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Among the writings of soldiers, the most influential is undoubtedly Sun Wu's "The Art of War". Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info copy URL access %77%77%77%2e%76%6f%64%74%77%2e%63%6f%6d

If the writings of the military are collated, the most recognized is the "Seven Books of the Martial Arts".

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"The Art of War", also known as "The Art of War", "The Art of War", "The Book of War", "The Book of Soldiers", "The Book of the Soldiers", etc., is the earliest existing military book in China, and it is also the earliest military work in the world, and is known as the "holy book of military science". The philosophies of Taoism and military are expressed everywhere. There are about 6,000 words in total, and there are thirteen articles in total.

"The Art of War" is a brilliant treasure in China's ancient military cultural heritage, an important part of the excellent traditional culture, its content is broad and profound, the ideology is sophisticated and rich, the logic is meticulous and rigorous, and it is the concentrated embodiment of the essence of ancient military thought. The author is Sun Wu, a general of Wu who was originally from Le'an in Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period.

The Tao of "The Art of War" is more like a form of theoretical development, which can be said to be in line with some of Sun Wu's life records.

In "The Art of War", Sun Wu did not have too many actual combat conclusions, but mainly based on battlefield speculation.

Sun Wu (c. 545 B.C. - c. 470 B.C.): Changqing, a native of Le'an, Qi State, a famous military strategist and politician in the Spring and Autumn Period of China, honored as the soldier saint or grandson (Sun Wuzi), known as "the teacher of the hundred generations of soldiers" and "the originator of oriental military science".

It was active from the end of the sixth century BC to the beginning of the fifth century BC. From Qi to Wu, recommended by Wu Guo's important minister Wu Yuan (Wu Zixu), he presented thirteen articles on the art of war to Wu Wang Lu, and was reused as a general. He once led the army of Wu to defeat the army of Chu, occupied Yingcheng, the capital of Chu, and almost destroyed Chu.

The first relevant record of the "Art of War" is after Wu Zixu recommended Sun Wu to the king of Wu, and Sun Wu's actual combat record was after 512 BC.

In 512 BC (the third year of the reign of King Wu Lu), King Wu Lu consulted with the soldiers and prepared to march westward.

At this time, the soldiers "recommended seven grandsons". made He Lu agree to meet Sun Wu. While in seclusion, Sun Wu had already written The Art of War. He brought his art of war to see King Wu, and he secretly admired it. King Wu appointed Sun Wu as a general of Wu, and often discussed various military and political issues with Sun Wu, and obtained satisfactory answers.

By 508 BC (the seventh year of the reign of King Wu Lu), Wu adopted Sun Tzu's strategy of "cutting off diplomatic relations" and instigated Tongguo. Make it rebellious. Then, he made Shu Jiu deceive the Chu people and said: "Chu Ruo will come to Wu with a teacher." Wu is afraid of the power of Chu, and can be used as a substitute for Chu. In October, the Wu army took advantage of the unpreparedness of the Chu people to defeat the Chu division Yu Yuzhang, and then conquered the nest and captured the Chu guard of the nest alive.

By 506 BC (the ninth year of the reign of King Wu Lu), the Wu army adopted Sun Tzu's strategy of "fighting the enemy because of food", ate the food of the Chu people and continued to chase after him. Finally, under the direct command of Sun Wu and Wu Yuan, after five major battles, it only took more than ten days to attack Chu Duying.

After the death of the Closed House. Succeeded by his husband, he was determined to take revenge. Sun Wu, Wu Yuan and other ministers continued to assist Fu Cha, and worked hard to accumulate money and grain, enrich the treasury, manufacture weapons, and expand the army, after three years. Wu's national power was restored.

In 494 BC, King Goujian of Yue attacked the state of Wu. The Wu army, planned by Wu Yuan and Sun Wu, arranged many "fraudulent soldiers" at night, divided into two wings, lit torches, and attacked the Vietnamese army, and the Vietnamese army was quickly defeated. After suffering several defeats in a row. Gou Jian had no choice but to ask Wu for peace in humiliation.

In Sun Wu's later years, his close friend Wu was killed by his husband. Sun Wu was in his fifties when he was killed, and he no longer contributed to Wu's foreign war planning, but instead lived in seclusion in the countryside and revised his writings on the art of war. Soon after the soldiers were killed, Sun Wu may have died because of his worries about the country and the people. He died around 480 B.C.E. From retirement to the end of his life, Sun Wu never left the state of Wu, and was buried in the suburbs of Wu after his death.

