readx;

In fact, Zhang Jiashi didn't quite understand why Ma Yi's conspiracy had happened. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

Because it seems that Ma Yi's plan was due to the rebellion of a certain pavilion lieutenant, and the arrangement of the Han army was secretly reported to the Xiongnu's military ministers, and finally failed.

But this point in itself is very questionable.

The first point is that a pavilion lieutenant may know part of the Han army's movements, but due to his humble status, it is impossible to know the Han army's military movements around Mayi City.

If a pavilion lieutenant knew this clearly, then there was no doubt that the secrecy of the Han army's corresponding actions was truly speechless.

And is it possible that the military minister deduced from Tingwei's description of some of the information he knew that the Han army might have carried out large-scale mobilization to deal with him, which is not impossible, but the Han army has been mobilizing troops in previous border conflicts and even defensive operations with the Xiongnu. No matter how careful the military minister is, he may not be able to think of this.

Moreover, most of the forces mobilized by the Han army came from the south, while the military ministers came from the north, so it was very unlikely that Tingwei would eventually lead to defeat by telling the truth.

The second point: From the speculation of one point, it can be seen that the failure of this military operation should not be too directly related to a small pavilion lieutenant recorded in the history books.

In other words, this little pavilion lieutenant who probably didn't know the situation, he got the news that the Huns had listened to carefully.

Let's not talk about whether this little pavilion lieutenant is also a Xiongnu meticulous work, but there is no doubt that the Huns were obviously able to know the real purpose of the Han army's mobilization before the military ministers entered the trap.

That is to say, the Han army or the high-level officials of the Han Dynasty who knew about it were very likely to leak secrets.

......

In 134 BC (the first year of Yuanguang), the Xiongnu sent envoys to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to ask for peace, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered his ministers to discuss countermeasures.

Wang Hui, who ordered the official residence, advised Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to refuse to make peace, saying: "In the past, the imperial court made peace with the Xiongnu, and the Xiongnu always did not abide by the alliance and violated the border, so we should send troops to attack them." ”

The imperial historian Han Anguo persuaded Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to accept peace on the grounds that the Xiongnu soldiers were strong and strong, and most of the ministers agreed with Han Anguo's views. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty finally adopted Han Anguo's suggestion and made peace with the Xiongnu.

In 133 BC (the second year of Yuanguang), Nie Yi, a big merchant in Mayi, came to Wang Hui and said: "The Xiongnu often invade the border, which is always a bane. Now take advantage of the opportunity to make peace with them and bring in the Huns, and we will be able to win a big battle with an ambush. Wang Hui asked him: "Do you have any way to bring in the Xiongnu?" Nie Yi said: "I often do business on the border, and the Huns know me. I can pretend to offer Ma Yi to Shan Yu under the pretense of buying and selling. If you covet the goods of Mayi, you will definitely come. We ambushed the army in a nearby place, and as soon as Shan Yu arrived at Mayi, the general could cut off their rear route and capture Shan Yu alive. ”

Wang Hui told Nie Yi's idea to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Emperor Wu ordered his ministers to discuss. Han Anguo, the imperial historian, opposed this suggestion, he believed that the heroic martial arts and sage of Gaozu Liu Bang had been besieged by the Huns in Pingcheng for seven days, not to mention that the soldiers and horses moved, the world was in turmoil, and the outcome was unpredictable, so it was not possible to send troops rashly. Wang Hui was a Yan man, who had been an official in the border county for a long time, and was familiar with the situation of the Xiongnu, and in the course of his deliberations, he made a statement to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: "In the early years of the Warring States Period, although the Daiguo was small, there was the invasion of Qianghu in the north, and the threat of the Central Plains in the south, the monarchs and ministers were still able to share the same hatred and hatred of the enemy, and bravely resisted foreign invasion; although the Xiongnu were strong, they did not dare to easily invade the Daiguo. Now the Han Dynasty is strong, the sea is unified, and His Majesty is famous, but the Huns have not stopped invading, and every time they make peace with the Han, they will violate the agreement in just a few years, precisely because they have not resolutely resisted!

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty finally adopted Wang Hui's suggestion and prepared to design an ambush for the Xiongnu.

The above content is a record before the official launch of the Ma Yi Scheme.

