Chapter 43: The Sixth Dynasty of Egypt

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In 2285 BC, Usarkara served as regent of the Kingdom of Egypt.

During the reign of Unas, the last ruler of the Fifth Dynasty, he began to move away from sun worship, but had not yet severed his ties with the god Ra. By the time of the Titi reign of the Sixth Dynasty, the relationship with the sun god Ra seems to have been completely severed. But after his murder, the worship of the god Ra resumed during the Usharkara period.

Uselkara, which means "the soul of the god Ra is mighty", is said to have been the second pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty and is often seen as an opponent of Teti, possibly a usurper of the throne. It is also believed that he was a relative of Queen Ipt I.

However, judging from the fact that he did a lot of construction during his lifetime, but did not build his own exclusive pyramid, he did not regard himself as a pharaoh, so the argument that the assassination was carried out by him is untenable, and the author believes that he is a relative of the queen, because he has the trust of the queen and holds power, and because he has no kinship with the royal family, he is not qualified to inherit the position of pharaoh.

But in any case, it prevented Pepi I from exercising his pharaonic authority, and thus became the target of Peppi I's desire to eradicate, and this is the reason why Uselkara did not want to usurp the throne, and if he had become a pharaoh, then there was no doubt that the first target of eradication would be the teenage child Pepi I, the legitimate heir of the previous king, who had eliminated him only a few years later. It shows that his role and status are similar to Zhang Juzheng in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, although he was supported by the queen, but he did not have the heart or enough power to support him to usurp the throne.

Pepi I, reign: 25 years, 2281-2256 BC.

In 2285 BC, Teti's son Pepi I succeeded to the throne as pharaoh of Egypt. But the regime was controlled by the regent Uselkara. It is only a puppet.

Pepi I, whose first royal name was Nefilgahor, was later known as Meriel, which means "beloved by the god Ra". He was the son of Teti and Ipth, the daughter of Unas, the last pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt.

In 2281 BC, in order to fight the political struggle with Usharkara, Pepi I asked for help from the powerful local forces of Upper Egypt, and with the support of these local powers, he finally regained his power and killed Uselkara, but these local forces developed greatly, forming a situation similar to the division of feudal towns in the late Tang Dynasty.

He had two most important queens. He and Queen Ankesan Pepi I gave birth to Merion, Ray-Nymtiemsaf I, and his daughter Knight. The son later became pharaoh, and the daughter later married her younger half-brother Pepi II.

Pepi I and Queen Ankaiseen Pepi II gave birth to the baby Pepi II. It seems that Pippi II was born shortly before and after his death.

Pepi I had many wives, including Nebuunette and Inniek-Inti, and their small pyramids were near the pyramid of Pepi I in the south of Saqqara. The inscription also records another queen who may have come from Upper Egypt, named Nejeftate. Other family members, though we are not quite sure about their relationship, may include a woman from Upper Egypt named Meritites IV. The name of another wife, Mehaa, was found in the tomb of her son, Horne Gerkat.

Pepi I's reign was known for its expansion in Nubia, with trade extending to the distant shores of Lebanon and Somalia, accompanied by the growing power of the nobility. The king had an official named Vini weni, who represented him on his travels throughout Asia.

The decline of the Old Kingdom began during the reign of Pepi I, when the Nomarz (the regional representative of the king, the viceroy) became more powerful and influential. Pepi I married two sisters, Ankesan Peppi I and II, both daughters of Khui, a nobleman from Abydos and husband of Lady Nebet, the female vizier who ruled Upper Egypt. Pepi I later made their brother Djau a vizier as well. The two sisters' influence was very widespread, and the sons they gave birth to later became pharaohs of Egypt.

Pepi I was a prolific architect who built many large-scale architectural projects in Dendra, Abydos, Elevantien, and Higalakonpolis in Upper Egypt. One of his most important ministers, Winnie, built the Grand Canal near the First Waterfall for the king. Winnie had been solely responsible for the charges against Queen Willett Yamtes. But no further information is given.

The reign of Pepi I was marked by the growing influence and wealth of the nobility outside the royal family, which was at the root of Egypt's decline into the First Intermediate Period. These aristocrats built lavish burial grounds for themselves and often boasted to each other about the privileges they had received because of their proximity to Pepi I.

During this period, Pepi I sent more merchant groups and expeditions, mainly because of the architectural needs of Egypt for the construction of pyramids and other things. Pepi I maintained diplomatic and commercial ties with Byblos and Ebra. Even expeditions went on expeditions to Palestine.

Pepi I built the pyramids south of Saqqara.

Soon after Pepi ascended to the throne, he began to clarify the name of Uselkara on a large scale. Some people think that this may be due to the murder of Teti by Usharkara, but the author thinks that it is more likely that the Teti lineage did not worship the sun god Ra, like Unas, and Uselkara believed in Ra, which may have been a so-called holy war rather than a simple revenge.

Merian Ray-Nemtiemsaf I, reigned 11 BC, 2256-2245 BC.

In 2256 BC, Pepi I's son, Merian Ray I, succeeded to the throne as pharaoh of Egypt.