There are also historical records that he was killed and died, either because he was angry with the fucha and was killed because he was a friend of the soldier.

From these accounts, it can be seen that Sun Wu was most likely a natural general, because although he was inexperienced in battle, he did not have a record of defeat.

Of course, Sun Wu's career was not all smooth sailing, at least when he faced Ye Gong, a famous general of Chu State, he was delayed by the other party for a long time.

Sun Wu emphasized that the victory or defeat of a war does not depend on ghosts and gods, but is related to factors such as political clarity, economic development, diplomatic efforts, military strength, and natural conditions. Sun Wu not only believed that the world existed objectively, but also believed that things in the world were constantly moving and changing, and stressed that in war, we should actively create conditions to give full play to people's subjective initiative and promote the transformation of opposites in a direction favorable to oneself.

It is precisely because Sun Wu summarized and summed up an unusually rich and multifaceted philosophical truth in the specific science of military science that he established his position alongside Confucius and Lao Tzu in the ideological circles of the late Spring and Autumn Period, and was called the three bright stars in the ideological circles of the late Spring and Autumn Period. Sun Wu's military theory is not without shortcomings and mistakes, but it far surpasses the works of the art of war of his contemporaries, and has also deeply influenced later generations with his outstanding insights, and has been widely respected by ancient and modern Chinese and foreign military strategists.

And there are two legends about Sun Wu, one is the famous killing Ji whole army:

After Sun Zijin met King Wu, he presented thirteen military books. After King Wu saw it, he was full of praise. In order to investigate Sun Tzu's ability to command troops, King Wu selected more than 100 palace maids to be trained by Sun Tzu. Sun Wu divided the palace maids into two teams, the left and right, designated the two most favored Meiji of King Wu as the left and right captains, and at the same time assigned his own drivers and escorts to serve as military officials and be responsible for enforcing military law. But the palace maids didn't listen to the order, laughed heartily, and the formation was chaotic. Sun Wu summoned the military officials and beheaded the two captains according to the art of war. When King Wu saw that Sun Wu was going to kill his Aiji, he immediately sent someone to send an order saying: The widow already knows that the general can use soldiers. Without these two beauties waiting, there is no taste for the widow to eat. Ask the general to pardon them. Sun Wu said mercilessly: "Since the minister is appointed as a general, he will be in the army, and the king's order is not subject to it." Sun Wu insisted on killing the two captains, appointed the leaders of the two teams as captains, and continued to train.

When Sun Wu beat the drum again and gave the order, all the palace maids went back and forth, left and right, advanced and retreated, kneeling and rolling, all in accordance with the rules, and the formation was very neat. He lost his love for him. The heart is unhappy. Sun Wu saw He Lu and said: "Orders are forbidden, rewards and punishments are clear, this is the common law of soldiers, and it is the general rule of generals to govern the army." The soldiers must be dignified, only in this way will they obey the orders, and the battle can defeat the enemy. Listened to Sun Wu's explanation. King Wu's anger dissipated, and he worshipped Sun Wu as a general. Under Sun Wu's training. The military quality of Wu's army was significantly improved, and it eventually became one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period.

And the other is an allusion to the heirloom:

In 506 B.C., Wu led the army unexpectedly, went against the Huai, and went straight into the Han River, intending to take the capital of Chu. However, looking at it from the other side, the enemy was outnumbered, and 60,000 Wu troops rushed thousands of miles away. Fatigue is showing day by day, and the morale of the army is declining. Wu Cha, think about it.

One day, the war is coming, Wu Zhao's self-brewed wine is listed in front of the army, and the aroma of the wine is overflowing, refreshing people's hearts. The sergeant rejoiced. The whole army is productive. Smell it. Wine boomed. The taste is wonderful, and the fatigue of several days is gone. The morale of the army was greatly boosted. Seeing this, the martial artists withdrew the fine wine, the righteous color road, such fine wine, and the rain from heaven. The next day, the drums beat everywhere, and the Wu army was like a fierce tiger, defeating the Chu army five times, and finally broke through Yingcheng and returned with a great victory. This fine wine for military commanders. of the chariots. Feast the whole army with Chu Yu. After that, Wu every victory will give this wine to the sergeant. This wine is also offered as a tribute to the king of Wu. Wang was overjoyed and shocked by the dew. Later, this wine was named after Wu, and Sun Wu's heirloom was called "Sun Wu Banquet" after drinking.

