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In addition to the fact that the Xuanwumen Revolution challenged the traditional inheritance system to a large extent, the candle shadow axe, which is mainly circulated in the wild history, should be second only to the Xuanwumen Change, which challenged the traditional inheritance system. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

The sound of the candle shadow and the axe, also known as the axe and the candle shadow, refers to the midnight of October in the ninth year of Song Kaibao, when Taizu Zhao Kuangyin was seriously ill and summoned Zhao Guangyi, the king of Jin, to discuss the matter, and the left and right could not be heard. During the banquet, some people saw the light and righteousness under the candlelight from time to time and left the table, and there was a sign of avoidance, and they heard Taizu poke the ground with a pillar axe, and said loudly: "It's good to do it." Later Jin King Guangyi succeeded to the throne and was known as Taizong in history.

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There are many theories in history about the sound of candle shadows and axes, mainly in two points, one is the sudden serious illness of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, and the second is why Zhao Guangyi was able to bypass Song Taizu's adult son and directly inherit the throne.

After Zhao Guangyi ascended the throne as emperor, he was known as Song Taizong in history, and before his accession to the throne, according to the description, it was based on the great benefits that the "Golden Kui Alliance" could obtain.

The Golden Kui Alliance, also known as the "Golden Kui Edict".

The first official announcement of the "Jin Kui" incident in the imperial court was in the sixth year of Taizong's accession to the throne, that is, in September of the sixth year of Taiping Xingguo. This time, it was dedicated by Zhao Pu and discovered and made public by Taizong, and the "Golden Covenant" is the "Exclusive Covenant".

Its content is that it was passed on to his younger brother Zhao Guangyi, and the "Jinkui Covenant" recorded and recognized in the official documents of the Northern Song Dynasty was only a "Sole Covenant". This is the origin of the Golden Alliance.

On the other hand, the private history of the Northern Song Dynasty has many records of the "Three Transmission Covenants" of the Jinkui Alliance, that is, "the Tingmei of Taizong's transmission, and the Dezhao of Tingmei's retransmission",

Although it is also known to the world, there is not a single material that records that it was presented to Taizong by Zhao Pu, and there are no official materials that record or acknowledge it.

It is written: "In the second year of Jianlong, the Queen Mother did not hesitate, and the Taizu served the bait without leaving the left. In an urgent situation, Zhao Pujin was summoned to receive his will.

The Queen Mother asked Taizu and said, "You know why you have the world?" Taizu couldn't be right. The Queen Mother asked, and the Taizu said: "Those who win the world are all ancestors and the Queen Mother's Jiqing." ”

The Queen Mother said: "Otherwise, it is Zhou Shizong who is making the young children master the world." So that the Zhou family has a long king, how can the world be for you? After you are 100 years old, you should be passed on to your brother.

The four seas are wide, tens of thousands are many, and they can establish a long monarch and the blessing of the community. Taizu suddenly cried and said: "It's better to teach if you dare." The Queen Mother Gu Zhao Pu said: "You remember my words, and you can't violate them." "The order is the oath in front of the bed, and the book at the end of the paper is "the book of ministers". The hidden gold is ordered to be held by the people of the secret palace. ”

Yun: "At the beginning, the Empress Dowager Zhaoxian did not hesitate and ordered Taizu to pass on the throne to Taizong, because Zhao Pu said: "You remember my words, and you can't violate them." "The order is in front of the bed for the covenant oath, and the book cloud at the end of the paper is "Chen Pushu", the hidden gold, and the people of the secret palace are in the palm of it.

Or it is said that Zhaoxian and Taizu's original intention is to cover the Tingmei of Taizong's biography, and Tingmei's reincarnation of Dezhao. Therefore, Taizong was established, that is, Tingmei Yin Kaifeng, and Dezhao was called the prince. ”

In Sima Guang, Wang Yuyan, Li Tao and other historical works, there are roughly similar records of the two theories.

What is interesting is that Sima Guang certainly described these statements in it, but in his more influential context, there is no corresponding statement.

And the official circulation of the "Golden Alliance" is the classic.

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It is one of the 24 histories and is included in the official history category of the Department of History. It began to be revised by Prime Minister Tokh and Arutu at the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the beginning of the third year, and was revised at the same time, and it is the largest official history book in the 24 histories.

The book has 47 volumes, 162 volumes, 32 volumes, and 255 volumes, a total of 496 volumes, making it the largest historical book in the 24 histories of China. The volume is huge, and there are more than 2,000 biographies, which is twice as many as the biographies.

Han Tong, Li Yun, and Li Chongjin are listed together, spanning the five dynasties to the early Song Dynasty, making up for the shortcomings of the past history of the old and new five dynasties. There are a total of 15 chronicles, accounting for about one-third of the whole book, second only to the weight of the 24 histories, which is also unique in the 24 histories, and describes in detail the organization of the bureaucracy at all levels in the Song Dynasty from the central to the local level.

