meeting, but Wang Huang and Zhao Li's army did not arrive on time, and Mao Dun suspected that they had a premeditated plan with the Han army, so he adopted the suggestion of the Yan clan and lifted a corner of the encirclement. So Liu Bang ordered the soldiers to draw their bows, wind their arrows, face outward, and rush out of the passage where Maudun had relieved the siege, and finally meet with the Han army. Mao Dun then led the troops away, and Liu Bang also led the troops back and sent Liu Jing to the Xiongnu to conclude a peace alliance.

After that, Han Wangxin became the general of the Xiongnu, and he repeatedly violated the alliance between the Han and the Xiongnu with Zhao Li and Wang Huang, and invaded and plundered Dai County and Yunzhong County. Not long after, the Han Dynasty general Chen Feng rebelled and conspired with Han Xin to attack Daidi. The Han Dynasty sent Fan Hao to defend against them, recapturing Daijun, Yanmen, and Yunzhong counties, but did not cross the border fortress. At this time, because some generals of the Han Dynasty came to surrender, Maodun often traveled back and forth to Daidi to carry out invasion and looting activities.

So the Han Dynasty was worried about this, and Liu Bang sent Liu Jing to send the princess of the Han Dynasty royal family to Shan Yu Dang's clan, and gave a certain amount of cotton wool, silk, wine, rice and food to the Xiongnu every year. Later, Lu Xuan, the king of Yan, rebelled and led thousands of his followers to surrender to the Xiongnu, traveling east of Shanggu, causing suffering to the locals.

In 195 BC (the twelfth year of the Han Dynasty), Liu Bang died, and Mao Dun wrote to Empress Lü and said: "I am a lonely and lonely monarch, born in the swamp and grew up in the grassland, I have come to the border many times, hoping to visit the Central Plains." Your Majesty is independent as a king, but also lonely and lonely, living alone, our two widowed monarchs are very unhappy, there is no way to entertain ourselves, it is better for us to exchange what we have for what we have. After reading the letter, Empress Lü felt that he had been greatly provoked and insulted, and was ready to kill the Xiongnu envoy and send troops to recruit the Xiongnu. At this time, the subordinate Ji Bu dissuaded him, saying that the Xiongnu were like beasts, and they were not worthy of anger over their words. Empress Lu calmly replied to Mao Dun with a letter: "Shan Yu has not forgotten our country, and also rewarded us with letters, we are sincerely afraid, I am old and weak, my hair and teeth have fallen out, and I am not stable in walking, it is not worth Shan Yu to deign and defile himself for me, my country has not done anything wrong, please forgive Shan Yu." Then he continued to give tribute to Maudun carts, horses, etc.

After reading the letter, Mao Dun thought that Empress Lu was an unusual person, so he reined in, gave a gift back, and officially agreed to make peace. After Empress Lü's death, Mao Dun continued to send troops to harass the Han Dynasty many times.

When Liu Heng had just succeeded to the throne, he promoted the matter of harmony. In May 177 BC (the third year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty), King Youxian of the Xiongnu entered Henan to live, harassed and plundered the barbarians in the small cities of Biansai, and slaughtered and plundered the people. So Emperor Xiaowen ordered the prime minister to send 85,000 chariots and cavalry to Gaonu to attack King Youxian. The right virtuous king fled to the outside of the fortress. Liu Heng personally went to Taiyuan, at this time Liu Xingju, the king of Jibei, rebelled, and Liu Heng returned to the capital and disbanded the army sent by the prime minister to attack the Xiongnu.

In 176 BC (the fourth year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty), Mao Dun sent a letter to the Han Dynasty, saying:

