readx;? After Pangeng was in the west, he went through Xiaoxin, Xiaoyi, and Wuding until he was still in the west. What is the reason for the pen and fun www.biquge.info the pavilion? Wu Ding can visit the virtuous, and then Fu Wei got Fu to prove it. Fu Wei "in the north seven miles of Hebei County, Shaanzhou" ("Gu Di Zhi"), that is, the area of Pinglu County, Shanxi, is the wilderness of Xi'an. This certificate is also two.

Regarding the relocation of Pangeng to Yin, it is not now Anyang Yinxu, and the archaeological evidence of Anyang Yinxu can also be obtained. According to the excavation of Anyang Yin Ruins, from the unearthed 150,000 oracle bones, no one has been found to be the oracle bones of Pangeng, or Xiao Xin and Xiao Yi; in the excavation of the Gangyin Tomb in the northwest of Anyang, no tomb has been found to be the tombs of Pangeng, or Xiao Xin and Xiao Yi ("The Tombstone Land System of the Shang Dynasty", see "Archaeology", 1983, No. 10).

To sum up, Pangeng's statement that moved to Yin is not correct, Pangeng moved to Xihao, and it was Wuding who moved Yin, and Yin has not always been the capital.

In the process of moving the capital, important positions in the army were occupied by Pan Geng's cronies. After the success of this major move to the capital, Pangeng's power was greatly enhanced, his prestige in the army was enhanced, and he won the support of the army, while the old aristocracy was divided because some of its forces remained in the palace, and the aristocratic power in the imperial court tended to weaken due to the departure of the base area.

Although Pangeng controlled the army, politically the old aristocracy still had a huge power.

Although the relocation of the capital was completed, the political struggle was not over, and the common people arrived in a new place, and many people did not adapt to it, and they asked to move back to their hometowns. The old nobles took the opportunity to make trouble and incited everyone to demand to move back to Xiang.

At that time, Pan Geng issued a precept in response to the current situation: "There is no far-reaching, use sin to kill and use virtue to promote goodness", that is, regardless of the distance of blood with the king of Shang, if you commit a crime, you will be executed, and you will be rewarded for meritorious service, and he declares that he has the right to "control the short and long life". Once again, with a tough attitude, he warned the old nobles not to take the opportunity to make trouble, otherwise they would be severely punished.

With his loyal army, Pan Geng forcefully purged the nobles' attempts to move back to the old capital, and took strong measures to suppress the old nobles, and the royal power was boosted.

By moving the capital, Pangeng suppressed dissidents, and the authority of the Shang king rose, and he began to formally implement his own governance philosophy.

In the fifteenth year of Pangeng (BC1420), the plan of large-scale construction of Duxihao began to be implemented.

After Pangeng moved to Xihao, he implemented the moral politics of Shang Tang, rectified the politics of the Shang Dynasty, advocated frugality, improved the atmosphere, and reduced exploitation. At this time, the Shang Dynasty was relatively politically stable, and the social economy and culture had greater development, and the declining Shang Dynasty was revitalized, and the national situation was revitalized again.

From then on, the Shang people settled down and no longer migrated around, and by the end of the Shang dynasty, the imperial court was basically fixed in the current Henan area. Pangeng moved to Xihao to avoid the chaos of floods and internal struggles in the clan, stabilized the rule of the central Shang Dynasty, and laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Shang Dynasty in the later Wuding era, so that the Yin Shang, a slave country, got rid of the difficult situation, and got further development, and the productive forces, production technology, and production technology have made considerable achievements, which is an important milestone in the history of the development of Chinese civilization, making China a civilized power in the world at that time.

Pan Geng died of illness and was buried in Xihao, and his brother Xiao Xin succeeded to the throne. After Xiao Xin ascended the throne, the Shang Dynasty fell again. Therefore, the people missed the virtues of Pangeng, so they created three articles of "Pangeng" to commemorate, that is, the three articles of "Pangeng" preserved in the current text of "Shangshu".

Sima Qian's "Historical Records": "The government of the soup was practiced, and then the people were revived by Ning and Yindao." ”

Bangu's "Book of Han": "The former Pangeng changed the city to prosper the Yin Dao, and the sage was beautiful." ”

Xiao Xin, reigned 1406-1404 BC.

