Chapter 18: The Wuguan Rebellion

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Most of the houses are square or rectangular semi-crypt buildings, and the floor of the house is coated with a layer of white plaster, which is smooth and solid. The public cemetery of the www.biquge.info clan is often located near the residential area, and the rectangular pit tombs are popular, with single burials and joint burials, with pottery and pig mandibles as burial items. There are adult male and female burial tombs of one man and one woman, or one man and two women, in which the male is lying on his back and straight, and the female is bent sideways to face the man. This shows that men were dominant in society at that time, and women were reduced to subordination. It reflects that the patrilineal clan society had entered at that time, and the marriage form was monogamy and polygamy.

The transition from polygamy to monogamy in the Qi culture shows that men dominate society while women are relegated to subordination and servitude.

The inhabitants were engaged in agriculture, cultivating crops such as millet, raising pigs, sheep, dogs, and large livestock, cattle, horses, etc.

Some stone shovels have been made of jade with a very high hardness, which has a regular shape and a very sharp edge. The bone shovel is made of the shoulder blade or jawbone of an animal, and the blade is wide and practical, the stone knife and stone sickle used for harvesting grain are mostly polished and perforated, and the stone grinding disc, stone grinding rod, and stone pestle are used to process grain. In general, the number of stone axes, stone shovels, and stone adzes is very small, which may indicate that agricultural production is not very developed.

The pottery is mainly yellow pottery, and there are carved lines, and there are often rope patterns. It is mainly clay red pottery and sand-filled reddish-brown pottery, and the surface of some utensils is covered with white pottery. A large number of pottery is plain, some pots and three-legged vessels are printed with basket and jomon patterns, and there are also a small number of faience pottery, painted with diamonds, grids, triangles, water waves and butterfly patterns, and the lines are simplified and smooth.

The shape of the utensils is mainly flat-bottomed, and there are fewer three-legged and circle-footed devices. Typical utensils include amphorae, plates, mustaches, basins, perforated ring-foot beans, etc., among which the double large ear jar and the high-necked amphora are the most distinctive. The potters of the Qijia culture are also good at using clay to make various human heads and animal statues, with long necks and round cheeks, and eyes looking up; animals such as horses, sheep or dogs, etc., are small and vivid. There are also pottery bottles and drum-shaped bells, which contain a small stone ball, which are ingenious crafts when shaken. Potters have mastered the technique of oxidizing and reducing flame kilns.

Discover the unique jade, its rich connotation, variety, exquisite craftsmanship, convincing.

Copper smelting has emerged, including red and bronze ware. There are knives, cones, chisels, rings, daggers, axes, drills, bubbles, mirrors and copper ornaments. The ruins of Qijiaping unearthed a copper axe with a rectangular chisel and a pair of small buttons, with a sharp blade and a total length of 15 centimeters, which is the largest bronze vessel of Qijia culture. A bronze mirror unearthed from the Gamatai site, with a diameter of 9 centimeters and a thickness of 0.4 centimeters, is flat on one side, and decorated with a seven-pointed star-shaped ornament on the other side, which is well preserved. The production of bronze ware is mostly made by cold forging, and some use single casting and simple combined casting, and the progress of bronze smelting and manufacturing indicates that it entered the early stage of slave society.

The textile industry has developed considerably, and a large number of textile sewing tools such as pottery, stone spinning wheels and bone needles are generally found in residential sites and tombs. Some of the tombs have cloth marks on the skeletons and clay pots. The cloth pattern on a clay pot in Dahezhuang is well preserved, the cloth is like hemp weaving, there are two kinds of thickness, the thick one has 11 warp and weft lines per square centimeter, and the thin warp and weft line is more fine. The clothes worn by people at that time were mainly sewn from this type of linen.

In the Qi culture, there was a custom of human burial, and the martyrs were slaves and victims of tribal warfare. The custom of burial reflects differences in social status and class divisions. The abundance or absence of burial goods in the tombs also shows the social reality of inequality between the rich and the poor. For example, the burial utensils of the tomb of the Emperor Niangniangtai, there are one or two pieces of pottery, as many as 37 pieces, only 1 piece of jade, and 83 pieces of jade. This situation shows that, firstly, the handicraft industry dominated by the metallurgical industry in the Qijia culture is constantly growing, which promotes the development of productive forces, and secondly, it also shows that profound changes have taken place within the society, the emergence of classes, the emergence of private ownership, the collapse of primitive society, and the Qijia culture has entered the stage of military democracy.

There are many sons of Qi, and there are five famous ones:

Eldest son: (Him) Taikang

Second son: (姒) Yuanyasu

Three sons: (Him) Bokang

Fourth son: (Ji) Zhongkang

Five sons: (hi) Wu (five) view

From the name, it can be seen that the ranking of brothers at this time is Tai, Yuan, Bo, and Zhong, and the ranking of brothers in later feudal society is Bo, Zhong, Shu, and Ji. It shows that Tai and Yuan gradually became the exclusive titles of the ruling stage, and Bo and Zhong evolved from the original representatives of the third and fourth sons to the first and second sons.

The pursuit of wealth and power finally broke the tribal alliance power that naturally occurred under the clan system, and the state emerged, but the pursuit of wealth and power not only did not end, but intensified. After Ji used violent means to end the "Zen concession system", his sons fought for the right to inherit again, which was the Wuguan Rebellion.

In the literature of the Zhou Dynasty, "Xia Youguan, Hu" and "Yu Yousanmiao" were discussed together, among which Hu is Hu, and the view is Wuguan, or five views. He also compared him with Yaozi Danzhu, Shunzi Shangjun, Tangzi Taijia, and Guan Cai, the son of King Wen, and said that "the five kings all have Yuan Deye, and there are adulterous ......", which proves that Ji Wuguan is the "adulterer" of Ji Qizhi.

In BC2147, in Qi's later years, there was a **** of the princes' dispute, and the five sons Wuguan were exiled to Xihe (hAn Yang Ty County BC2143, when the succession issue was further mentioned on the agenda, Wuguan launched a rebellion, imitating the use of violence to seize the inheritance, this power struggle almost disintegrated the rule of the Xia Dynasty, fortunately, Peng Boshou Shuai Shi conquered Xihe, only to quell the rebellion of Xiwuguan. Wuguan was captured and returned to Beijing.

Peng Boshou, the surname of Xuan, the surname Peng can also be, the name Shou, the big Peng country is the country, so the name is Peng Boshou.

In 2142 BC, Emperor Qi died of illness and was buried in Anyi. Emperor Qi reigned for 16 years. He was 107 years old.

Taikang, reigned 2137-2134 BC.

In BC2137, after four years of mourning, Qi's eldest son Taikang inherited the throne of the Xia Dynasty and was the third monarch of the Xia Dynasty. This represents a new tradition: only after the death of the Son of Heaven can the new Son of Heaven ascend to the throne, and the military democracy of Chan Concession and the resulting next leader ruling on behalf of the emperor will no longer be practiced.

Although Taikang, the monarch of the Xia Dynasty, was already an old man, he still knew how to play fishing and hunting all day long and ignored business. As soon as he ascended the throne, he deprived the fiefdom of Gutai (SX martial arts).