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For both the East and the West, the existence of nomads is the destruction of the system that has established a fixed production society. Pen fun and pavilion www.biquge.info

In other words, it means that nomads often have destruction but do not build.

Although Zhang Jiashi does not dare to fully agree with this point, it is undeniable that the destruction of the original system of a country by nomads can indeed be said to be quite complete.

This can be seen in many ways.

The most intuitive is that nomads often resort to slaughtering cities and plundering to destroy the corresponding construction environment that has been carried out in an area.

This is also the most intuitive manifestation of the destruction and construction of the nomads.

Of course, in this regard, nomads are not a "good thing" that has not been done, because many times the exchanges between the East and the West, especially the east-west connections based on the land Silk Road, can be said to play a very huge role.

If it had not been for the strong coercion of the Han Dynasty brought by the Xiongnu, I am afraid that Zhang Qian would not have sent an envoy to the Western Regions, and if there had been no strategic counterattack against the Xiongnu, the Han Dynasty would probably not have established the Western Regions Protectorate, a veritable symbol of power, in the future.

It is not so much a government organization as the existence of the Central Plains Dynasty to expand externally and increase its influence.

"Duhufu" originated from the Western Regions Duhufu set up in Wulei in 60 BC in the second year of Emperor Xuandi of the Western Han Dynasty, and led the kingdoms of Dawan and the east of the city of Guo, and also supervised the nomadic states such as Wusun and Kangju. The Wei and Western Jin Dynasty had the Western Regions Changshi Mansion, and the Tang Dynasty unified the Western Regions and set up Anxi, Beiting Jinshan, Kunling, Mengchi and other capitals, which not only included the Western Regions including present-day Xinjiang, but also reached the coast of the Caspian Sea. The Metropolitan Protector's Mansion placed the positions of Metropolitan Protector, Deputy Metropolitan Protector, Changshi, Sima and so on, "in charge of Zhufan, comforting and discussing, and punishing meritorious deeds". It also places records to participate in the military, records affairs, Zhu Cao to participate in the military, and participates in the military, etc., such as the position of the state capital. There are large, upper and middle divisions, and the capital is protected by the prince Yao. Don't put the deputy capital protector's mansion affairs. Since the establishment of the Anxi Protectorate in 640 in the fourteenth year of Zhenguan, the end of the Tang Dynasty, the construction has changed from time to time.

This reminds me of the movie Heavenly General Xiongshi, although the content in it describes some of the circumstances of the Western Regions Protectorate at that time, but there is no doubt that many of the contents are relatively different from history. Let's not talk about Huo An's age, just Yanmen Pass belongs to the head of the Western Regions Metropolitan Protectorate. The wolf was only able to say nothing.

The origin of the Western Regions Protectorate originated after the Han Dynasty won a major victory in the war against the Xiongnu. Especially after Zhang Qian passed through the Western Regions and Li Guangli conquered Dawan, in order to include the Western Regions in the scope of his rule, create favorable conditions for the future war against Hungary, and at the same time ensure the smooth trade road of the Western Regions, so "from Dunhuang west to Yanze now Lop Nur, often set up pavilions." The wheels and ditch plows all have hundreds of field guards, and they are under the protection of the envoys and captains to give them to the foreign envoys. "Hanshu Western Regions Biography

The power of the Xiongnu, which was thus replaced, brought the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains under the rule of the central government for the first time. The Metropolitan Protectorate was established in Wulei City, Luntai County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, and Zheng Ji was appointed as the first Metropolitan Protector.

The Western Regions Protectorate lasted until the 17th A.D. of the New Dynasty during the Western Han Dynasty, when Li Chong, the protector of the Western Regions, led the army to attack Yanqizhongji, the new Dynasty general Wang Jun was killed, and Li Chongzai led the army to retreat to Qiuci, and it is very likely that he was murdered by Qiuci in the territory.

At this point, the first generation of the Western Regions Protectorate was in Li Chong. Wang Jun died one after another, and after the commander He Feng and the captain of Wuji Guo Qin had to lead the army back to the Guannei, they were officially declared destroyed.

Subsequently, in the seventeenth year of Emperor Yongping of the Han Ming Dynasty, 74 A.D., Chen Mu was the capital protector. The following year, Yanqi and Guizi rebelled and jointly attacked and killed Chen Mu. So he was all protected. In 91 A.D., the commander of the army, Shi Banchao, pacified the Western Regions, and then took Ban Chao as the capital to protect it, and stationed near Kuqa in the Qiancheng area of Qiuzi, Xinjiang, and its location is unknown. In fourteen years, Ban Chao returned to Luoyang, and his successors were Ren Shang and Duan Xi. In the first year of Antiyong, 107. The Western Regions are in turmoil, and the Jubilee is returned, and it has not been restored since then. In the second year of Yanguang in 123, Ban Yong was the chief history of the Western Regions, and the Western Regions were restored, so he took the long history to protect the capital.

