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The turquoise dragon is long, with a total length of 70.2 cm, and is composed of more than 2,000 pieces of turquoise flakes of various shapes, each piece of turquoise is only 0.2 to 0.9 cm in size and only about 0.1 cm thick. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 The huge amount of labor, the precision of production, and the large volume of the information are very rare among the early dragon-shaped cultural relics in China. In the Erlitou period, the status of dragon cultural relics is prominent and noble, and it is closely related to the Xia King and other nobles, and the dragon has become a symbol of identity and status, representing royal power, and this concept has been passed down from generation to generation.

Kong Jia found a dragon breeder named Shimen. The master raised the male dragon to be energetic and radiant, and Kong Jia was very happy.

Because of his upright nature, he often refuted Kong Jia's pretense of not knowing how to raise dragons, which made Kong Jia angry and angry, and finally ordered someone to kill him, and buried his body in the wilderness outside the city.

Soon it rained heavily, and a strong wind blew, and when the wind and rain stopped, the mountains and forests outside the city began to burn again. Kong Jia originally believed in gods and ghosts, but this time he even believed that it was the unjust soul of the master who was causing trouble, so he had to take a carriage and rush to the suburbs to pray. After praying, Kong Jia boarded the car back to the city, walked halfway, and died in the car.

Grandfather: His

Father: I don't want to descend

Uncle: Uncle

Cousin: Sister

Son: Ji Gao

Sun Tzu: Hi Fa

After the death of Hou Kongjia, he was buried in the northeast of YQ County, BJ City.

Here, in the original text of the "Bamboo Book Chronicle", it is written that Kong Jia died in the ninth year, but in this way, there is a window period of almost sixty years without the rule of the Xia king, I don't know if this is the kingless period of the Xia Dynasty, because the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" mentions that there are kings and no kings for a total of 471 years, but this sentence itself is problematic, and the actual year according to the Ganzhi era should be 491 years, so I seriously suspect that this is a sentence added by later generations, but it is still helpful to break the dynasty. If it was done by posterity, then the statement that there is no king is also debatable. In short, it is difficult for people today to be like, no one wants to be the king of Xia, and the throne of the king of Xia has been vacant for so many years. The author believes that Kong Jia should die in the thirty-fourth year. Because the nine and four in the oracle bone inscription are closer, if the bamboo slips are dropped, they can't be seen, and they can't be compared without the original text. Perhaps there was no mistake or omission at the time of copying.

So if it is indeed thirty-four, then the saying of no king is not, in fact, the most likely thing here is that the king here refers to the death of the previous king, and the mourning time of the subsequent king is generally about three years, and even some do not designate an heir at all, then here is the time of no king, most of the monarchs of the Xia Dynasty inherited the tradition of mourning, so there is really a lot of time without a king, of course, most of the kingless period, the later king has already grasped the authority during the mourning period, and is not in a hurry to come to power. After the Shang Dynasty, there was no tradition of mourning, and after the Tang Dynasty, the king died in the first year and was inherited in the second year. And such a situation in the Xia Dynasty can be defined as unfilial piety.

The chaotic reign of Kong Jia during his reign is believed by historians to have determined the outcome of Xia. This is just as the 50 years of Wanli's reign in the Ming Dynasty determined the outcome of the Ming Dynasty.

Among the vassal states of the Xia Dynasty, the Shang State gradually grew in power after the Shangjia was slightly destroyed. Since Shangjiawei, it has gone through the report B, C, Ding, Ziren, and it has been more than 70 years since the time of the main deer, and the Shang State has been a big country with the power of a king. The development of agriculture and animal husbandry, as well as the increase in social wealth, gave the Shang state the strength to challenge Xia.

So in 1722, the Shang people moved back to Bo (hn Shangqiu Zy District to face the rule of the Xia Dynasty. The sub-master was posthumously named Shang Kuizong after Tang established the Shang Dynasty.

Hou Hao (Gao), reigned from 1720 BC to 1718.