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Compared with most of the military books in the Seven Books of the Book of Martial Arts, the "Art of War" has a very serious tendency to theory, and what can be compared with "The Art of War" in this point is the "Sima Law" compiled by Sima Sui Tho.

Sun Wu himself was a nobleman of the Qi State, and the possibility that he came into contact with the Sima Law was not impossible. Therefore, in this respect, the Art of War may have some of the content that Sun Wu borrowed from the Sima Law.

The content of Sun Tzu's Art of War is mainly composed of thirteen articles, some of which are:

"The Beginning of the Plan":

Sun Tzu said: Soldiers, the major affairs of the country, the place of death and life, and the way of survival, must not be ignored.

Therefore, the scriptures are based on five things, and the school is based on calculations to find out their feelings: one is the Tao, the second is the sky, the third is the earth, the fourth is the general, and the fifth is the law. The Taoist makes the people agree with the superiors, so they can die with it, they can live with it, and they are not afraid of danger. The heavens, yin and yang, cold and heat, and the time system. The earth, far and near, dangerous, wide and narrow, dead and alive. Generals, wisdom, faith, benevolence, courage, and strictness. The law, the bend system, the official way, and the main use. All these five will be unheard, those who know will win, and those who do not know will not win. Therefore, the school used its plan to find out the situation, and said: Who has the way, who has the ability, who has the ability to win the heavens and the earth, which law is enforced, which is the strength of the soldiers, who is the training of the soldiers, and which is the reward and punishment?

They will listen to my plan, use it to win, and keep it, and if they do not listen to my plan, they will lose if they use it, and they will go.

Calculating profit to listen is the momentum of the situation, in order to support it. The powerful are also controlled by profit. Soldiers, treacherous ways. Therefore, it can be shown that it cannot be used, it is not used and it is not used, it is shown far away when it is near, and it is shown that it is near when it is far away; it is tempting to benefit it, it is taken from chaos and it is taken in chaos, it is prepared for it, it is strong and avoided, it is scratched by anger, it is humble and arrogant, it is hard to work for it, and it is close to it. Attack it unprepared, take it by surprise. The victory of this soldier cannot be passed on first.

The husband who does not fight and the temple is counted as the victor, and the person who does not fight and the temple is not victorious, it is counted as less. More wins, less wins, and nothing counts! From this point of view, victory or defeat can be seen.

"Combat Chapter":

Sun Tzu said: Where the method of war is used, thousands of cars are galloped, thousands of leather cars are taken, 100,000 armor is taken, and thousands of miles of food are fed. Then the internal and external expenses, the use of guests, the material of glue paint, the dedication of the car armor, the daily cost of thousands of gold, and then 100,000 teachers.

Its use of war is also, noble victory, long dull soldiers are frustrated, siege is forced, long violent division is insufficient for the country. If the husband is blunt and the soldiers are frustrated, and the princes take advantage of their disadvantages, although there are wise people who cannot be good at it. Therefore, the soldiers heard it quickly, and they did not see the coincidence for a long time. Those who have been serving for a long time and the country are not there. Therefore, those who do not fully understand the harm of using troops cannot fully understand the benefits of using soldiers.

Those who make good use of the soldiers, no longer serve in the country, and the food is not used for three years, because the food is in the enemy, so the military food can be sufficient. Those who are poor in the country will lose far to the teacher, and the people will be poor if they lose far away; those who are close to the teacher will sell expensively, and if they sell expensively, the people will be exhausted, and if the wealth is exhausted, they will be anxious to serve in the hills. The cost of the people, the cost of the public family, the broken army and the horse, the armor and arrows, the halberd, the shield, the spear, the ox cart, the six out of ten. Therefore, the wise general will eat the enemy, eat the enemy for one minute, and be my twenty minutes; Therefore he who kills the enemy is angry, and he who takes advantage of the enemy. Goods also. The car battle gets more than ten cars, and the first winner is rewarded and the flag is more. The car is miscellaneous and multiplied, and the good is raised, which is said to defeat the enemy and become stronger.