"The Xiongnu Dadan set up by God respectfully asked the emperor for safety, some time ago, the emperor said that the matter of harmony, and the meaning of the letter coincided, and both sides were happy. The officials on the border of the Han Dynasty harassed and insulted King Youxian, who did not ask for instructions, but listened to the strategy of Houyi Lu Hou Nanshi and others, resisted the officials of the Han Dynasty, and broke off the treaty concluded between the Xiongnu and the Han Emperor, and separated the fraternal and intimate relationship between the Han and the Xiongnu. The emperor's letter reproaching the Xiongnu was sent for the second time, and we sent an envoy to report the situation, but the envoy was detained by the Han Dynasty and did not return, and the Han Dynasty's envoy did not come to the Xiongnu, and the Han Dynasty did not reconcile with us for this reason, and our neighbors could not be attached. Now, because the petty officials have broken the peace treaty, I have punished the king of Youxian and sent him to the west to find the Yueshi to fight them. Relying on the blessing of heaven, the officials and soldiers were very well-made, and the war horses were strong and powerful, so they had suppressed the Yueshi, killed all the rebels, and subdued the common people. Pacified Loulan, Wusun, Hujie and the twenty-six countries next to them, all of which became subjects of the Xiongnu. Those who are good at bending bows and archery, merge into one family. The north has been settled, and we are willing to cease fighting, train soldiers, feed horses, eliminate the unpleasant things of the past, and restore the old treaties, so that the people in the frontier can be at peace, conform to the good relations between the Xiongnu and the Han people since ancient times, so that the young people can grow up, and the old people can live in peace, and the generations can live in peace and happiness. We still don't know the emperor's intentions, so we sent Lang Zhong to send a letter to the emperor, and presented a camel, two war horses, and eight driving horses. If the emperor did not want the Xiongnu to be close to the Han Dynasty's border fortress, then I would edict the officials and people to live far away from the Han Dynasty's border fortress. When the messenger arrives, please let him return immediately. ”

In the middle of June, the Xiongnu envoys came to the place.

After the letter was delivered, the Han Dynasty discussed the two policies of attack and peace and proximity, which would be more beneficial. The ministers all said: "Shan Yu has just defeated the Yue clan, and he is in a favorable opportunity for victory, so he cannot attack him, and the land obtained by the Xiongnu is low-lying saline-alkali land and cannot be inhabited." It is especially advantageous to be close to each other. The Han Dynasty agreed to the Xiongnu's request.

In 174 B.C. (the sixth year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty), the Han Dynasty sent a letter to the Xiongnu saying: "The emperor asked the Xiongnu Dashan Yu Ping'an, and the letter sent to me by Langzhong said: 'King Youxian did not ask Shan Yu, but listened to the strategy of Houyi Lu Hou Nanshi and others, broke the peace treaty between the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty, and separated the brotherly intimacy, so the Han Dynasty refused to reconcile with us, and the neighboring countries could not be attached. Now, because the petty officials broke the peace treaty, they punished the right king and asked him to go to the west to attack the Yue clan, completely pacifying them. They are willing to armistice and raise their soldiers, feed their horses, eliminate the unpleasant things of the past, and restore the old peace treaty, so that the frontier people may be at peace, so that the young people can grow up, and the old people can live in peace and happiness for all generations. I appreciate this idea, this is the intention of the ancient Sage Ming Monarch. The Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu concluded a peace treaty and became brothers, and the things they gave to the Xiongnu were very rich. It was often the Xiongnu who violated the peace treaty and separated the fraternal intimacy. However, the matter of the Right Virtuous King has already appeared before the amnesty, so Shan Yu should not be deeply responsible for this matter. If Shan Yu's actions are consistent with what he said in the letter, and if he clearly informs the officials not to break the peace treaty and to keep their word, I will prudently follow Shan Yu's request in the letter. The envoy said that he had meritorious service in personally leading an army against other countries, but he was very distressed by the war. Now there are embroidered robes, embroidered robes, brocade robes worn by the emperor, one more than one, a gold decorated belt, a gold belt hook, ten embroidered silk, thirty brocade, forty red silk and green silk each, sent the doctor to the will, the confessor to give a single gift. ”

Soon after, Mao Dun died, and his son Ji Congee became the king, called Lao Shangshan Yu.

From the above records, it can be seen that the Xiongnu successively defeated the Donghu and Han Empires, and became a powerful force in Northeast Asia at that time, and the Han Empire during this period, because of its weakness and the defeat of the Battle of Baideng, finally chose a rather humiliating and ineffective peace policy to envelop the Huns.

However, what even Mao Dun and later Lao Shangdan Yu did not expect was that the Han Empire did not choose a permanent show of weakness, but a temporary compromise.

Under the vigorous rule of the successive Han monarchs, it finally gained the strength and foundation to counterattack the Xiongnu.

The Battle of Mayi was the clearest beginning. (To be continued.) )

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