readx;?? Although the lineage of the military family is not as long as that of Confucianism, there is no doubt that its existence has been much longer than that of novelists and even Mohists. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 info words * love * first * hair * music * words * love * first * hair [Legend has it that the girls who come to read the book will cross]

The real time of the demise of soldiers may be in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, because after the middle and late Tang Dynasty, such as the "Seven Books of Wujing", which has a relatively large influence on military works, can be regarded as no longer existing in the subsequent history.

As for the reason for the demise of this kind of soldier, Zhang Jiashi couldn't see it from the Qingyu Spirit Book. But it can be seen from one point, that is, in the middle and late Tang Dynasty and even the turbulent times of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, there was no famous general who could have a long-term impact in many aspects, which may be regarded as evidence that the military family has declined or even died out.

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"Seven Books of Martial Arts" can be said to be the essence of the works of soldiers.

However, according to Zhang Jiashi's understanding, although the "Seven Books of Wujing" is composed of the following military books: "The Art of War", "The Art of War of Wu Zi", "Liutao", "Sima Law", "Three Strategies", "Wei Xuanzi", and "Li Weigong Asks Right".

It's just that aside from the pseudo-books that are likely to be written in the name of Jiang Ziya by later generations: "Three Strategies" and "Liutao", "Sima Fa" should be the first recognized work of the soldiers.

Sima Law is one of the important military works of the pre-Qin period. The Great Sima of the Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties (there was no Great Sima in the Qin Dynasty) can be understood as the modern Minister of National Defense, and the "Sima Law" literally interprets it as the combat regulations issued by the Ministry of National Defense.

These regulations are said to have been compiled by Sima Sui Tho of the Qi State and are the oldest surviving military thoughts, older than the famous "Art of War". It preserves some very classical combat principles in the early Spring and Autumn Period, and has a strong aristocratic color, such as "running no more than a hundred steps" and "indulging in Sui but three rounds".

According to the "Historical Records: The Biography of Sima Sui Tho", it is recorded: "King Qi Wei (356-320 BC) made the doctor follow the ancient Sima Art of War and attached it to it, because it was called "Sima Sui Tho The Art of War". "The Han Dynasty had a high opinion of Sima Fa. During the time of Emperor Wu, "the official who is still martial is selected, and the rank is compared to the doctor". Sima Qian praised the "Sima Law" as "far-reaching, although three generations of conquests." failed to fulfill its meaning, as its text also. (See "Historical Records: The Biography of Sima Sui Tho"). According to the records of the Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles, the Sima Law had a total of 155 volumes at that time. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the works of Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, Cao Cao and others all cited Sima Law as an important document to verify the military system of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period.

Between the Jin and Tang Dynasties, Du Pre, Jia Gongyan, Du You, Du Mu and others. It is also mostly based on the "Sima Law". It can be seen that Sima Fa still had the reputation of being a military authority at that time. Fengzhong of the Song and Yuan dynasties (1078-1085 AD) listed the Sima Law as one of the Seven Books of the Book of Martial Arts and promulgated martial arts. It is set as a must-read book for general schools, and its importance is not reduced in the Tang Dynasty.

Until the Qing Dynasty, Yao Jiheng, Gong Zizhen and others were suspected of being fake books. However, a closer examination of the issues they are questioning is clearly not well founded.

"Sima Fa" has been circulated for more than 2,000 years, and many have died, and only five articles remain. But in these remaining five articles. It also records some ancient combat principles and methods from the Yin and Zhou dynasties to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which provides important information for us to study the military thinking of that period.

"Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" said: "Those who are soldiers are covered with the post of Gu Sima, and the military equipment of the royal officials is also." “

"Historical Records: Taishi Gong's Self-Preface" said: "Since ancient times, there has been the "Sima Law" by kings. "Sima", as the name of the official, has not yet appeared in the oracle bone inscription of Yinxu, but originated in the Zhou Dynasty. So. Sima Fa is supposed to be a work on the art of war of the Zhou Dynasty. Song Chen Shidao said: "The so-called "Sima Art of War" of the ancients, and the political code of Zhou. Wang Yinglin said: "The ancients "Sima Law", that is, the political code of Zhou. "That's right.

