readx;? Amenemhart III, reign: 46 BC, 1810-1764 BC. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

In 1810 BC, Amenemhat III, son of Sinusel III, succeeded to the throne as pharaoh of Egypt.

His first pyramid was built in Tashur, but because of the instability of the foundation, there was a serious construction accident, so it is also known as the Black Pyramid. Although the king had spent 15 years building it, he eventually chose Hawala, near Faiyum, to build the second pyramid.

His second pyramid was the most structurally complex Egyptian pyramid, and after the death of the king, he was buried in Hawala. Despite this, the pyramid was eventually ransacked by tomb robbers.

During his father's reign, government institutions had been reformed, mainly dividing the country into three regions, under the direct control of the chief. Amemhat III continued to refine the system, thus limiting the power of local officials.

Although there were few wars waged during his reign and the people loved the king, the economy was depressed due to various construction projects and the reduction of the volume of water in the Nile. At the same time, the kingdom encouraged foreign construction workers (West Semites) to stay and settle in the delta, causing the local ruling order to spiral out of control.

A brief introduction to the origins of these West Semites:

In 2900 BC, the Semites migrated to Nineveh in the Silesian region of northern Mesopotamia (Iraq), and along the Arabian steppes to Syria, Palestine, the Sinai Peninsula, and the Arabian Peninsula.

Over time, the Semitic people who were distributed in northern Mesopotamia were called Eastern Semites because of their location in the east, while the Semitic people from the area west of Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean Peninsula, including the Arabian Peninsula and the Sinai Peninsula, were called Western Semites.

A branch of the West Semites was later called the Bedouins. They have been nomadic to the west, invaded the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, and settled there, posing a major threat to the security of Egypt, because of the difference in race, they were conquered by the king of the first dynasty of Egypt, Deng, and finally defeated by Deng. This was the first time Egypt was challenged by the Semites, and the challenges continued.

Far from Mesopotamia and Egypt, the centers of civilization, the West Semitic people never established their own civilization system, and most of them maintained a tribal clan system and a nomadic life, which was no different from their life in the northern steppes.

In the early days, the West Semitic and Eastern Semites were cut off by the Ebla Kingdom of Syria on the land route, so the West Semitic and Eastern Semitic gradually drifted apart, and at this time, the Eastern Semitic and Sumerian civilization began to merge, and the degree of civilization showed a leap forward.

Around 2300 BC, during the reign of King Naram-Sin, Akkadian broke the Syrian city of Ebradu and burned it, the Ebra dynasty was weakened but weakened, and the passage of the West Semites to Mesopotamia was opened.

At this time, the Sisemites first entered Mesopotamia, and these Sisemites who entered Mesopotamia were called the Amorites. In 2025 BC, they established the Larsa dynasty. It was also during this period that the ancestors of the Hebrews (a tribe of the Amorites) entered the Sumerian region. After the establishment of the Larsa dynasty, he lived in the city of your.

In 2000 BC, the West Semites invaded the Second Ebra Dynasty, broke the blockade of the Second Ebra Dynasty, occupied the entire territory of Syria, established many principalities in Syria, and the road to Mesopotamia was completely opened.

According to the Old Testament, the Jewish classic, the earliest ancestral name of the Hebrews was Abraham, a God-given name that means "father of many nations." Abraham was around the same time as Hammurabe, the sixth king of ancient Babylon, in the late 18th century BCE. From this statement, it can be concluded that he was born before 1750 BC (at the time of Hammurapi's death), tentatively in 1780 BC, when the city of your was destroyed by the war between the Larsa dynasty and the Isin dynasty and the subsequent war with the Babylonian dynasty. Abraham was forced to flee the war-torn land of Mesopotamia with his people, part of the Western Semitic Amorite tribe, and because the Syria passage to the west had been opened, he moved smoothly to Canaan, the "promised land" and "land of hope," in what is now Palestine. It is said to be a land of abundance where "milk and honey flow" everywhere.

Canaan is a small area on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea (150 miles north and south, 75 miles east and west) with high mountains and fertile river valleys. Sandwiched between Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, Persia and other great powers, it was a military and commercial transportation artery. As early as 2900 BC, a nomadic group of the Western Semites came to Canaan, named Canaanite by the place name, and gradually broke away from the nomadic life and engaged in settled agriculture, under the influence of Egypt and Ebla civilization, once created their own "Canaanite culture", and established some city-states, but never established a civilization system.

The Canaanites at that time called the invaders "Hebrews," which means "those who came from the other side of the river" ("river" refers to the Euphrates). Hebrew, translated from English. In Jewish language, the correct pronunciation of the word should be "ivri", which means "river crosser".

Abraham led his people on a long journey to Canaan. Abraham assimilated the local Canaanites with the more advanced Mesopotamian civilization, and because they were of the same race, they did not face much resistance, thus establishing the Canaanite civilization. Abraham is revered as a common ancestor by modern Jews and Arabs alike.

According to the Semitic scriptures, Abraham (pronounced Ibrahim in Arabic) had two sons:

Ishmael: (Ishmani in Arabic) The son of Abraham and his concubine Hagar. The Qur'an considers him to be the ancestor of the Arabs, and Muslims consider Ishmael to be their spiritual ancestor, but according to scientific research, only a small percentage of the Arab lineage comes from Ishmael.

Isaac: The son of Abraham and his wife Sarah. Isaac had two more sons—Jacob (later Israel; Arabic pronunciation: Jel-kubaim) and Esau (later Edom).

Esau married the daughter of Ishmael, the ancestors of the Arabs. This is not the same as in the Qur'an.

According to the Old Testament, James was the patriarch of the Jews, and Judaism considers the Old Testament to be the covenant of God and the "sons of Israel."

Regardless of whether the ancestor of the Arabs was Ishmael or Esau, both Jews and Arabs considered Abraham to be their ancestor. However, the two peoples, who share a common ancestry, have gone through many wars in the Middle East, peace in the Middle East has not yet been achieved, and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is still a conflict.

However, from the perspective of historical evolution, they were all called Hebrews at that time, and the ancestors of the later Arabs were scattered in various places, each with its own place name. The Arabic name was a name that did not exist until after the advent of Islam. The ancient Hebrews were scattered throughout the world, mainly in the Arabian Peninsula, and one of them remained in Canaan. As a result, many principalities were established, which is why Abraham is called the "father of nations". And James, Abraham's grandson, was the direct ancestor of the Jews.