And there is one thing that is very interesting in these accounts, that is, Wang Hui's motives:

Wang Hui (?-133 BC), minister of the Western Han Dynasty, was a native of Yan. Born as a border official, he later served as a big commander. He has always opposed peace to the Xiongnu. In the autumn of the first year of Yuanguang (134 BC), the Xiongnu came to Han to ask for peace. Daxing Ling Wang Hui thought that the Xiongnu were capricious and advocated a war with the Xiongnu, while Han Anguo, the imperial historian, believed that it was difficult to win a battle in a land that did not belong to him thousands of miles away. At that time, most of the courtiers echoed Han Anguo, so Emperor Wu of Han agreed to make peace.

In the summer of the second year of Yuanguang (133 BC), Nie Wengyi, a wealthy citizen of Yanmen Mayi, ordered Wang Hui to make a statement to Emperor Wu through Daxing, taking advantage of the fact that the Xiongnu had just reconciled with the Han Dynasty and trusted the border people to lure the military minister Shan Yu. Emperor Wu listened to Wang Hui's advice, ambushed 300,000 troops in Mayi City, and began the first war against the Xiongnu.

Wang Hui went out of his side, and he should have deep sympathy for the historical plundering of the Huns.

And in this regard, it is not surprising that Wang Hui opposes peace and proximity.

But in the same way, not long ago, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty listened to the advice of the ministers led by Han Anguo and continued to implement the peace agreement, why did he quickly change his mind less than half a year later?

This point should be closely related to the appearance of a person, and this person is Nie Yi.

According to history, in the first year of Yuanguang of the Western Han Dynasty (that is, in 134 BC), Nie Yi, a wealthy merchant in the area of Yanmen and Mayi, out of familiarity with the Xiongnu and anxiety about the endless troubles of the Western Han Dynasty, suggested to Emperor Wu through Wang Hui that the Han Dynasty had won the trust of the Xiongnu after making peace, and as long as it was tempted to benefit, it would definitely be defeated.

So Nie Yi was ordered to use himself as bait, personally went to the Xiongnu camp, surrendered to the military ministers at that time, and claimed that he could kill the county order of Mayi, force the city of Mayi to surrender, and then get the property of the city. Just believing his words and greedy for profit, he immediately planned to raise troops.

After Nie Yi returned to the Han Dynasty, he falsely called the head of the chief of Mayi with the head of a criminal to show that the time had come to lure the Xiongnu army deep into the important land. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent five generals with a total of 300,000 chariots and cavalry to set up an ambush in Mayi. These five generals are General Li Guangxiao, the commander of the guard, the general of the Imperial Servant Sun He Qingche, the general of the Daxing Order Wang Hui, the general of the Taizhong Doctor Li Xicaiguan, and the general of the Imperial Historian Han Anguo's Protector. All the leading troops were subordinate to Han Anguo, and they agreed to attack when Shan Yu entered Mayi.

......

From the description of Nie Yi, it can be seen that this kind of thing is a bit surprising. Because from these aspects, the military minister Shan Yu is certainly more interested in Ma Yi, but the military minister Shan Yu has no less than 100,000 troops under his command, and if it is according to the situation of the army, it is really difficult for the 300,000 army to surround 100,000 Hun riders.

Moreover, can a wealthy businessman really be able to convince Shan Yu, a military minister who has the Bank of China to say that this is the first traitor in history...... In fact, it is also a problem.

Therefore, if this situation is not that Nie Yi succeeded in seducing the Huns, but that the military minister Shan Yu was prepared, then the entire Ma Yi strategy became an attempt by the military minister Shan Yu to successfully test the Han Dynasty's attitude towards the Xiongnu.

...................................................... Dividing Line................................................

In the sixth lunar month of 133 BC (the second year of Yuanguang), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent 300,000 elite soldiers to order the general Han Anguo, the general of the cavalry, Li Guang, and the general of the light chariot, Gongsun He, to lead the main army to ambush in the valley near Mayi. Wang Hui, the general of Tun, and Li Xi, the general of Caiguan, led more than 30,000 people out of Dai County (northeast of present-day Wei County, Hebei Province), preparing to attack the Xiongnu's baggage from the flank and cut off their retreat, completely annihilating the main force of the Xiongnu in one fell swoop. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also sent the merchant Nie Yi to the Xiongnu to lure the enemy.

