readx;? There are many wooden and bone tools. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info

Woodware includes:

Discover the earliest wooden ornament in China, "Wood Carved Fish".

Many piles, columns, beams, boards and other building wood components were unearthed, and there were processed tenons, tenons (holes), tongues and grooves, pins, etc., which showed the outstanding woodworking technology at that time. The small squares protruding from both ends of the column are called tenons, and the holes carved out of the columns to insert the tenons are called tenons. The two types of timber joints found at the site are amazing and are still used in carpentry today. One is the tongue and groove board, the tongue and groove can be spliced together without revealing the gaps, and the tongue and groove board found in the site has a tongue on each side, which can be connected with another side of the thin plank, and now our wooden floors are still spliced in this way. The other is the pin hole, the tenon with the pin hole and the joint of the beam and column intersect vertically, and the tenon will not come out of the joint with the dowel. The construction technology of the Hemudu site can be said to have laid the foundation for Chinese wooden construction.

The wooden paddles found at the site prove that they were used for boats, and may have been used for fishing and hunting activities in addition to transportation.

The excavations of spinning wheels, cloth rolling sticks with chipping at both ends, fusiform utensils and machine knives belong to the primitive loom accessories, indicating that the Neolithic people invented primitive machinery by hand weaving.

Bone tools include:

Bone tools have utensils such as darts, fish darts, arrowheads, whistles, daggers, cones, saw-shaped tools, etc., carefully polished, and some of the handled bone daggers, bone flutes carved patterns or double-headed conjoined bird patterns, just like exquisite practical handicrafts. The most representative agricultural tool is the "bone rake", which is made from the shoulder blades of deer and buffalo.

Bone whistle: A musical instrument and a hunting tool that simulates animal sounds when hunting. In Hangzhou, Zhejiang, you can also see a kind of bamboo whistle made of small bamboo pipes and making birdsong sounds, which is obviously the remains of the Hemudu bone whistle.

The earliest lacquerware found in China has been unearthed.

Tao Xun is also the unearthed relics of Hemudu, Xun body is duck egg shaped, hollow, there is a small blowing hole at one end, it is also an ancient Chinese musical instrument, the ocarina peddled in the tourist area on the market is similar to this, but the Tao Xun of Hemudu only has blowing holes and no sound holes, which shows its primitiveness.

The social economy of Hemudu culture is mainly based on rice agriculture, and is also engaged in animal husbandry, gathering, fishing and hunting. The most representative of the agricultural tools of Hemudu culture is the extensive use of plows. There are also many animal and plant remains unearthed in the site, such as: acorns, water chestnuts, peaches, sour dates, gourds, barley rice, fungus rice and algae plant remains.

The pottery bowl resembles a wine jug, with a cupola tubular mouth in front and a horn mouthpiece in the back, and a flat half-earring in the middle. The inside and outside of the wall are polished smoothly and finely made, and there is still a high value of art appreciation today. Most experts believe that this is a drinking vessel. The appearance of wine vessels shows that the agricultural harvest is more abundant than before, and there is surplus grain to make wine.

The original artworks unearthed from the Hemudu site are not only large in number, but also have a wide range of themes, unique shapes, and rich and colorful contents. It is mainly manifested in ivory carvings and pottery ornamentation, especially some ivory carvings, with smooth lines and beautiful shapes, which are breathtaking. One of the most striking is an ivory saucer with the pattern of "Two Birds Facing the Sun", which is 16.6 cm long, 5.9 cm wide and 1.1 cm thick, with the upper half mutilated and the bottom slightly mutilated. The middle of the front is engraved with 5 concentric circles of different sizes, the upper end of the outer circle is engraved with a blazing flame pattern, symbolizing the light of the sun, and there is a bird with a hooked beak on each side to embrace the sun, and the edge of the utensil is also engraved with feathers. The image layout of the whole artifact is rigorous, the carving technology is skillful, the image is vivid and expressive, and the meaning is intriguing, which is the boutique of Hemudu's original art.

Pottery carvings. Engraved on the edge of the pottery mouth and abdomen, the content includes the sun, the moon, flowers and trees, fish, birds, insects and beasts, etc., the picture is concise and stretched, the style is simple and full of vitality, which not only reflects the beautiful emotions of the ancestors of Hemudu who love life and nature, but also reflects the inner world of the ancestors who hope that the wind and rain will be smooth and the agricultural harvest will be abundant. Representative works include fish algae pattern pottery pots, rice spike pattern pottery pots, pig pattern pottery bowls, five-leaf pattern pottery blocks, etc. These pottery with the art of carving are basically complete when they are unearthed, even if they are fragments, they are crushed in situ and can be put together completely, indicating that the ancestors of Hemudu cherished them very much, and they should be sacrificial supplies, and it is speculated that the primitive religious consciousness has sprouted among the ancestors.

Human body ornaments include juan, tubes, beads, rings, cakes, etc. Most of the ornaments such as beads and rings are made of jade and fluorite, which shimmer with pale green brilliance in the sunlight and are crystal beautiful. There are also ornaments made of the tusks or teeth of beasts, and the vertebrae of fish.

Domestic animals are mainly pigs and dogs. Broken bones and pig teeth are everywhere, and pinched chubby pottery pigs and pig ornaments carved on black pottery bowls have been found. There is a clay pot with the image of rice ears and pigs carved at the same time, which concretely and vividly reflects the reality that livestock breeding is dependent on agricultural production. Many of the bones were made from the shoulder blades of buffaloes, indicating that buffaloes had been domesticated at that time.

Yangshao Culture: The upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River basin are centered on Guanzhong, western Henan, and southern Jinnan, including the bordering areas of northwest Hubei, eastern Henan, and Gansu-Qingdao. Time: BC5000~3000 years ago. Typical sites: Banpo ruins and Dadiwan ruins of Mianchi County, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province.

The Banpo site is located in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. The economic life of Banpo residents is equal to agriculture, fishing and hunting.

The Banpo site is divided into three areas: residence, pottery and tomb, and the residential area is the main body of the village. The kilns where things are stored are distributed between the houses, and the shape is mostly small mouths and large round bags. Both livestock pens are rectangular.

Judging from the excavated house remains, the houses of the Banpo people are round and square, semi-crypt and ground-based. These houses are constructed using wood and mud, and their architectural style is as follows: there is a canopy in front of the door, just like the prototype of the "hall", and then develops into the house, forming a backward "bright room"; the partition wall forms two "secondary rooms" on the left and right, which is the form of "one light and two dark", if you observe horizontally, the compartment and the interior are divided into two parts, front and back, forming the pattern of "front hall and back room".

In the center of Banpo Village, there is a large house of about 160 square meters, after entering the door, there is an activity space in front and 3 small rooms in the back. The space in the front is a place for clan members to meet and deliberate, and the three small rooms in the back are the residences of the most respected grandmothers or clan leaders of the clan commune. At the same time, it is also a "collective dormitory" for the elderly and children. In ancient society, the palace room of "front facing and back sleeping" originated from the large house of "front hall and back room" in Banpo, with the large house as the center and surrounded by many small houses.

The square houses of the late Banpo period were developed from the early "semi-crypt type". This type of house is built entirely with a mixture of rafters, planks and clay. The whole house is supported by 12 wooden piles, and the wooden columns are arranged in 3 rows, 4 in each row, forming a regular column network, which has begun to take shape of "between".