In 1720, after a year of mourning, Kong Jia's son Hou Hao inherited the throne of the Xia Dynasty and was the fifteenth monarch of the Xia Dynasty. Faced with the pressure of the Peng princes, the newly appointed Hou Hao compromised, and the Feng Wei clan (Peng surname, hn Anyang H County not only restored the state, but also promoted to Bo State together with Kun Wu (own surname, hn Xuchang), which pacified the Feng Wei State, which became a strong ally at the end of the Xia Dynasty, but the Great Peng State still fell to the Shang side.

In the autumn of 1718, Hou Hao suddenly died of a serious illness and was buried in LN County, Luoyang, HN.

Reigned from 1715 BC to 1709.

In 1715, two years after the mourning, Hou Hao's son Hou Fa inherited the throne of the Xia Dynasty and was the sixteenth monarch of the Xia Dynasty. He was 38 years old.

Houfa, surnamed Ji, named Fa, also known as Jing and Hui, the grandson of Kong Jia, and the son of Gao.

Later, in the third year of Kong Jia, that is, in 1753, he was born in the Xihe Palace in the summer capital, and was born to the concubine of Hou Hao, the eldest son.

When Houfa ascended the throne, due to the three years of hard work of his father Queen Houhao, the prestige of the Xia Dynasty increased, and the vassal states gradually restored their relations with the Xia Dynasty. "Ancient Bamboo Book Chronicle" contains: "Later to the throne, the first year, Zhuyi bin in the king's gate, and then Baoyong will be in Shangchi, Zhuyi into the dance. It can be seen that the situation of Houfa when he ascended the throne was very different from that of his father Hou Hao, not only did the vassal states come to congratulate him with gifts, but also performed songs and dances for the new king.

Later, he was full of ambition, his eyes were empty, and he put on a posture of being the only one in the world, as if he was really the master of the world, and all the people in the world were his slaves. In fact, he was an extremely mediocre emperor, and during the seven years of his reign, he had neither a miraculous strategy to stabilize the country, nor a good plan to benefit the people, and his life was mediocre and his political achievements were mediocre. He relied entirely on the prestige of his father, the king, to satisfy his pretentious vanity.

During the reign of the Later Fa, the Xia Dynasty maintained friendly exchanges with the Southern Zhuyi, and it was at this time that the music and dance of the Jiangnan Yi people were introduced to the Central Plains. At the same time, the culture, agriculture and handicraft technology of the Central Plains were also introduced to the Yi region in the south. The material and cultural exchanges between the two sides have promoted the development of ancient civilizations and laid a good start for the integration of ethnic groups in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

During the period of the later reign, the management of the princes and the Fang State had been out of control, and some powerful princes did not obey the orders of the Xia Dynasty at all, and went their own way and did whatever they wanted, gradually forming a situation in which the big bullied the small and the strong bullied the weak. The most powerful of these was the Shang Hou Zi Zhu. Shang was an ambitious prince, and after he led his people back to Shangqiu, he continued to implement a policy of foreign expansion, and continued to annex some of the smaller vassal states in the surrounding area.

Not only did the Shang have completely controlled most of the area north of the Yellow River, but they also expanded eastward based on Gushu (adjacent to Yu State, Hn Shangqiu YC County), by this time the Shang Marquis was already old, but his son Tianyi (Shang Tang) had grown up, and was proficient in the art of civil and military affairs, resourceful, and a brave and resourceful leader.

The son Zhu asked his son Shang Tang to replace him to preside over the state affairs of Yin Shang. Therefore, Shang Tang recruited talents from all over the world, recruited heroes from all walks of life, expanded the army, and vigorously developed the power of Yin Shang. He used his wisdom to lead his army to conquer the east and west, defeated the enemy many times, and became the right-hand man of his father and son.

Zi Tianyi's talent and wisdom are in stark contrast to Xia Wang's hair, the latter is unlearned and unskilled but there is no one in his eyes, it is a typical embroidered pillow with bran - the outside is beautiful and the inside is empty. He has almost nothing to do except eat, drink, get drunk, dream and die every day.

Hou Fa reigned for seven years, because he was too indulgent, his physical fitness became worse and worse, and gradually became terminally ill, and finally he could not afford to fall ill, BC 1709, Mount Tai earthquake, and died of illness. He was only 16 years old. After his death, his body was buried in the Houfa Mausoleum (hn Luoyang, the exact location is unknown).