It shows that it is not a work of military theory, but includes a system of rules and regulations such as military law, military etiquette, military regulations, and ordinances, and has the nature of a military canon. Because it comes from the "Sima Law", it is called the "Sima Law".

"Sima Law" has been lost by the beginning of the Warring States period. Therefore, King Qi Wei "made the doctor pursue the ancient "Sima Art of War", and attached Sima Sui Tho's works to it and compiled "Sima Sui Tho's Art of War". Therefore, "The Art of War" includes not only the content of the ancient "Sima Law", but also Sima Sui Tho's interpretation of the "Sima Law" and his own writings.

"Sima Sui Tho Art of War" to the Han Dynasty has been abbreviated as "Sima Art of War". Sima Qian said: "Yu read "Sima Art of War", the outline is far-reaching, although three generations of conquest. Failed to fulfill its righteousness. Liu Xin's "Seven Strategies" classified "Sima Art of War" into "Military Writings", while Ban Gu's "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" classified "Sima Art of War" into the category of "Rites" and wrote "Military Rites Sima Law", with as many as 155 articles.

However, in the Tang Dynasty, many chapters of the Sima Law had been lost, from 155 to dozens. After entering the Song Dynasty, it was reduced to five, that is, the current biography "Sima Law".

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Speaking of "Sima Law", one person has to be mentioned.

Tian Sui Tho (birth and death unknown), also known as Sima Sui Tho, a native of Qi in the late Spring and Autumn Period, is a descendant of Tian Wan (Chen Wan) and a branch of the Qi Tian family.

Tian Sui Tho is a famous military strategist who succeeded Jiang Shang and led the Qi army to repel the invading army of Jin and Yan, and was named the Great Sima for his merits, and his descendants are called Sima Shi. Later, because Qi Jinggong listened to slander, Tian Sui Tho was deposed, and died of depression. Due to its age, its deeds have not been circulated much, but its military ideas have had a huge impact.

During the Tang Dynasty, ten famous generals with outstanding martial arts in history, such as Tian Sui Tho, were enshrined in the temple of King Wucheng, known as the Ten Philosophers of Wumiao. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty posthumously honored Tian Sui Tho as the Marquis of Hengshan, and was one of the seventy-two generals of the Song Wu Temple.

During the reign of Duke Jing of Qi, the Jin State attacked the Acheng and Zhen cities of the Qi State, and at the same time, the Yan State invaded the south bank of the Yellow River of the Qi State. The Qi ** team was defeated. Qi Jinggong was very worried about this, and it was difficult to sleep and eat.

One day, the doctor Yan Ying quietly came to Qi Jinggong and recommended Tian Sui Tho to him, saying: "Although Tian Sui Tho was born in the middle room of the Tian family, he is a person who can be convincing in literature and can deter the enemy in martial arts, and I hope that the king can try his talents." ”

So, Qi Jinggong summoned Tian Sui Tho, talked with him about military affairs, admired his talent very much, and appointed him as a general to lead the troops against the armies of Jin and Yan.

Tian Sui Tho told Qi Jinggong: "As a minister, I was originally lowly, and the king selected me from among the commoners. If I put myself above the doctors, the soldiers will not be able to come close to me, the people will not be able to trust me, and if I am humble, my power will be despised. I hope that there will be ministers favored by the king and people respected by the state to serve as supervisors of the army, so that it will be possible. ”

Qi Jinggong agreed to Tian Sui Tho's request. It was decided to send Zhuang Jia, a favored minister, to take on this important task.

