Chapter 13 The Caste System
readx;? The belief base of Vedic religion is very simple: real life. The first motivation for his beliefs www.biquge.info is the needs of real life, not ignorance. People at that time were very practical, they paid attention to real life, they paid attention to the real things in life. In real life, the tribal leader controls everything, he decides about food, clothing, housing and transportation, manages the distribution of property, manages residence and migration, he declares foreign wars to lead troops to fight, and he collects troops back to the camp with foreign countries. In short, it is up to him to decide what is in the interests of the entire tribe. In this case, people proceed from reality, obey the orders of the tribal leader, worship him as a god, and worship him as the most important and greatest deity. Fire is the most indispensable thing in real life, especially family life, is the maintenance and entourage of people's clothing, food, shelter and transportation, in ancient times, the world without fire is terrifying, dark, cold, and barbaric. In a sense, fire is the decisive force for human beings to move from the barbaric stage to the civilization stage, and if fire is not discovered, it is estimated that human beings are still in the chaotic stage. The ancient Indian Aryans started from reality, regarded fire as a god, and then regarded it as a kind of intermediary between man and the gods, and regarded him as the only way for people to communicate with the gods, and threw sacrifices to other gods into the fire, hoping that fire would bring them information, blessings and favors from the gods.
Vedic culture reflects the daily life of Indians at the time and the imagination of the imagination, for example, the Vedic philosophy promoted the culture of wine, encouraging people to drink alcohol. In the practice of life, they discovered the various functions of wine and felt the charm of wine, but they could not accurately interpret these functions and charms, so they simply regarded it as an omnipotent god and worshiped him.
He entered the Pantheon of Vedic Religion with his practical abilities, and his spirit of saving lives, curing all diseases, and helping others is an eternal virtue that is worthy of praise in real life. Perhaps, the two horse boys themselves were two famous doctors of the ancient Aryan tribes, and because of their noble virtues and superb medical skills, people worshipped them as gods.
In fact, this basis of Vedic belief based on real life is not only embodied in the four gods, but also in other deities from all walks of life. For the ancient Indo-Aryans, the sun in the sky was a god, the clouds in the sky were gods, and the rivers on the earth were gods. This practice of turning visible and audible people or objects in life into gods and worshipping them comes from reality and is rooted in life, and is people's artistic depiction and beautification of real life.
The Aryans inherited the hydraulic techniques of the Harappan civilization and passed them back to the ancestral lands of the Aryans in Central Asia. The most famous is the site of Yerikovin, which is extremely close to the Harappan civilization.
The Yerikovan Gorge in the southern part of the Ural Mountains is the last remaining remnant of the Aryan Ancestral Lands. Archaeologists have found millions of engineering remains that have stopped work for no apparent reason, and found strange rings in the center of the canyon. Yelikewen is not only a city to live in, but also a temple and an astronomical observatory.
Flying over Yerikowin in a helicopter will give you an incredible impression. Huge concentric circles are clearly visible in the valley, and the city, as well as its edges, are tightly surrounded by circles. It is still unclear what the purpose of the monumental circular structure was to be used for defense, scientific research, cultural education, or religious purposes, and some researchers even suspect that the rings were the runways for ancient spacecraft launches, and more likely that they were canals dug for some purpose.
The researchers also found that the ancient city also had a good drainage system that protected the Aryans from flooding. The inhabitants of the area also have good fire protection measures: the wooden floor slabs and the houses themselves are soaked with fireproof materials, a substance that is so effective that its remnants can still be found in the ruins of the city.
Each house is equipped with all the amenities, and each house has a well, an oven, and a food storage room. Each well also creates two different ventilation paths: one leading to the oven and the other to the food storage room, which provides cool air to the oven and storage room. At the same time, this cold air also creates a strong pull force for the furnace, making it possible to smelt bronze here.
And the central square in the centre of Yerikovan is the only square building in the city. Given the traces of fire found on it, researchers believe that it was a special site.
In the year, the Aryans expanded into the Ganges valley and merged with the local indigenous population, bronze technology began to be introduced, large areas of forests and swamps were reclaimed, agriculture began to become the main source of income, and the Aryans cultivated crops according to the season. In addition to wheat and beans, rice and cotton have also begun to be cultivated. The handicraft industry also developed greatly at this time, and a large number of professional work departments and occupations appeared.
With the expansion and frequency of wars, as well as the development of the economy, the Aryans began to divide internally, the power of the "Raja" increased, the power of the monks and nobles also increased, the clan tribal system and the military democratic system of the Aryans collapsed one after another, private ownership began to emerge, a large number of poor people began to become debt slaves, the Varna system (that is, the caste system) began to appear, some tribes began to transition into the state, and the "Raja" became hereditary monarchs. The Aryans began to enter the late Vedic era.
Varna system: Three distinct classes emerged within the Aryans, namely the Brahmins, the Rajayans (later the Kshatriyas), and the Vaishyas. In addition, the Shudras (indigenous people) are the four major castes in India, and intermarriage and meals are not allowed between the castes, and in addition, the four castes are not different in terms of religious rituals and social rights.
In addition to the varna system, Brahmanism began to rise as the dominant religion of the late Vedic era.
In order to adapt to social changes, the Vedic religion centered on the Rig Veda began to carry out reforms, and finally formed Brahmanism with Vedic revelations, sacrificial omnipotence, and Brahmanical supremacy. This is the change of the yang world, the biggest change in the world of gods, is the rise of Brahma - there is the great Brahma, the head of the gods, who created all things and guarded the universe. Indra's god-king status actually declined, and he became a subordinate of Brahma who got his name for worshipping Brahma.
Brahmanical beliefs have Brahma as the main god, followed by Shiva, the god of destruction and dance, and Vishnu, the god of light. Brahmanism also preaches the concept of the reincarnation of good and evil, and advocates the idea of the unity of Brahmanism and self.