And what can be seen from this paragraph is that it is very likely that Li Chong died in the murder of Qiuzi, because Yanqi and Qiuzi at that time may have been united.

There is a description of the defeat of Li Chong and Wang Jun in the Book of Han: "Yanqi surrendered by deception, Wang Jun divided his troops into Yanqi, and Gumo, Yuli, and Weisu rebelled against Wang Jun, and the whole army was gone. ”

Although Qiuci is not like the corresponding description of this account, like Gumo, Yuli, Weisu and other countries from the beginning, it cannot be ruled out that the Qiuci people were at least the two ends of the head at that time.

From the history of the Western Regions Protectorate, it can be seen that the Western Regions Protectorate is more like a threat to the countries of the Western Regions and a powerful existence of the Han Dynasty. And due to the declining of the Xiongnu, the Western Regions Protectorate mainly faced several powerful countries in the Western Regions. For example, Yanqi, Qiuzi, Dawan and other countries.

This also led to a strong backlash against the Imperial Protectorate by these countries once the power of the Central Plains Dynasty weakened.

This situation also appeared quite extreme in the Tang Dynasty.

In a sense, the Anxi Protectorate is an existence similar to the Western Regions Protectorate established by the Tang Dynasty in the Western Regions.

Its decline was not marked by the Anshi Rebellion, but by the development of the situation after the Battle of Talas.

The Battle of Talas is considered the largest war between the Arabs and the Tang Empire.

The main source of military power of the Anxi Protectorate is the four towns of Anxi:

The four towns of Anxi refer to the four military towns set up in the northwest region in the early Tang Dynasty and under the jurisdiction of the Anxi Metropolitan Protectorate. The four towns of Tang Anxi existed for a century and a half in history, and they played a very important role in the Tang Dynasty government's pacification of the Western Turks, the protection of the land communication arteries between China and the West, and the consolidation of the Tang Dynasty's northwest frontier. In August 640, the 14th year of Zhenguan, Tang destroyed the Gaochang Kingdom, and in September, the Anxi Protectorate was placed in the Jiaohe City of Xizhou, the site of the ancient city of Xijiaohe in Turpan, Xinjiang, to manage the military and political affairs of the Western Regions.

In the twenty-second year, after the Tang army was stationed in Qiuci State, it moved the Anxi Protectorate to Kucha, the capital of Qiuci State, and at the same time built castles in Qiuci, Yanqi southwest of Yanqi, southwest of Khotan, Xinjiang, and Shule in Kashgar, Xinjiang, and built a military town, which was protected and unified by Anxi, so it was referred to as the four towns of Anxi. After Zhenguan, the four towns of Anxi were put in place. There were also changes to the military town. In 679, in the first year of Tiaolu, after the Tang Dynasty pacified the rebellion of the ambassador Pei Xingjian, the governor of Luyan Prefecture, Ashina Duzhi and others, he replaced Yanqi with the town of Broken Leaves next to the Broken Leaf Water. Since then, the four towns of Anxi have been broken leaves, Qiuzi, Khotan, and Shule.

In a sense, the Battle of Talas was a war in which a region was fought against a great power, and it did not have the advantage of the home field.

This is also the basis for another theory: the Battle of Talas was nothing more than a skirmish between the two countries. Because judging from the strength of the troops on both sides, it is indeed more appropriate to say this, because the Tang Empire, which had not yet entered the turmoil of civil strife at that time. Or maybe the powerful Arab empire at that time did not use the forces that could show its strength to carry out this war.

And about the forces of both sides in the battle of Talas. There are three more mainstream theories:

1. 200,000 Arabs and 20,000 Tang Army; 2. 70,000 Arabs and 18,000 Tang Army; 3. 200,000 Arabs and then 300,000 troops. The Tang Dynasty expeditionary force was 18,000 people.

The first and third theories are still more of a speculation, because if the Arabs had invested so many troops to fight, the Tang army would have ended up in a total annihilation, rather than the result that thousands of officers and soldiers would have been able to break through.

Moreover, the Talas region and its vicinity were not heavily garrisoned areas of the Arab Empire, and the main forces of the Arab Empire were deployed in the area bordering the Byzantine Empire. Even if a large-scale military movement is carried out, I am afraid that it will not be possible to complete the corresponding deployment in just over two months.

Prior to this, there had been a large-scale civil war in the Arab Empire, which also had a great impact on its national strength, so it is doubtful whether the Arabs could gather 100,000 troops near the Talas region.

But if you look at the description of this. The Talas region was relatively close to the Khorasan region, and if the black-clad suppression army had not been mobilized on a large scale, its military strength could indeed reach 200,000 men.

