readx;? Jossell had several confusing names,,(,,r,.In the literature of the time, Jossell was referred to as Nitjericht, meaning "the body of the gods". Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

During his reign, Djoser launched several expeditions to the Sinai Peninsula and conquered the local nomadic people (Bedouins), who also sent people to mine minerals such as turquoise and copper. This is documented in inscriptions found in the desert of the Sinai Peninsula, in which the emblems of Seth and Horus appear at the same time, a common occurrence during the Qasekeimwe period. As a buffer zone between the Nile Basin and Asia, the Sinai Peninsula is also strategically important.

Joser conquered part of Nubia in southern Egypt, fixed the southern border of his kingdom near the First Falls, and built fortifications there.

It is recorded that during the reign of Joselle, there was a lack of flooding of the Nile, agricultural failures in Egypt, and eventually famine. The inscription on the island of Sehel, near the first waterfall of the Nile, in southern Egypt, reads: "It is with great sorrow that I tell the world that Egypt is in great suffering. The Nile has not flooded for seven years. Our granaries are empty, people don't have enough food to fill their bellies, the treasury is struggling, and the people are starving...... People are dying, and they don't worry about the day. ”

Faced with this severe test, Joselle was anxious. His vizier, Imkhotab, was wise and wise, and he ordered the construction of the temple of Knum, and the famine miraculously ended. This legend confirms that during the reign of Joselle, Egypt had expanded to include the vicinity of the first waterfall of the Nile.

The true unification of Ancient Egypt was in the Old Kingdom era that began in Josser. With the annexation of small local powers, a unified slave state was formed, and the institutions of power were strengthened. This era was the period of the development of a strong centralized monarchy, with the monarch sitting in Memphis and assigning governors to the provinces to rule the country. The rise in the importance of the central government was accompanied by a class of officials and scribes who were recognized and supported by the pharaoh. An autocratic monarchy, based on a bureaucratic system, was established. The improvement of the central government, the collection of taxes by state officials, the coordination of water conservancy projects to increase crop yields, and the establishment of a judicial system to maintain peace and order led to the rapid development of agricultural productivity.

The development of agricultural productivity was the basis for the astonishing progress in architecture, art, and technology during the Old Kingdom. A wealthy and stable economy ensured a fiscal surplus, enabling the State to preside over the construction of monumental mega-works and to commission the production of outstanding works of art in the Royal Workshops. This was the first great era in the history of ancient Egypt in which agriculture, handicrafts, commerce, construction and other undertakings developed in an all-round way.

In addition to the absolutist monarch, the slave-owning class also included noble officials, temple monks, etc. Not only did they possess slaves, but they also relied on state power to exploit the peasants, craftsmen and other freedmen, causing some freedmen to become kings, nobles, and dependents of the temple.

The era of Jossell's reign was the beginning of power and victory, the most famous pharaoh of the Third Dynasty of Egypt. With the help of his vizier Imhotab, he built his own stepped pyramid in the Saqara region of Lower Egypt. Magnificent stone buildings, represented by the stepped pyramid complex, began to appear one after another. Imhotab, the designer, writer and scholar of the first stepped pyramid, became one of the first great men to appear in the history books.

The tombs of the previous pharaohs were largely built in Abydos in Upper Egypt, and Jossell had begun construction of an unfinished mausoleum in the Abydos region of Upper Egypt, but he was eventually buried in the famous Pyramid of Josel in the Saqqara region of Lower Egypt. Most of the pharaohs who followed were buried in Lower Egypt.

According to legend, before the Third Dynasty of ancient Egypt, both princes and ministers and ordinary people were buried in a kind of rectangular tomb made of mud bricks, which the ancient Egyptians called "mastaba". In ancient Egypt it was called Perimus (), which has a high meaning.

The designer of the stepped pyramid of Josel was named Imhotab. It is said that he came from a commoner family, and because of his amazing wisdom and profound learning, he was highly regarded by the pharaoh, and was entrusted with important responsibilities until he became the prime minister, and people revered him as the "god of wisdom". Manito credits him with improving the Egyptian writing system of this period. He built a new kind of tomb for the reuse of his pharaoh Josel. This six-step pyramid with a height of 61.2 meters, a length of 143 meters from east to west and 125 meters from north to south has been designed and expanded six times before and after. Originally it was designed as a typical "mastaba" tomb.

The ground part of the tomb is a square building with a length and width of about 60 meters and a height of nearly 8 meters.

The funeral room itself has no door, can only use a round hole in the ceiling as an exit, connecting the room above. The entrance of the hole is blocked with a stone weighing about 3 tons, leading to the tomb through a 20-meter-long road, there are four roads around the funeral room, stacking all kinds of burial goods, after the underground burial chamber is completed, the first "mastaba" (11.48 meters high) is built on the ground, and then the second (10.95 meters high), the third (10.43 meters high), the fourth (9.92 meters high), The fifth (9.39 m high) and the sixth (8.89 m high).

In addition to building a tall "ladder" on the ground for the king's tomb, he also designed its interior to be intricate and abnormal, like a labyrinth.

"Mastaba" goes up, the smaller the volume, in this way, the shape of the tomb is a six-layer ladder, the total height is 61.06 meters, so people call it "trapezoidal pyramid", as the originator of the pyramid, it not only created the architectural miracle of nearly 60 meters high for the first time, but also successfully built a complete set of axial symmetrical layout of the building, the construction of this tomb is an innovation and revolution in the history of Egyptian architecture, it used stone instead of brick as a building material for the first time, becoming the world's first large-scale stone building.

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