Therefore, the soldier is expensive, not long.

Therefore, the general of the army, the commander of the people, and the lord of the country's security.

"Seeking Attack":

Sun Tzu said: The law of the husband using soldiers. The whole country is the first, the country is second, and the whole army is the first. The second is to break the army, the whole brigade is the first, the second is to break the brigade, the whole army is the first, the second is to break the army, the whole army is the first, and the army is second. Therefore, a hundred battles are won, and the good are not good, and the soldiers who surrender without a fight are also the good ones.

Therefore, the army is attacked, the second is the enemy, the second is the army, and the next is to attack the city. The method of siege. As a last resort. Repair the oar, with equipment, three months and then become, distance from the trench, and then three months and then be. The one who will be overwhelmed by the anger and the ants will possess it, and the one who kills one-third of the soldiers and the city will not be pulled out, and this attack will also be a disaster.

Therefore, make good use of soldiers. The soldiers of the people are not wars, the cities of the people are not attacked, and the country of people is destroyed instead of for a long time, and they will fight for the whole world, so the soldiers will not stop, and the benefits will be complete. This method of attack is also.

Therefore, the method of using soldiers, ten is to surround it, five is to attack it, and the multiple is divided, the enemy can fight, the few can escape, and if not, it can be avoided. Therefore, the strength of the small enemy. The capture of the great enemy.

The husband and the general, the auxiliary of the country, the auxiliary Zhou will make the country strong, and the auxiliary gap will make the country weak.

Therefore, the reason why the monarch suffers from the army is that he does not know that the army can not be called advancing, and he does not know that the army cannot retreat and is called retreating, which is called the army. Those who do not know the affairs of the three armies but are in the same position as the three armies are confused. If you don't know the power of the three armies and the responsibilities of the three armies, the sergeant is suspicious. If the three armies are confused and suspicious, the princes will be in difficulty. It is said that the rebel army wins.

Therefore, there are five ways to win: those who know what they can fight and those who can't fight win, those who know the use of the many and the few win, those who want the same from top to bottom win, those who treat others with fear win, and those who can win but do not conquer. These five are the way to win.

Therefore, it is said: Knowing the other and knowing oneself will not be defeated in a hundred battles, knowing oneself without knowing the other, winning and losing, not knowing the other, not knowing oneself, and dying in every battle.

"Military Form":

Sun Tzu said: Those who are good at fighting in the past are invincible first, and then they can be defeated by the enemy. You can't win against yourself, but you can win against the enemy. Therefore he who fights well can be invincible, and he who cannot make the enemy invincible. Therefore, it is said: victory can be known, but not done.

Those who cannot be defeated will defend it, and those who can be victorious will attack it. The rules are insufficient, but the offense is more than enough. Those who are good defenders are hidden under the nine earths, and those who are good at attacking are moving above the nine heavens, so they can protect themselves and win all.

Seeing victory is not known to all, and the good who is not good is also good, and the world is said to be good, and the good is not good. Therefore, there is no much power in the autumn, seeing the sun and the moon is not bright, and hearing thunder is not deaf. The so-called good fighters in ancient times are better than easy to win. Therefore, the victory of those who are good at fighting has no wisdom and no bravery, so they defeat those who are not good, and those who are not good will be victorious, and those who have been defeated will also be victorious. Therefore, those who are good at fighting are invincible, and they will not lose the defeat of the enemy. Therefore, the victorious army wins first and then seeks battle, and the defeated army fights first and then seeks victory. Those who make good use of soldiers, cultivate the Tao and protect the law, so they can be the government of victory and defeat.

The Art of War: One is the degree, the second is the quantity, the third is the number, the fourth is the weighing, and the fifth is the victory. The degree of birth, the amount of birth, the number of births, the number of births, the number of births, and the victory of births. Therefore, if the victorious soldier is called Eridium, if the defeated soldier is called Eridium in baht. The victor of the battle is also the people, if the water is accumulated in the stream of a thousand people, the shape is also.

"Troop Chapter":

Sun Tzu said: Whoever governs the crowd is like ruling the widow, the score is also; fighting the crowd is like fighting the widow, and the name is also; the crowd of the three armies can make those who are bound to be defeated by the enemy and not defeated, and the addition of the soldiers, such as those who throw eggs with a shackle, is also the truth and the falsehood.

