readx;? In 3140 BC, Narmer decided that the time had come and led a large army to conquer Lower Egypt. Pen ~ fun ~ Pavilion www.biquge.info Narmai personally came to the front of the battle to supervise the battle and boost morale. In the midst of shouts, the military flags of both sides were intertwined. After three days and three nights of fierce fighting, the Lower Egyptian army was finally routed due to its inferior strength. The king of Lower Egypt led the remnants of his soldiers to his knees, took off his red crown and offered his hands to Narmay.

The tragic scenes of the war and the heroic deeds of the war have been lost in the long history of 5,000 years, but the results are forever recorded in history, when Narmer conquered the kingdom of Lower Egypt and was crowned in Upper and Lower Egypt, becoming the first monarch to receive the title of "King of Upper and Lower Egypt", and Menes may have issued a unified code of laws for the kingdom to stabilize its rule. Since then, successive kings have used this title for hundreds of years, and at the same time they must have a dual identity, with two coronations and two different ceremonies.

Narmer was also the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, so he held the title of king at the same time. The king's real name was Munmn, his name of Horus (the patron god of Upper Egypt was the eagle god Horus) was Narmay, and the double god name (the patron god of Lower Egypt was the snake god - the goddess Bhutto, so the patron god of Upper and Lower Egypt was the eagle god and the snake god, that is, the two gods, representing the king of Upper and Lower Egypt) was Menes. Therefore, in order to separate from the previous dynasty, Narmer was called Menes.

In the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, there is a stone tablet of Narmer (the title of King Menes of Upper Egypt), which records the history of Menes' conquest of Lower Egypt and the establishment of a unified kingdom in very fine reliefs, which is also the oldest historical record of stone carvings found in Egypt so far. From this moment on, Egypt entered the three-thousand-year-long period of the pharaohs, as the kings who ruled Egypt during this period were called pharaohs, hence the also known as the Pharaonic Era or Pharaonic Egypt.

Since Lower Egypt was relatively wealthy, the people of Lower Egypt were not without complaints about Menes' conquest, so Menes made some concessions in order to consolidate the country's long-term stability.

After the end of the war, Menes took a series of measures in order to win the support of the people of Lower Egypt, considering that he had just gained a foothold and his foundation was unstable.

He respected some of the practices of the kings of Lower Egypt during his reign and did not claim to represent ancient Egypt. It was only in Upper Egypt that he declared himself the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, and in Lower Egypt he wore the crown of Lower Egypt to show his respect for the people there.

In addition, in view of the different economic development conditions of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, Menes set up national treasury in each of the above two regions to implement independent financial management.

Menes even took care of the religious feelings of the people of Lower Egypt and allowed them to worship their own protector gods, winning the support of the people. This was very valuable at the time. During the reign of Menes, Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt each retained their own religious centers and established holy cities. All this shows that during the reign of Menes, the unity of Egypt was only preliminary and not consolidated.

The reunification of Egypt is of great significance in history, it has made the Egyptian people less devastated by war, strengthened the economic and cultural exchanges of the whole Egypt, and at the same time, Egypt has gradually formed a relatively complete and stable national system, so that Egypt has stood on the stage of world history as a whole since then. History proves that the Egyptian civilization developed rapidly after unification, surpassed the civilization of the two river basins, which were constantly disputed, and has been leading the trend of world civilization for nearly 3,000 years. The 31 dynasties of ancient Egypt began with this, as long as the Nile. However, it is generally believed that the true integration of Upper and Lower Egypt took a very long time, and it was not finally completed until the end of the Second Dynasty.

After the unification of the country, Menes, like the Sumerians, began to implement a system similar to the "divine right of kings", but the difference was that the Egyptian king claimed to be a god, which was a bolder move than the Sumerian self-deception. Later Pharaohs largely copied his practice.

At the same time, a grand "pantheon" was built, and the self-appointed gods were among them, and from then on, the gods in the pantheon only increased, but did not decrease.

As soon as a religion and an imperial government were combined, the motives of politics would greatly alter the original appearance of religion. A god or goddess is associated with the state, and he not only guarantees a good harvest, but also victory in the war. The wealthy priestly class prescribed a set of rituals and theologies, and arranged a number of gods from various parts of the empire in a pantheon.

Through the connection with the government, God also has a connection with morality. The legislators received their code from God, so to break the law was blasphemy. Throughout antiquity, this connection between morality and religion became more and more intimate.

As Menes unified all of Egypt, the pharaohs began to promote the gods of their own origins, making them the main gods to be worshipped by all of Egypt. During the Old Kingdom, the main god was the eagle god Horus, which was later changed to the sun god Ra, and during the Middle Kingdom, Amon was mainly worshipped, and during the New Kingdom, Ra and Amun were combined to form the main god Amunla. While the country was unified in the worship of the main god, the gods of the original places were still worshipped in various localities (Nome, equivalent to provinces).

According to Heliopolis' theory of the origin of the universe, the whole world was originally a chaotic water called nun. Subsequently, the god Atum rises to the surface as a mountain. The god Atum alone gave birth to twin children: Shu (Shu), the god of air, and Tefnut, the goddess of water vapor. The goddess Shu and the goddess Tefnut gave birth to the earth god Geb and the goddess of the firmament Nut (nut). The goddesses Geb and Nut gave birth to the goddesses Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Nephtis. The nine gods of Atum, Shu, Tephnut, Geb, Nuth, Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Nephtis later became a divine whole called the Nine Pillars. According to the Society of the Nine Gods, the ancient Egyptians further depicted the universe as the air god Shu holding the naked goddess Nut with his hands, and Nut's hands and feet touched the hands and feet of the supine earth god Gebu to form a space, in which the gods were located, and the stars moved on Nut's naked body. This image appears on the canopy of the tomb of the pharaoh in the Valley of the Kings. The goddess Nut appears as a naked woman, the god Shu appears as a man with a single feather on his head and holding the goddess Nut in his hands, and the god Geb marries his sister the goddess of the firmament, and gives birth to the gods Osiris and Isis, and appears as a man lying on his side on the ground.