readx;? The site of Eredu has been found to have the earliest religious building in southern Mesopotamia, the temple, which belongs to the Eredu culture. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 The plan of the info temple is rectangular, the area is not more than 4 square meters, there is a protruding part at one end of the temple, an altar is set up in the center, and the door is open at the other end of the temple. Immediately adjacent to the building there is a circular sacrificial house or sacrificial table, and there are ashes left after the sacrifice was burned.

The pottery at the Eredu site belongs to different stages of cultural development. Eridu culture pottery is characterized by monochrome pottery, which is mostly ochre, sometimes brown, black, and occasionally red, often painted with yellow and beige pottery, and is mainly decorated with geometric patterns such as bands, zebra crossings, and checkereds. The typical utensils of the Haji Muhammad culture are deep-bottomed bowls and bowls, and the surface of the vessels is mostly purple-black with a slight luster. El Beide pottery is characterized by hemispherical bowls and bizarre geometric patterns. In addition, pottery net pendants and small containers dedicated to altars have been found in the ruins.

Judging from the Sumerian clay tablets unearthed, the importance of Eretus among the Sumerians is mainly reflected in the pre-Flood.

After that, Eredu remained important, but after the Great Flood, Eredu was reduced to ruins, and no more dynasties appeared, and later developed only as an ordinary city.

Two thousand years later, J.E. (1855), R. (1918) and (1919) respectively discovered the site in southern Iraq and took the lead in excavation, and finally between 1946 and 1949, the Iraqis conducted a comprehensive excavation and research, confirming that this is the site of Eridu, the first city of the Sumerians.

Due to the diversion of the Euphrates River, salinization of the land, and historical factors, Elidu was completely abandoned around 600 BC.

Alalgar, reigned 4040-3760.

In 4040 BC, Aralagar established the Second Dynasty of Eredu.

Around 3800 BC, the Sumerian civilization also established many cities and evolved into city-states.

At this time, the Sumerians had a limited range, and were basically distributed in the Sumerian region between the two rivers in southern Mesopotamia, far south of Babylon, near the Persian Gulf.

The Sumerians successively established twelve cities or settlements of Eredu, Badtibira, Lalrak, Sipal, Obaid, Shurupak, Uruk, your, Kish, Kud, Atab, and Nipur. The vast majority of these twelve cities are located in the Sumerian region, with Eridu in the south and Nipur in the north. Only Lallak and Sipal are the only two cities in the Akkadian region.

Legend has it that the last king of the Second Dynasty of Eredu was Shakarus, who was reminded by the priests that God had prophesied that the son born to his daughter would usurp the throne of the king. Therefore, in order to prevent trouble, Shakaros locked his daughter in a tall tower and prevented her from looking for a man.

Soon after, however, the king's daughter became pregnant and gave birth to a son, and the watchmen of the tower, fearing that the king would find out, threw the baby boy out of the tower. Strangely enough, an eagle flew outside the tower, took the child away, and brought it to a farmer who raised the child to adulthood, and when he grew up, he finally seized the throne of Shakaros.

There is a problem here, if it is such a simple seizure of power, there is no need to record it, so it should actually be a change of dynasty.

Historically, it should be deduced like this:

As the grandson of the last king of Eredu, this child was raised by a farmer and seized the throne of the city of Badtibila and established the Third Dynasty of Badtibera.

Later, with the strength of the state of Badtibila, the rule of the Second Dynasty of Eredu ended. The so-called prophecy of God was fulfilled.

In 3760 BC, it was conquered by the Second Dynasty of Badtibila. The Second Dynasty of Erethus falls.

The Sumerian civilization had two centers, Eredu in the south and Nipur in the north. The cultural influences of the two centers are very different. Nipur is the holy place of Enlil. Enlil is the chief god of the underworld. The spells and magic he gives to humans can drive good ghosts and evil spirits alike. His field is in a mountain, and his products live underground.

Eredu is the sanctuary of Enki, the god of culture and goodness, the god of light and goodness, the lord of the fresh water underground, the doctor and the friend of mankind. He brought art, science, industry, and civilization to humanity. It is said that the earliest Dharma books were his creation. Originally a seaport, Eredu undoubtedly played an important role in the development of its culture through trade with the outside world and the integration of various cultures. Its worldview is related to its geographical location: it thinks that the continent emerges from the sea, just as the mouth of the Euphrates River is constantly expanding.

Even before the beginning of the record, the culture of Eredu had merged with that of Nippur. In the fusion of the two cultures, the influence of Eridu seems to be dominant.

The Sumerian temple consisted of a central hall flanked by passages, the outer of which was where the priests lived. On one side of the hall there is a raised platform with a mud-brick table dedicated to animal and vegetable sacrifices. Granaries and warehouses are generally located near temples. Later the Sumerians began to build the temple on a square platform. These high platforms were constantly raised, forming a tower temple.

Most of these cities are located along the banks of the two rivers, with only four cities, Kish, Ataab, Shulupak, and Nipur, located far from the riverbanks.

The main architectural remnant of the Sumerians is the stepped pyramid temple dedicated to Enki, built of bricks. Because they believed that the gods always dwelled high on the top of the sacred mountains, they needed to pray at the top of the pyramid so that people could approach the palace of the gods and make it easier for the gods to be worshipped. The influence of this form of worship on the plains of Mesopotamia spread rapidly and remained so for thousands of years.

The Sumerians used to build new temples on the site of the old temple, and as successive generations continued to build, the temple foundation became a multi-storey tower-shaped platform with a shrine on top. This kind of high-rise building is called "Jigurat". This brick structure illustrates its inheritance from the Indus Valley civilization. In particular, the temples of Eretus were much larger than those of other Sumerian city-states, and were the prototype for the later Tower of Babel in Babylon.

The Sumerians used walls to protect their cities, but their walls were made of mud bricks, so the enemy had enough time to dig the walls during the siege and cause them to fall.