Those who fight, with the right fit, with the odd victory. Therefore, those who are good and surprising are as infinite as heaven and earth, and inexhaustible as rivers and seas. In the end, the sun and the moon are also. Death and resurrection, four o'clock is also. The sound is not more than five, the change of the five tones is not invincible, the color is not five, the change of the five colors is invincible, the taste is not five, the change of the five flavors is invincible, the battle situation is not strange, the change of the strange is not invincible. Qi is born together, such as the gratuitous cycle, who can be poor!

The disease of the torrent water, as for the drifter, is also powerful, and the disease of the bird, as for the destroyer, the knot. Therefore, those who are good at fighting are dangerous, and their knots are short. The momentum is like a crossbow, and the knots are like a start. One after another, the fight is chaotic but not chaotic, chaotic, round and invincible. Chaos is born in governance, cowardice is born in bravery, and weakness is born in strength. Controlling chaos, numbering, courage, strength, strength, form.

Therefore, whoever is good at moving the enemy will follow the form, and if he gives it, the enemy will take it. Move it with profit, and treat it with a pawn. Therefore, those who are good at fighting seek it from the situation, and do not blame others, so they can choose people and let the situation go. Those who are in power are also their fighters, such as turning wood and stone. The nature of wood and stone, peace is quiet, danger is moving, square is stopped, and circle is lined.

Therefore, the momentum of good fighters, such as turning a round stone in the mountain of a thousand people, is also powerful.

"Fiction and Reality":

Sun Tzu said: Those who are on the battlefield first and treat the enemy will be discouraged, and those who will be on the battlefield and tend to fight will work, so those who are good at fighting will cause others but not others. Those who can make the enemy come to him will also benefit, and those who can make the enemy unable to reach will also harm him, so that the enemy can work for him, be full of hunger, and be able to move safely. Going out of the way, tending to what it doesn't expect. Those who travel thousands of miles without working will also walk in a land where no one is man.

Those who attack and must take will attack what they do not defend, and those who defend will be fortified will defend what they do not attack. Therefore, the enemy does not know what he is defending, and he who is good at defending does not know what he is attacking. Little, as for the invisible. God is divine, as for silence, so it can be the enemy's command. And then those who cannot be prevented will rush to their emptiness, and those who retreat and cannot be chased. It's out of reach. Therefore, if I want to fight, and the enemy has to fight with me even though he has a high base and a deep ditch, he who has to fight with him will be saved by attacking him;

Therefore, if I am invisible and formless, I will be the enemy. I am one and the enemy is divided into ten, and if we attack one of them with ten, then we will be outnumbered by many and the enemy will be outnumbered; If the place where we are fighting is unknowable and unknowable, then the enemy has many of them, and if the enemy has many of them, then there are few of them with us.

Therefore, the front is the back of the widow, the back of the preparation is the front of the widow, the left is the right of the widow, the right of the left is the left, everything is prepared, then everything is not widowed. He who prepares others is also the few, and he who prepares others for himself is also the many.

Therefore, if you know the place of war, you can fight for thousands of miles on the day of war. If you don't know the battlefield, you don't know the day of the war, then the left can't save the right, the right can't save the left, the front can't save the back, the back can't save the front, and the far ones are tens of miles, and the near ones are several miles?

In my way, although there are many soldiers of the Yue people, they are also beneficial to victory and defeat? Although the enemy is numerous, there can be no fight. Therefore, the strategy knows the gains and losses, the reason for the movement and stillness, the form and the place of death and life, and the angle and knows the shortcomings. Therefore, the form of the soldier is extreme, as for the invisible. If it is invisible, it cannot be seen in the depths, and the wise cannot plan. Because of the form, the mistake is better than the many, and the man cannot know, and everyone knows the form of my victory, and I don't know the form of my victory. Therefore its victory is no longer over, but should be in infinity.

The image of the soldier is water, the shape of water, avoiding the high and tending down, the shape of the soldier, avoiding the real and hitting the void. The water is controlled by the land, and the soldiers are defeated by the enemy. Therefore, the army is impermanent, the water is impermanent, and those who can win due to the change of the enemy are called gods.

Therefore, the five elements are impermanent, the four times are impermanent, the days are short and long, and the months are dead and alive.

(To be continued.) )

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