Fourteen volumes, equivalent to seven times. According to the situation of the Song Dynasty, there are four and three volumes of biographies of Cai Jing, Huang Qianshan, Qin Hui, Zhang Bangchang, Liu Yu, etc., and four volumes of biographies of Taoist figures such as Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhang Zai, and Zhu Xi.

It's just that from the point of view of the creation time, the Yuan Dynasty was gradually in turmoil at that time.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, land was highly concentrated, and the Mongolian aristocracy had completely become feudal landlords, each occupying a large amount of land. Before his accession to the throne, Emperor Temur of Yuan Taiding had dedicated 7,000 hectares of land to the imperial court, and during the reign of Emperor Yuan Shun, the land of the princess Nulun was transferred from the imperial court to the minister Boyan by the imperial court.

There is still so much land to be consecrated and allocated, and the actual amount of land occupied is certainly much higher. In order to encircle the Mongol princes, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty gave them gold, silver and land as soon as he ascended the throne.

During the reign of Yuan Shizu, the government gave the minister no more than 100 hectares of land once, and later increased to 1,000 hectares and 10,000 hectares. In the past, most of the fields were in the north, but later they turned to most of the areas in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Suzhou. The Mongol aristocracy exploited the land they had seized from the peasants and leased them to the peasants on harsh terms.

During the reign of Yuan Wuzong, "Jinxing" asked for 1,230 hectares of land, collected 500,000 stone per year, and collected an average of 4 stone per mu. The family of the king of Huainan also occupied the land in Yangzhou, and often sent people to the townships to "collect debts and rents, drive the peasants, and plunder the wheat crops".

During the reign of Emperor Wenzong of the Yuan Dynasty, the minister Yan Timur asked the emperor to lease the official land around Suzhou to his brothers and sons-in-law, who then subleased them to farmers. The trend of annexation by Han landlords is increasing day by day. In Chong'an County, Fujian Province, there are a total of 450 households with land and taxes, and they pay 6,000 stone of grain, of which 50 families pay 5,000 stone of grain, and the large landlord households, which account for one-ninth of the county's taxpayers, actually occupy five-sixths of the land.

In the Jiangnan area, in addition to collecting rent from tenants, landlords also arbitrarily collected silk materials from tenants, extorted additional grain, and even forced tenants to serve on their behalf. Some landlords also use methods such as sprinkling and trickery to avoid servitude, and the phenomenon of uneven servitude is very serious, and the result is that "everyone collects millions of grains a year, and the small people have nothing to hide." In the northern region, due to the uneven servitude, it is also "the rich get richer and the poor get poorer".

In the second year of Taiding, the uprising of Zhao Chouguo and Guo Bodhisattva in Xizhou, Henan Province put forward the slogan of "Maitreya Buddha should have the world", which opened the prelude to the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.

In the third year of Emperor Shun's reign, there was an uprising of Zhu Guangqing and Nie Xiuqing in Guangdong, called "the birth of Dingguang Buddha". In the same year, there was an uprising in Henan Banghu, Banghu burned incense to gather people, and the rebels "raised the small flag of Maitreya". In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Monk Peng and Zhou Ziwang revolted in Yuanzhou, and more than 5,000 peasants rebelled. By the beginning of the period, small-scale uprisings and riots had spread throughout the country, and there were more than 300 uprisings in the Jingnan area alone.

Most of the peasants who staged the uprising were Han Chinese and Nan Chinese, so the Mongol rulers were even more hostile to Han and Nan people. Yuan Prime Minister Boyan and others once put forward the idea of killing the Han people with the surnames Zhang, Wang, Liu, Li, and Zhao, and at the same time reiterated that the Han people were not allowed to carry weapons or iron armies, and that the northerners were not allowed to return the rewards for beating the southerners. The imposition of these bans has further fueled the flames of revolt. All sorts of folk songs of rebellion against the Mongol rulers spread everywhere.

Liu Futong called for "the poor in the south of the Yangtze River, and the rich across the north". At that time, someone said: "Taerbai, the northerners are the main and the south is the guest." Ta'er Hong, the southerners come to be the masters". He also said: "The rain line of the sky, the people are resentful, and in the Central Plains, things will change."

Judging from these circumstances, it is very likely that the use of the term "Golden Alliance" has political implications.

For example, the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty, which was the destiny of heaven, and the Yuan Dynasty happened to be the existence of Yunyun sheltered by the immortal heaven.

More importantly, in the case of the Yuan Dynasty, it was officially revised more than 200 years later, and the credibility of some of its contents is really questionable.

