readx;? After the death of Shamsh Attad I, the empire began to disintegrate. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

The first independent force was Ma Rui.

In 1789 BC, Jasuma Attad was overthrown by the new king of Marish, Simri Limu, and was expelled back to Assyria.

After the second dynasty of Marui was destroyed by Assyria, he took refuge in Yamhad, which was established by the Syrian power of West Semite, and later received the help of Yaremrin, the king of Yamhard, and lent him troops, so as to overthrow the rule of Assyria, get the throne of Mare, and establish the third dynasty of Mare

Upon his accession to the throne, Simri Lim quickly married Yamahard and married Yamahard's princess as queen, ensuring the country's support for him.

Assyria's powerlessness over it hastened the collapse of the Assyrian Empire.

The Babylonian king Hammurabi had always been a vassal of Assyria, and it was initially inconvenient for him to come into contact with Mari, but after the death of Shamsh Atad I, Marre's independence became a reality, and he formed an alliance with Mari. This was the first step in Babylon's beginning to dominate Mesopotamia.

Babylon then rose rapidly.

In 1775 BC, Hammurabi destroyed Marry, and the Third Dynasty of Mari was destroyed.

From 1775 BC, Hammurabi began his quest to unify Mesopotamia.

In 1763 BC, the army of the Babylonian king Hammurabi defeated the last king of Larsa, Remsin I, and unified the Sumerian region, with the Babylonian king Hammurabi also serving as king of Larsa.

Hammurabi's next target was the Akkadian region, where the city of Babylon was located, but Assyria was deeply entrenched in the Akkadian region, and his ally Eshnenna in the Diyala Valley was also eyeing him. Even at this time, Eshnenna's power was stronger than that of Assyria. So the immediate obstacle is them.

Hammurabi then began to challenge Assyria and Eshnenna.

Assyria now faced not only the rise of Babylon in the south, but also the attacks of the Turuku from the Zagros Mountains. At one point, the Turuku attacked the Assyrian capital, Ecaratus.

In the face of these problems, in addition to actively responding to the attack of Babylon, Ishme Dagan's most important measure was to form an alliance with Babylon's enemies, which was more effective, first with Tatusha, the king of Eshnenna, and even in order to show his sincerity, he ceded the position of leader to Eshnenna.

Later, he reconciled with the Syrian power Yamhard and no longer cared about the independence of Mari, who had been haunted by the fact that Babylon had taken Mari without retaining any sympathy for Yamhard, so he gladly accepted the olive branch handed by Assyria. However, in the ensuing war, it seems that Armhard did not play any role, perhaps because Assyria was an Eastern Semite, while Babylon and Armhard were both West Semites, and the internal dispute between the two did not want to be benefited by the foreign enemy Assyria of East Semite.

In 1761 BC, Hammurabi defeated the combined forces of Eshnenna, Assyria, and Guti.

After a truce of several years, King Zrisin of Eshnenna, as the leader of the alliance, contacted Turuku, Kakmu and Assyria in the Subartu region, hoping to form an alliance again against Hammurabi.

In 1756 BC, Hammurabi attacked before the combined forces of Turuku, Kakmu, and Assyria reached Eshnenna, defeating the reinforcements of Turuku, Kakmu, and Assyria. So Eshnenna was isolated from the Babylonian army.

In 1755 BC, Hammurabi garrisoned the city of Tutubo on the other side of the Eshnenna River, then washed away Eshnenna with great water and captured Eshnenna. King Zrisin of Eshnenna was killed, and the Eshnenna dynasty perished. The city of Eshnenna has since been reduced to rubble. Later, the center of the Eshnenna region (Diyala River basin) was changed from Eshnenna to Tutubo (later renamed Samsu Iruna Fort).

In the epilogue of his Codex, Hammurabi clearly states that Eshnenna (represented by the city gods Tyshpak and Nyingasu), Akkad, Nineveh (Assyria) and Ashur were the 20th to 23rd most important cities in his kingdom.

After the capture of Eshnenna, Hammurabi soon occupied the only large city in Akkadian that had not yet been annexed to him (the traditional settlement of the Eastern Semites), and completely unified Babylonia (including the regions of Akkadian and Sumer).

In 1754 BC, Hammurabi used the Eshnenna region (Diyala River basin) as a base and again marched upstream along the Tigris River to conquer Assyria.

In 1754 BC, Hammurabi used Eshnenna as a base and again marched upstream along the Tigris River to conquer Assyria.

Ashur Tugur, reigned 1750-1732 BC.

In 1750 BC, the Assyrian king Ishme Dagan I died in fear and was succeeded by his son Ashur Tugul.

The Babylonians called the Assyrian capital of Ekaratus and the greater and lesser Zabu River regions controlled by the Turuku and Guti to the east "Subartu". To the west of Subartu is the upper reaches of Habur, with the kingdom of Buyanda, and further west to the regions of the Barih and Euphrates rivers with the tribes of Zalmaku. At this time, these nations and tribes were subjects of Assyria.

In 1750 BC, as soon as the Assyrian king Ashur Tugulf came to power, he contacted the tribes of Buldar and Zaalmaku to form an alliance against the Babylonian king Hammurabi.

Hammurabi defeated the coalition forces and captured the cities of Ecaratu, Nineveh, and Ashur. The Assyrian kingdom of Aekratus falls. Thereafter, Assyria became a Babylonian vassal state.

Ashur Tugur was forced to leave Assyria and placed under house arrest in the city of Babylon until his death in 1732.

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The previous volume introduced the Awan dynasty of Elam, and this volume continues with the Awan kings after the Akkadian period:

Lushi Ishshanan, reigned 2404-2355 BC, a contemporary of King Sargon of Akkad.

In 2394 BC, Lushi Ishshan, son of Hishep Latab I, succeeded to the throne of Awan.

In 2363 BC, Sargon launched an expedition against Elamite and defeated the Elamite king Lushi Ishshan, subjugating the cities of Awan and Susa. After this expedition, western Elamite became a dependency of the Kingdom of Akkad. However, the local dynasties, like Kish and your, maintained their authority, and the Akkadians controlled them only through military force and the king's officials.