Nie Yi went out of the fortress to do business in the name of seeing the Xiongnu military minister Shan Yu. Nie Yi deceived the military minister Shan Yu and said that he had hundreds of men under his command, who could kill the order of Mayi County, surrender the city, and all the livestock and property could go to the Xiongnu, but the Xiongnu must send a large army to meet them in case of Han soldiers. The military minister Shan Yu coveted the wealth of Mayi City, personally led an army of 100,000 into Wuzhou Sai (now Zuoyun County, Shanxi Province)[5], and sent envoys to enter Mayi with Nie Yi first, and then marched after killing the order of Mayi County. Nie Yi then returned to Mayi to conspire with the county commander, killed a prisoner, cut off his head and hung it above the city gate, disguised as the head of the county commander, and deceived the Xiongnu envoys.

After receiving the envoy's report, the military minister Shan Yu led the army to march in the direction of Mayi. When the army came to a place more than 100 miles away from Mayi, they found that there were livestock along the way, but no one was grazing, which aroused the suspicion of the military minister Shan Yu. At this time, the Xiongnu captured the small pavilion of the side defense and captured the captain of the Han Yanmen. Under the threat, Wei Shi told all the plans of the Han army. After hearing this, the military minister Shan Yu was shocked and then overjoyed, and said: "I got the time of the emperor who is not the son of the Han Dynasty, it is really a gift from God." So he named Wei Shi the "King of Heaven" and ordered the immediate withdrawal of the army.

The 30,000 troops led by Wang Hui and Li Xi had left Dai County, preparing to attack the Xiongnu's baggage, and they were very surprised when they learned that the Xiongnu had withdrawn. Wang Hui thought that his army was no match for the Xiongnu army, so he had to retreat. Han Anguo and others led a large army to ambush in the territory of Mayi, but there was no movement for several days, so they changed the original battle plan and led the army to attack, but the result was nothing.

After the failure of the "Siege of Mayi", Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty proposed war with Wang Hui but escaped from the battle and imprisoned Wang Hui. Tingwei sentenced Wang Hui to death for fear of the enemy and wait-and-see. Although Wang Hui bribed Tian Wei to intercede through Emperor Wu's mother, the Empress Dowager, he still could not appease Emperor Wu's anger, and Wang Hui was forced to commit suicide to apologize.

After the "Siege of Mayi", the Xiongnu refused to make peace with the Western Han Dynasty, barricade and plunder on the border, or sent troops to attack the border counties of the Han Dynasty in retaliation for the siege of Mayi, and the number was too large to count.

Later generations believed that although the "Siege of Mayi" was unsuccessful, it enabled the Han Dynasty to end the humiliating "harmony" policy pursued since the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, and also opened the prelude to the large-scale war between the Han and Hungary. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to fight against the Huns, sent Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to conquer, relieved the threat of the Xiongnu, and ensured the economic and cultural development of the north.

The evaluation of Ma Yi's conspiracy in later history books is basically based on the description of historical records:

After that, the plan of the deep society, the policy of restoring the 10,000 years, is to revitalize hundreds of thousands, so that Wei Qing and Huo go to the sick and train the soldiers, before and after more than ten years, so the Fuxi River, the great curtain, the broken face, the attack on the royal court, the extremely poor, chased to the north, sealed the wolf in Xu Mountain, Zen in Guyan, to the Hanhai, the capture of the king, the nobles to hundreds; since then, the Xiongnu were terrified, and they sought peace and relatives, but they did not refuse to be called ministers.

"Continuation of the Governance of Tongjian Long Edition": The king of the former Han Dynasty recovered, and wanted to be fortunate to be in the Xiongnu for a while, so it was the battle of Mayi, and the filial piety and martial piety were Xu Zhi, and he wanted to be edicted to engage in it. Then he thought that he was plotting to recover, so his subordinates did not forgive, so that Hui committed suicide.

"Classics": Emperor Xiaowu inherited the legacy of many generations, met China's Yinfu, the surplus money and silk of the treasury, and the rotting corn of the warehouse. Therefore, it was intended to extinguish the Xiongnu and clear the border. Therefore, at the beginning of his accession to the throne, from the book of Wang Hui, he set up a plan for Ma Yi.

"Book of Song": Emperor Wu repaired the contract and did not abolish Ma Yi's strategy. Therefore, if there is a surplus, it will be omitted, and if it is insufficient, it will be retreated.

"Three Dynasties and Northern Alliance": Wang Hui's conspiracy must be punished by the head of Rong.

Gu Yingtai: The ancients had a way to be the Son of Heaven and guarded the four descendants. Protect the territory, do not have a heart. It was the temptation of Ma Yi to add the crime to Wang Hui; Cover with diligence and long-term strategy, lightly open the side provocation, not a trivial reason.

