readx;? Naqatale Culture Phase 1 Period: Also known as the Amrat Period, from 4000 BC to 3500 BC, the germ of private ownership and class relations appeared in Egypt. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

Private ownership was gradually established, and classes were gradually formed. From the burial situation at this time, it can be seen that in some places, the class division was very fierce.

In Negada and Hirakumpoli, painted tombs were found that were very different from the very simple tombs of ordinary people. For example, the painted tomb of Hiracompoli, made of bricks with paintings on the tomb walls, depicts scenes of war (land and water warfare), which may reflect some of the activities of the tomb owner (scholars believe it may have been a king) during his lifetime. The painting on a textile fragment found in Gebeling also reflects the situation of class division. The textile depicts boats, some paddles, and one sitting on top of it, a man of the nobility.

The second phase of the Nakatal culture, also known as the Gersai period, 3500-3200 BC.

With the establishment of private property and the formation of classes, the state emerged in Egypt. The country was small and inpopulous, and the Egyptians called it Spath, with hieroglyphic symbols that represented a piece of land intertwined with irrigation canals. In Egypt at that time, there were several such small countries. The city was built on a traffic artery and enclosed by walls to become a fortress. The royal power has been formed.

Before 3500 BC, the city-states of ancient Egypt appeared, including Thebes, Buto, Hiraconpolis, Ulphingine, Abydos, Tinis, Sais, Xois, Heliopolis, Bubastis, and Tannis.

Pottery found in some tombs belonging to this period has symbols inscribed on them, and each tomb has its own uniform symbol, which is probably a sign of its private ownership. At the end of this period, a black-roofed clay pot in tomb 1610 in Negada was found with the image of a red crown (with a cobra as its emblem) as one of the symbols of royal power.

Writing appeared during the Negada Culture2 period, but it was still very primitive.

At this time, the Egyptian state had just been formed, and the power of the nobility must still be very strong, and the power of the king was probably subject to the constraints of the nobility, and the king was not yet an absolute monarch.

In the late second phase of the Nakatal culture, the small vassal states began to annex each other, and gradually two super-large powers emerged, which unified Upper and Lower Egypt, respectively. Ancient Egyptian history entered the predynastic period.

Pre-dynasty (3200-3140 BC), also known as the Serquat dynasty or the Scorpion King (Upper Egypt).

During the long war of annexation, the narrow Nile Valley was divided into two separate kingdoms, the northern and the southern. Because the Nile River ran down the mountains from south to north, the kingdom in the middle and upper reaches of the Nile was called Upper Egypt, which is the area south of present-day Cairo, Egypt, and the kingdom along the delta of the lower Nile was called Lower Egypt, which was the area north of present-day Cairo to the Mediterranean. The place where Upper and Lower Egypt met was roughly in Memphis, southwest of present-day Cairo.

In the Upper Egyptian Dynasty, the king wore a white crown with the eagle as the protector and the white lily as the national emblem, and in the Lower Egyptian Dynasty, the king wore a red crown with the snake as the protector and the bee as the national emblem.

The dynasty that unified Upper Egypt was called the Selket dynasty,

In 3200 BC, he established the Serquat dynasty and unified Upper Egypt, proclaiming himself the Scorpion King, who was granted the throne by the Serquet-Scorpion goddess. With Serquette as the main god. The Scorpio goddess is often depicted with a balanced scorpion on her head, and is said to have petitioned innocent people, was also used as a helper for women during childbirth, and once sent seven scorpions to protect Isis from Seth's persecution. The city of Tinis is the capital.

The Scorpion King may have been both the head of administration and the head of the military, and also served as the chief priest, presiding over sacrifices, leading agriculture, and building water conservancy.

On the head of the scorpion kingship, the king wears a white crown (with an eagle as its symbol) and an oxtail on his waist, which symbolizes royal power, and his image is much taller than that of ordinary people. The ivory plates left behind at this time bear the image of prisoners of war with their hands tied, and these prisoners of war will be reduced to slavery. On the head of the Scorpion King's power, there is also a scene of slave labor. The banner on the head of this right is hung with a field that scholars believe to be an ideogram for the common people.

The Scorpion King, the honorary title of the king of Upper Egypt, is similar to the title of emperor, representing the first dynasty, and the movie "Scorpion King" is about the characters of the pre-dynastic period of Upper Egypt. The three kings of the Serquette dynasty were all known as the Scorpion King. Before Menes, his predecessor, the Scorpion King, had begun a war to unify Upper and Lower Egypt, but with little success.

Table of the thrones of the pre-dynastic Egyptian dynasties

Reigned 3200-3173 BC.

Kaka, reigned 3173-3152 BC.

In 3173 BC, Ka succeeded to the throne of Serquet.

Narmer, reigned 12 years, 3152-3140 BC.

In 3152 BC, Narmer succeeded to the throne of Selket of Ka.

The pre-Egyptian dynasty experienced a total of 3 kings and 66 years.

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First Dynasty of Egypt: BC3140~2893.

At this time, there were two different regimes that ruled Upper and Lower Egypt. But unification is crucial to Egypt's future, because in order to centralize the management of irrigation projects and to ensure the smooth flow of navigation along the Nile, a unified government is necessary.

In 3140 BC, Narmer (Menes), the third king of Serket in Upper Egypt, unified Upper and Lower Egypt. So there was his shadow in both the former and early dynasties.

A heroic figure of history and legend, Narmer was born in the city of Tinis in Upper Egypt and later inherited the throne of Serquet. After succeeding to the throne as king of Upper Egypt in 3152 BC, he waged constant wars against Lower Egypt, and the power of Upper Egypt gradually surpassed that of Lower Egypt.