readx;? After the death of adults in Banpo, they are buried in public cemeteries, and they are often buried with ornaments such as pottery and bone beads. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 infoAdult burials are all shallow vertical pit graves, most of which are single-person supine and straight-limbed burials, with the head facing northwest, and a few secondary burials, bent limb burials and prostrate burials.

The urn coffin for burying children is around the house in the residential area, with a bowl, basin and urn or two urns buckled opposite each other as burial tools, often in the bottom of the burial vessel cover consciously chiseled a small hole, like the soul entrance.

There are also 2 same-sex joint burial tombs. There are 2 men and 4 women buried separately, and it is generally believed to be a burial custom in a matrilineal clan society. A girl's pit tomb contains delicate and rich burial goods, with wooden plank burial utensils, indicating the love for the girl at that time.

Most of the burial goods are practical utensils and decorations for daily life, and in the late period, there are special burial vessels for the deceased.

The production tools are made of stone, bone, horn, mussel and pottery. There are axes, shovels, adzes, knives, stone grinding discs and grinding rods, arrowheads, hooks, harpoons, etc.

The household utensils are mainly pottery. The pottery is mainly red pottery, as well as red-brown pottery and a small amount of gray pottery, and there are three kinds of pottery: sand, mud and fine mud. Common pottery items include coarse sand pots, small-mouthed pointed bottom vases, and bowls. The painted pottery is very good, the red ground is black color, the pattern is concise and simple, the human face, fish, deer, plant branches and leaves and geometric patterns are painted, and some also organically combine the human face and the fish into a vivid and distinctive human face fish pattern. Cloth mat patterns and other woven prints are found on the bottom of many pottery. Two whistles (or called pottery xun) unearthed pottery, intact and preserved, are made of fine clay, the surface is smooth but uneven, gray-black.

There are often painted geometric patterns or animal-shaped patterns on the red pottery, which is the most obvious feature of Yangshao culture, so it is also called painted pottery culture. In the course of 2,000 years of development, the scale of production and process technology have been very stable. The general trend is that the clay red pottery and painted pottery gradually decreased, and the proportion of gray pottery and black pottery increased, and finally developed to the Longshan culture period, which was dominated by black pottery.

Twenty-two inscribed symbols have been found on pottery, and some believe that they may have been a primitive script.

A lot of ornaments were found, totaling more than 1,900 pieces in 9 categories. Divided by shape, there are ring ornaments, sulfur ornaments, bead ornaments, pendant ornaments, square ornaments, sheet ornaments and tubular ornaments, etc.: by function, there are hair ornaments, ear ornaments, neck ornaments, hand ornaments and waist ornaments;

Yangshao culture: The various tribes inherited the traditional production methods of various cultures in the pre-Yangshao period. Yangshao culture is in the primitive stage of hoe farming, using the method of slash-and-burn cultivation and the farming method of land rotation, and the production level is still relatively low. Agricultural production is dominated by the cultivation of millet crops. Another drought-tolerant crop ~ millet has also been discovered. Near the north bank of the Yangtze River, the site of Xiawanggang in Xichuan, Henan, traces of rice were found. Agricultural production within the scope of Yangshao culture is relatively developed, and the variety of grain crops is not only a kind of millet. For the first time, carbonized seeds of mustard or cabbage were discovered.

Livestock breeding has also advanced somewhat compared to the early Neolithic period, with pigs, dogs, and sheep raised, and a small number of horse bones have been found. Chicken bones have been found in abundance and may have been domesticated into poultry. It shows that the Banpo people lived an economic life based on agriculture, and hunting and gathering also occupied a certain position.

The clan's ancestors used a combination of netting, angling, and fork stinging. Many of the sites have painted pottery depicting fishing nets. There are often fish nets and fish patterns on the Banpo type of faience pots and other faience vessels, which are obviously a true portrayal of long-term fishing activities. Hunting methods include shooting, throwing, and group fighting, and deer are the main objects of hunting. Handicraft production, mainly pottery and stone, bone, tanning, weaving, weaving, etc.

Women are the main productive forces of the Banpo people, who are responsible for pottery, weaving, and raising livestock, while men are mostly engaged in fishing and hunting.

The second, third and fourth phases of the Dadiwan site are located in Tianshui City, Gansu Province. It belongs to the Yangshao cultural range, BC4500~3000 years.

The scale of the house building is magnificent, and the shape is complex, and it is called "a living fossil" in the history of the development of Chinese prehistoric architecture. The houses at the Dadiwan site are mostly made of white ash and a variety of pillar foundation construction methods, which fully shows the improvement of productivity and the development of construction technology at that time.

The building numbered F901, which has the main room and side rooms, as well as the back room and the outbuildings in front of the door, is the landmark building of Dadiwan, and is the largest house with the highest level of craftsmanship in China's prehistoric period. Its good preservation, large scale, complex structure and exquisite craftsmanship are all seen in Chinese prehistoric architecture.

Even more amazing is the fact that in the main room, which covers an area of more than 130 square meters, the floor is paved with a type of concrete similar to modern cement. After research, its chemical composition and physical properties are equivalent to the strength of today's No. 100 cement mortar floor. Chinese and Japanese experts agree that this building material is currently the oldest concrete in the world.

Beneath the concrete floor, a prototype of a modern "synthetic light aggregate" building material was used that kept warm from moisture and had a solid foundation. This complex building with a total area of 420 square meters created a precedent for palace-style architecture in later generations.

F405 large house, is a large building with three doors and a corridor with eaves, its site area of 270 square meters, indoor area of 150 square meters, flat ground building, wood bone mud wall, its restoration drawing is a four-slope roof house. The scale of this house can be said to be unique in the Chinese Neolithic archaeological culture.

What's more striking is that the F411 house is also painted on the living surface, the pattern is composed of people and animals, it is the earliest independent ground painting in China, clearly and intact on the ground in the residential house, such a well-preserved large-scale original painting, in China's Neolithic remains and prehistoric archaeology are extremely rare, can be called the originator of Chinese painting.

Pottery has red pottery, gray pottery, painted pottery, hand-kneading, dressing and molding, wheel making, sand-filled pottery, clay pottery, small, medium and large utensils, such as bowls, pots, basins, bottles, cups, zun and so on. The pottery is decorated with rope patterns, arcs, triangles, stripes, and hook leaf patterns, variant fish patterns, bird patterns, realistic patterns and frog patterns of two beasts, dots, lines, arcs, and geometric figures, etc., and purple-red, black, white, and vermilion paintings.

Thirty-five kiln sites for pottery were discovered. A number of splendid and dazzling faience pottery have been unearthed, among which there are many artistic treasures. Such as a series of interesting fish pattern basins, the modeling, sculpture, painting art harmoniously knead together the human head-shaped mouth faience vase. The second phase of the unearthed human head-shaped mouth faience vase, 31.8 cm high, the bottle mouth is a rare sculpture in the shape of a human head, the shape of which symbolizes a mother's belly. The whole piece of pottery integrates modeling, sculpture and painting art, and is considered to be one of the representative works of Chinese prehistoric sculpture art.