......

In the strategy of Mayi, there was a famous general of the Han army who had a certain status in the early stage of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's war against the Xiongnu, and this person was Li Xi.

Li Xi joined the army as a teenager and first served Liu Qi, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty. In the first month of the third year of the Later Yuan Dynasty (141 BC), Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty died, and the crown prince Liu Che ascended the throne as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. At the beginning of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he adopted a policy of peace and proximity to restrain the Xiongnu, but the Xiongnu were ambitious and still sent troops to invade everywhere, making the Western Han frontier turbulent. With the further economic development of the Western Han Dynasty and the strength of the military, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to raise troops to counterattack the Xiongnu.

In June of the second year of Yuanguang (135 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Li Xi as a general of Caiguan, and accompanied the imperial historian Han Anguo to lead an army of 300,000 troops to garrison in Mayi. They sent Nie Weng Yi (Nie Yi in the Book of Han), a native of Mayi (now Shuozhou, Shanxi), to use the city of Mayi as a bait to lure the Xiongnu Shan Yu to go deep and annihilate in one fell swoop, so the Xiongnu Shan Yu personally led more than 100,000 cavalry across the border into the Han land. When the Xiongnu reached a place more than 100 miles away from the city of Mayi, they found that the fields were full of livestock but there were no grazing personnel, and they felt that something was wrong, so they stopped their march. When they caught the Yanmen Commander Shi who came out to inspect, after torture and interrogation, they learned that the ambush soldiers of the Han army were waiting in the area of Mayi, and they were very frightened, so they immediately ordered the army to withdraw to avoid a catastrophe. The Xiongnu discovered that the Han Dynasty was ready to confront them by force, and from then on, a large-scale war between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu began.

In the autumn of the second year of Yuan Shuo (127 B.C.), the Xiongnu invaded Liaoxi County and killed the Taishou of Liaoxi, invaded Yuyang County and Yanmen County, defeated Duwei, killed and plundered more than 2,000 people (more than 3,000 people in one case), and defeated Han Anguo's army. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty then sent Li Xi and the cavalry general Wei Qing to attack the Xiongnu respectively, Li Xi sent troops from Dai County, and Wei Qing sent troops from Yunzhong County to jointly attack the Xiongnu to the west until Gaoque. So he conquered the Henan region and reached Longxi, where he captured thousands of Huns, captured hundreds of thousands of livestock[2], and expelled the Xiongnu Aries King and Lou Fu King from the Han realm. The imperial court changed the Henan region to Shuofang County.

In the fifth year of Yuan Shuo (124 B.C.), Wei Qing led 30,000 troops to attack Shuofang County, and Li Xi, who was then a Daxing (an official who received guests in ancient times, equivalent to the current diplomatic officer), led the troops to attack Youbeiping, covering the court of the Xiongnu Youxian Wang, and the Youxian King was caught off guard and fled in panic with only a few hundred people. The Han army captured more than 15,000 Xiongnu people, including more than 10 people from the right Xian Pi king, and the Han army won a great victory in this battle. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Wei Qing as the general, and named Li Xi as the Marquis of Guannei, with 300 households.

The Hun evil king conspired to return to the Han Dynasty, when Li Xizheng soldiers built an offensive and defensive city on the side of the Yellow River, received the envoy sent by the evil king, and immediately sent people to fly to Beijing Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi) to report to the imperial court. After receiving the news, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immediately sent the general Huo Qubing to lead the troops to meet him.

In the sixth year of the Yuan Ding Dynasty (112 B.C.), the Qiang people's Xianling, Fiefdom, and Prison tribes resolved their grievances, formed an alliance, and secretly colluded with the Xiongnu, and gathered more than 100,000 horses to attack Lingju and Angu together, and then besieged Caohan. In October of the same year, the imperial court levied 100,000 cavalry from Longxi, Tianshui, Anding, as well as lieutenants from Kyoto, Henan, and Hanoi, and sent Li Xi and Lang Zhong to order Xu Ziwei to lead these 100,000 people to conquer the Qiang people, and soon put down the Qiang rebellion. After the end of the war, the imperial court set up a guard captain for the first time in Caohan, and sent Li Xi to lead the troops to guard it.

And Li Xi is likely to die in the position of captain of Huqiang. (To be continued.) )

This book is from //x.html