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And the biggest doubt about the "Golden Alliance" is why it was made public only six years after Zhao Kuangyi ascended the throne?

It is very likely that this is a test of Zhao Kuangyi's subjects whether they have other thoughts about his ascension to the throne for a long time.

On the bright side, Zhao Kuangyi seems to get the result he wants.

But secretly, the rumors of candle shadows and axes are uninterrupted.

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And Zhao Guangyi's original inheritance position should be far inferior to Zhao Dezhao, who was ten years old before the death of Empress Dowager Du.

In the second year of Jianlong, Du Shi fell ill, and Song Taizu served Du Shi with medicine and food. On the first day of the fifth month, Song Taizu issued a special edict to pardon prisoners who committed miscellaneous crimes below the capital penalty because of Du's illness. When Du's illness worsened, Prime Minister Zhao Pu was summoned to listen to his will. Du Shi asked Song Taizu, "Do you know the reason why you got the world?"

Song Taizu wept and couldn't answer. Du Shi asked him again, and Song Taizu said: "The reason why I can win the world is completely due to the accumulation of virtue by my parents!" Du Shi said: "No, it is only because the later Zhou Shizong Chai Rong let the child dominate the world! If the Zhou family has an elderly and virtuous emperor, will the world become yours? After you die, you should pass the throne to your younger brother." The world is too big, there are too many clues, if you can make the elderly king, it is really a blessing for the country!"

Song Taizu kowtowed and wept and said, "I dare not disobey your teachings. Du Shi said to Zhao Pu: "You remember my words together, and you can't disobey them." Zhao Pu was ordered to write an oath in front of the bed, and Zhao Pu wrote "Chen Pu Shu" at the end of the paper. Hide it in a gold box and order the cautious palace people to take charge.

And one thing that is very interesting is that Zhao Pu was not the prime minister before the death of Empress Dowager Du:

In April of the first year of Jianlong, he colluded with Liu Jun of the Northern Han Dynasty to raise troops against the Song Dynasty. Zhao Pu saw that the situation was worrying, and urged Taizu to go with him, and Song Taizu obeyed his proposal, drove the expedition in person, and ordered Zhao Pu and the Beijing division to stay, and Zhao Pu asked to go with the army. Song Taizu smiled and said, "Are you capable of fighting?" In June, Shi Shouxin and Gao Huaide captured Baoze Prefecture, and Li Yun burned himself to death.

The pacification of the Erli rebellion, in the sense of offering advice and personal conquest, Zhao Pu's contribution was remarkable. Then he was moved to the post of squire of the military department and deputy envoy of the privy council.

In the third year of Jianlong, Jin Zhaopu was the privy envoy and the inspector of the Taibao.

In the second year of Qiande, Song Taizu deployed the center and local power to establish, and when the time was ripe, he tried his best to retain the quality of Hou Zhou, Wang Pu and Wei Renpu, and appointed Zhao Pu as a subordinate squire, Ping Zhangshi, and Jixian Hall scholars. There was no prime minister in Zhongshu Province to sign the edict, and Zhao Pu used this as an excuse to play Song Taizu, and Song Taizu said: "Qing only has to submit the edict, can I sign it for Qing?"

Zhao Pu said: "This is just the duty of the officials of the relevant departments, not the work of the emperor. Song Taizu ordered the Hanlin scholars to pay attention to the old system, and Dou Yi said: "Now the emperor's younger brother is appointed Kaifeng Yin and Tongping Zhangshi, which is the position of the prime minister." "Song Taizu ordered the signing right to be given to Zhao Pu. After Zhao Pu became the prime minister, the emperor regarded him as his right and left hand, and no matter how big or small, he consulted him to make a decision.

At that time, Zhao Pu also served as the supervisor of national history. Taizu ordered Xue Juzheng and Lu Yuqing to assist Zhao Pu in political affairs, and could not announce the emperor's edict, and the rank was listed after the prime minister. Originally, the prime minister's countersigned edicts were all made internally, but after Zhao Pu became prime minister, there was only an edict, not the original code system.

As can be seen from these accounts, Empress Dowager Du died in 961 AD, while Zhao Pu was only promoted to prime minister in 964 AD, and this gap in position is not a possible omission of a strict historian.

However, judging from the content of the "Golden Alliance", Zhao Pu did not make any mistakes in this regard, because whether it was the privy deputy envoy or the prime minister, they could only be called ministers.

There is a record in history that is also very interesting, that is, before Zhao Dezhao died, it is very likely that he did not know the content of the "Golden Kui Alliance".

In the end, whether Zhao Dezhao committed suicide because of Zhao Kuangyi's persecution eventually became the most important prerequisite for Song Zhenzong's accession to the throne......

Zhao Dezhao may have considered his five sons, and finally chose a path of suicide.

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