In 747, Abu Abbas, a descendant of the Abbasids, used the power of the Persian slave Abu Muslims in Khorasan to unite with Shia Muslims and overthrow the Umayyad dynasty in 750 and 752. The Abbasid dynasty was established. At the beginning of the Abbasid dynasty, the Umayyad remnants were hunted and killed, the Abu Muslims were killed, and the Khorasan uprising was brutally suppressed. The Abbasid banners were mostly black, so Chinese history books refer to the dynasty as a black-clothed food.

This is one of the reasons why later historians adopted 200,000 troops for the Arab emperors who participated in the battle of Talas.

After the Battle of Talas, the elite troops of the Anxi Protectorate were lost, but the recovery ability of the Tang Dynasty was amazing. Only two years later. In 753, in the twelfth year of Tianbao, Feng Changqing, who was promoted to the envoy of Anxi Jiedu, attacked Palatistan in the northwest of present-day Kashmir, which was controlled by Tibet. "It shows that the strength of the Anxi Protectorate has been largely restored.

But the impact of the Battle of Talas was still very far-reaching.

After Gao Xianzhi was defeated and retreated, he was still entrusted by Xuanzong to reuse. In November 755 of the fourteenth year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled against Fanyang, and the world was in chaos. Gao Xianzhi was ordered to conquer the rebels and hold Tongguan in the face of empty defenses and unaccustomed soldiers, and this famous Goguryeo general showed his outstanding military talent and once defended the gateway to Chang'an. Unfortunately, soon Xuanzong listened to the slander and mistakenly beheaded Gao Xianzhi. After that, the Tang Dynasty gradually fell into a state of feudal separatism, and never regained its former glory, and its hegemony in the Western Regions also disappeared with the collapse of the Tang Dynasty.

Shortly after the Battle of Talas, Abu Muslim was murdered and his general Ziyad ibn Sari was executed, leading to a large-scale rebellion. On the Chinese side, due to the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion a few years later, followed by the Zhu Zhu Rebellion, the disaster of the feudal towns, the Niu and Li party disputes, and the Manna Change, the Tang Dynasty continued to fight among themselves, and their national strength was seriously depleted, so they could only give up the competition with Arabia in Central Asia.

At the same time, soon after the Battle of Talas, the Tang army continuously sent troops to operate in the Western Regions, and the countries in the Western Regions also paid tribute to the Tang Dynasty. The outbreak of the Battle of Talas was originally related to the Shi Kingdom, but soon after the war, the Stone Kingdom still fell to the Tang Dynasty. There are also many documents from the newly unearthed materials that show the military strongholds of the central Tang Dynasty and Central Asia after the Battle of Talas. Throughout the history of Tang Dynasty expansion, it was not uncommon to suffer occasional setbacks or even crushing defeats, and it was also the usual strategy of the Tang Dynasty to make a comeback after defeat.

In a sense, if it weren't for the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty might have once again sent a large army to fight against the Arab Empire for the eastern part of Central Asia.

However, history cannot be rewritten, and after the Anshi Rebellion, the Anzai Prefecture finally embarked on the road of decline to destruction.

No one knows exactly when the Anxi Protectorate finally fell, but in 790 AD, after the fall of Khotan, which was the four towns of Anxi, the Anxi Protectorate finally sounded the death knell.

Dividing line

Zhang Jiashi did not think about whether he needed to set up a military deployment organization such as the Metropolitan Protectorate.

Because the historical capital has its own inevitability.

Because whether it was the Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, or the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Imperial Protectorate became a more effective means of ruling over foreign peoples.

But after thinking about it for a while, Zhang Jiashi still gave up this idea.

There are two reasons for this:

The first reason is that the prefecture has the nature of a military feudal town. And especially after the Tang Dynasty, the Anxi Jiedu envoy was a kind of feudal town embodiment.

So Zhang Jiashi didn't want this situation to happen, so he could only give up this idea.

For Zhang Jiashi, there is a certain inevitability in the Duhu Mansion. However, once the feudal towns are divided, the danger of this inevitability will become very great.

The decline of the middle and late Tang Dynasty, in addition to the excessive authority of the eunuchs, the harm of the feudal towns was also very obvious.

The second reason is that the setting of the Metropolitan Protectorate is more of an indirect way of management. Once the power of the central region is weakened, this indirect management method will inevitably be greatly reduced, and at the same time, it will lose its own position for many reasons.

It is as if after the fall of the Beiting Metropolitan Protectorate, the Anxi Imperial Protectorate also effectively lost contact with the central system of the Tang Dynasty.

This is also the main reason why the Tang Dynasty finally gave up the Anxi Protectorate. Because it is very likely that the personnel at that time thought that even the nearest Beiting Metropolitan Protectorate had collapsed, and how could the Anxi Metropolitan Protectorate remain unfinished.

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