After Tian Sui Tho resigned to Qi Jing, he went to Zhuang's mansion to visit Zhuang Jia. And agreed with Zhuang Jia: gather at Yingmen at noon the next day and set off.

The next day, Tian Sui Tho came to the barracks in advance, set up the benchmarks and drips of the observation time, and waited for Zhuang Jia [6]. At the same time, the village was bustling with activity. Zhuang Jia's friends heard that he was going on an expedition and came to see him off. This one wishes Zhuang Jia Qi a victory, and the horse will be successful; the one who said that the king chose you to be the prison army, and the Qi army will definitely be invincible and invincible. said Zhuang Jia flutteringly. Very proud.

Zhuang Jia has always been arrogant, this time, he thought that he was leading his own army and supervising the army, and he didn't take the time agreed between Tian Sui and him seriously at all. So, he left his friends who had come to see him off and drank wine. His men reminded him, but he was still unimpressed.

It's noon. The sun shines brightly. Military flags fluttered in the square of the barracks, and soldiers from several phalanxes lined up neatly and ready to go. Tian Sui Tho knocked down the benchmark, put the water in the drip, and stood on the high platform to look out of the camp, but still did not see Zhuang Jia's figure. He asked the adjutant general to send someone to invite the superintendent of the army, and he went to the barracks alone to direct the drills, inspect the troops, and announce military regulations and military discipline.

In the Zhuang Mansion, everyone was drinking drunk. Zhuang Jia greeted his friends with a flushed face, and Mending came to report that it was past noon. A soldier came at the door to invite the adults to go to the barracks to supervise the army. Zhuang Jia listened, dismissed, and mocked: "Xiao Pingtou is a general, and he always uses chicken feathers as arrows, is time so important?

In the afternoon, on the square of the Qi army camp, the soldiers who had completed the drill were still lined up in a neat square, waiting for the order to leave. Tian Sui Tho looked at the sun that was about to set and said: "Two hours have passed, and Deputy General Lao has personally gone to Zhuangfu, and he must tell the supervisor in person that the soldiers have been waiting for him for a long time. ”

When the deputy general came to Zhuangfu, he saw that a group of people inside had drunk and messed up. When Zhuang Jia saw the adjutant general coming in, he shook his body and accused: "Bold! Why did you trespass without permission?" The adjutant general reported to Zhuang Jia, saying that he had come to ask the adults to go to the barracks to supervise the army on the orders of Tian Sui Tho. Zhuang Jia said impatiently: "You go back and tell him first, just say that I will be there soon." ”

Suddenly, there was a quick report, and another city was lost. After hearing this, Tian Sui Tho frowned, and was ready to go to Zhuang Mansion to invite Zhuang Jia in person. At this moment, Zhuang Jia got out of the carriage and staggered into the gate of the barracks. Tian Sui Tho stepped forward quickly and accused Zhuang Jia of why he did not come to the barracks at the agreed time. Zhuang Jia said with a smile as if nothing had happened: "A few friends saw them off and drank some wine with them, so they were late." ”

Tian Sui Tho could no longer hold back the anger in his heart, and said solemnly: "Lord Supervisor, do you know that the day a general receives an order, he should forget his family, when the army announces discipline, he should forget his parents, and when he picks up a drumstick and beats the drum, he should forget his own life. Now the enemy army has penetrated deep into the territory of our Qi country, the country is in danger, the lives of the people are devastated, and the king is also unable to sleep. In just a few hours, we lost another city. At such a time, as a prisoner, what else do you say to see you off? ”

Speaking of this, Tian Sui Tho called the military judge and asked: "According to military law, if a general does not arrive at the barracks at the appointed time, what should be done?"

The military judge replied: "It should be beheaded." ”

Zhuang Jia hurriedly sent someone to ride a fast horse to report to Qi Jinggong and ask Qi Jinggong for help. However, before the people sent returned, Tian Sui Tho had already ordered Zhuang Jia to be beheaded and informed the three armies. The officers and men of the three armies trembled with fear.