Xiao Xin, surnamed Zi, named Song, was the twentieth monarch of the Shang Dynasty.

In 1406, Pan Geng's younger brother Xiao Xin inherited the throne of the Shang Dynasty, with Xihao (Henan Yanshi) as the capital.

After Xiao Xin succeeded to the throne, he gave up Pan Geng's policy of governing the country, and the fortunes of the Shang Dynasty declined again.

After his death, he was buried in Yin and succeeded by his younger brother Xiaoyi.

Xiao Yi, reigned from 1403 to 1394 BC.

Xiao Yi, the surname of the child, the name of the twenty-first monarch of the Shang Dynasty. The oracle bone inscription of Yinxu is also made as small ancestor B, later ancestor B, and Yazu B. Xiaoyi is the temple number, and Yinxu is listed as a direct ancestor sacrifice.

In 1403, Pan Geng and Xiao Xin's younger brother Xiao Yi inherited the throne of the Shang Dynasty, with Xihao (Henan Yanshi) as the capital.

Xiao Yi, during his reign, he once conquered Dongyi, Ghost Fang, etc. The Shang Dynasty sacrificial system was formulated.

In the sixth year of Xiao Yi (BC1398), Xiao Yi asked his son Wu Ding to live as a commoner in the Yellow River (not Mo, now Hebiqi County, Henan), to work in the fields to understand the hunger and suffering of the people, and to worship the minister and the famous sage Ganpan as a teacher. This laid a good foundation for the future Wuding Zhongxing. At that time, Xiao Yi himself did not think that he would become a king, and he was afraid that his son would be harmed by hostile forces, so he sent him out of the palace incognito when Wu Ding was young.

After his death, he was buried in Yin and succeeded by his son Wu Ding.

Wu Ding, reigned 1393-1335 BC.

Wu Ding, surnamed Zi, Mingzhao, nephew of Shang King Pan Geng, son of Shang King Xiaoyi, and the twenty-second monarch of the Shang Dynasty. Nicknamed Shang Gaozong.

In 1393, Xiaoyi's son Wu Ding inherited the throne of the Shang Dynasty and took Xihao (Henan Yanshi) as the capital.

As soon as Wu Dingfu came to power, he appointed Gan Pan as the secretary (prime minister).

Xiao Yi will collapse, and Gan Pan will be left behind. At the beginning of Wu Ding's accession to the throne, he was strongly assisted by Ganpan, according to records: when Wu Ding, there was Ruo Ganpan, Kong Anguo Biography: Gaozong (Wu Ding) ascended the throne, Gan Pan Zuozhi, and then Fu said. According to the record of this "Bamboo Book": In the sixth year of Xiaoyi, the son of Wu Ding lived in the river and learned in Ganpan. After Wu Ding ascended the throne, he lived in Yin and ordered Qing Shi Ganpan. These records all indicate that Gan Pan was a famous minister in the early Wuding period.

There is "Shi-like" in the divination (there is only the left part of the word "Shi" in the divination), Guo Moruo said: "Shi-like is a personal name, and it is a practice." Chen Mengjia said: "Wu Ding's teacher was Wu Ding's person at that time, and Dong Zuobin thought it was Ganpan, which was very likely. In the ancient books, "general" and "pan" are often fake, which shows that the ancient books of Ganpan are also written as Ganpan. There is Gandhi in the divination, and there are records of "the king goes to Gan" and "the king goes to Gan" in the divination of the Wuding period, and this Gan is likely to be a division-like fiefdom, so the division is also called Gan or Ganpan.

"Division" and "handsome" are the same word in ancient times, originally referring to the scarf wrapped on the head, the oracle bone inscription and the "division" of the golden inscription are the pictograms of the scarf, because the scarf is wrapped on the head, the top of the human body, so there is the meaning of the leader, the handsome leader, the "division" said in the divination is the army led by someone, so it was later used as the establishment of the army. Therefore, "division" was originally a kind of military position, that is, the commander of the army, not the meaning of teacher. The teacher in the divination is the teacher of Wu Ding and the secretary of the Ganpan in the literature, which has been the consensus of the academic community.