After a long while, the envoy sent by Qi Jinggong came to pardon Zhuang Jia with a talisman, and whipped the horse and galloped to the barracks. Tian Sui Tho said: "When a general is in the army, he can not accept the king's orders. Then he asked the military judge: "What should I do if someone whips a horse in the barracks?"

The military judge replied: "According to the law, he should be beheaded." The messenger was terrified. Tian Sui Tho said: "The king's messenger is not to be put to death. So he beheaded the messenger's attendant, cut off a log on the left side of the carriage, and told the three armies. Then the messenger was sent back to report, and the army began to set off.

The soldiers saw that Tian Sui Tho was talking and counting, governing the army in a good way, following the law, being selfless with an iron face, and all of them were in high spirits and high morale. When the Jin army heard the news, they were so frightened that they hurriedly retreated without waiting for the battle. When the army of Yan heard the news, they hurriedly retreated from the south bank of the Yellow River to the north bank of the Yellow River. The Qi army pursued the victory and recovered all the lost territory.

When the Qi army triumphed, Qi Jinggong and hundreds of civil and military officials went to the suburbs to greet them and comfort all the soldiers according to etiquette. Qi Jinggong not only did not blame Tian Sui Tho for killing Zhuang Jia, but also worshiped him as the Great Sima and let him take charge of the military and political power of Qi State.

If the army is not strictly administered and the generals are not authoritative, it is impossible for the army to have combat effectiveness, and it is impossible for such an army to defeat the enemy. To administer the army strictly is to rule the army by law and establish the authority of military law and military discipline. Generals should establish their majesty through strict law enforcement and discipline, and strict law enforcement and discipline enforcement is also a kind of trustworthiness. Sima Sui Tho strictly governed the army and ruled the army by law, and killed Zhuang Jia, the supervisor who did not abide by the agreement and violated military law and discipline, which not only established his own prestige, but also educated the soldiers, thereby enhancing the combat effectiveness of the Qi army, repelling the enemy army, and recovering the lost territory.

The power of the Tian family grew in the Qi State, causing dissatisfaction among the doctors (ancient official names) Bao, Guo, and Gao.

One day, Qi Jinggong drank in the palace for fun, and drank until the evening, and he was still unsatisfied, so he took his entourage to Xiangguo Yan Ying's mansion to have a night drink with Yan Ying, but Yan Ying was persuaded to refuse.

Leaving Yan Ying's mansion, Qi Jinggong remembered Tian Sui Tho again. So, the monarch and his entourage came to Tian Sui Tho's house again.

When Tian Sui Tho heard that Qi Jinggong was visiting late at night, he hurriedly put on his military uniform and greeted him with a halberd, and asked urgently: "Did the princes send troops?" Or did some ministers rebel?"

Qi Jinggong smiled and said, "No." ”

Tian Sui Tho asked again: "Then why did you come to my house late at night?"

Qi Jinggong said: "Thinking of the general's hard work in military affairs, I want to drink with the general." ”

Tian Sui Tho replied: "Accompany the king to drink and enjoy himself, there are such people around the king, this is not the position of a minister, and the minister does not dare to obey his orders." ”

Qi Jinggong then went to the house of the doctor Liang Qiu to drink. The next day, Yan Ying and Tian Sui Tho both went to the court to advise Qi Jinggong that he should not go to the courtier's house to drink late at night. As a result, the three major families of the Bao family, the Gao family, and the Guo family all slandered Qi Jinggong, wanting to expel Tian Sui Tho to weaken the Tian family's power.

Qi Jinggong adopted the opinions of Bao, Gao, and Guo, and dismissed Tian Sui Tho. After Tian Sui Tho was demoted, he was depressed and died soon after.

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Although Tian Sui Tho said that he ended up not very well, his "Sima Law" has been circulated for a long time and has become a military work that has influenced many Chinese generals.

(To be continued.) )