readx;? Sumerian King Table

The Sumerian Table of Kings is an ancient document found throughout Mesopotamia and written in the Sumerian language. A total of 16 copies have been found in the www.biquge.info of the Pen, Fun and Pavilion, which are basically the same as each other, and are the most complete royal tables in existence, and the Sumerian royal tables are the names given by modern scholars. This royal table lists the official rulers and how long they ruled. According to the table of kings, "kingship" descended from the sky and then transferred from one city to another. The earlier monarchs in the royal table were probably mythical figures who ruled for a very long time. Many of the later monarchs were actual historical figures, but the kings would also say that they ruled for a long time.

The best-preserved Sumerian royal watch in existence.

This royal table lists the "official" rulers and how long they ruled. It is clearly divided into two periods, "pre-flood" and "post-flood", the former referring to prehistory and the latter being the historical period, from the first dynasty of Kish to the Ising dynasty. According to the table of kings, "kingship" descended from the sky and then transferred from one city to another. There is only one woman in the king's table: , who belonged to the third dynasty of Kish.

The earlier monarchs in the royal table were probably mythical figures who ruled for a very long time. Many of the later monarchs were actual historical figures, but the kings would also say that they ruled for a long time. And as you can see from the different versions of the King Table, sometimes it may have been done on purpose.

The first historical figure in the table that can be identified is King Kish Nmebara Geshe.

The famous city-state of Lagash does not appear in the royal table in archaeology, although both the first and second dynasties of Lagash were once very powerful. And Lugar Zaxsi, who is famous for defeating Lagash, appears in the king's table.

Around 350 B.C., Belosus, a Babylonian, came to Greece during the Hellenistic era, where he wrote a Babylonian Chronicle in Greek, which is no longer available, but many ancient Greek writings retain quotations from it. Before modern archaeology began, this book may have been the only source of knowledge about that distant civilization of the Two Rivers Valley. Since Belosus was a Babylonian, he should still have access to a wealth of Sumerian literature in his time, but unfortunately his Babylonian Chronicles was written only in accordance with the interests of ancient Greek readers, and was devoted to Assyrian and Babylonian mythology. There is no mention of the Sumerian city-states, the kingdom of Akkad, or even Hammurabi and his First Babylonian dynasty. Modern scholars are somewhat saddened by the fact that there is evidence that Belosus knew these historical events but did not write them in his book, and it was not until 2,000 years later, in modern times, that people excavated that glorious era through difficult archaeology. The kings before the Flood mentioned in Belosos's book are in striking agreement with those recorded in the Sumerian table of kings, not only by the same names, but also by the same time.

Politically, Wang Biao imagined the Sumerian city-state era as a monarchy, with natural royal power moving from dynasty to dynasty. This is also the case in another part of the world, which is the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties in China, although the Zhou is the nominal "Son of Heaven", but from a historical point of view, it is more like the leader of the city-state alliance, completely different from the later dynasties starting from the Qin and Han dynasties, and the authority of the Shang and Xia is estimated to be impossible to exceed the Zhou dynasty. Dynasties in the middle and late stages of the Sumerian monarchy, such as the Kingdom of Akkad and the Third Dynasty of your, could indeed be said to be the rulers of the "kingship" of Mesopotamia, or at least the "kingship" of their own, as the First Dynasty of Ising did. However, this is unlikely to be the case in the previous kingdom of Akkad. This kind of political thought similar to the "great unification" of the Chinese in the Western world has appeared in the ancient Sumerian era, but the West does not have the lasting unity that China has always had, so this kind of thinking has not continued in the future.

Before the Great Flood

"The kingship came down from the sky, and the kingship was in Elidu, and Arulim was the king of Elidu, who ruled for 28,800 years. ”

(28,800 years)

Arulim, the legendary king. The king's reign was measured in "sars", and one "sars" was 3600 years. The next unit is "ner", which is 600 years.

(36,000 years)

Aralga, the second king of Eridu.

"Elidu declined, and the royal power was transferred to Badtibera. ”

en－－ana

(43,200 years)

en－－ana

(28,800 years)

(36,000 years)

Shepherd or Faun, who has the same name as Dumzadeh, the fourth monarch of the First Uruk Dynasty.

"Badtibila declined, and the royal power shifted to Larsa. ”

en－－ana

(28,800 years)

"Larsa declined, and royal power was transferred to Sibal. ”

en－－ana

(21,000 years)

"Sibal declined, and royal power shifted to Shurrupak. ”

(18,600 years)

1*

The name appears in slightly more than half of the versions.

2*

The name appears in slightly more than half of the versions. In the place of King en-, some versions are made.

"The Great Flood came. ”

Kish 1st Dynasty

"After the Great Flood, kingship fell from heaven again, and kingship was in Kish. ”

1200 years

Historical periodization is unknown

The kings who appeared before Itana are not recorded in other sources other than the king's table, and their existence needs to be confirmed by archaeology.

906 year

670 years

en－

420 years

300 years

840 years

960 years

840 years

900 years

Atab (or A-Ba)

600 years

Son of Atab

840 years

Son

720 years

Itana, shepherd

Year 1500

The Epic of Itana: "He ascended to heaven and united all the nations"

Son

400 years

en－me－nuna

660 years

Son of en-me-nuna

900 years

Also a son of en-me-nuna?

1200 years

Son

140 years

Son

305 years

ilku

900 years

1200 years

en－

Nmebara Geshe

900 years

c. 2600 BC

en- i.e., Nmei Bala Geshe, independent of the excavated inscriptions, is the earliest ruler whose chronology can be identified. He conquered Elam and was also the father of King Aga of Kish in the Epic of Gilgamesh.

aga

Agha, son of Nmebara Geshe

625 years

c. 2600 BC

King Aga of Kish, according to the Epic of Gilgamesh, was a contemporary of Gilgamesh of Uruk.

"Kish was defeated, and royal power shifted to Aiana. ”

Note: Aiana is the temple in Uruk, so it refers to Uruk. The same applies hereinafter

Uruk 1st Dynasty

－r

Mesh Thousand Gascher

324 years

c. 28th-2nd century BC

Mish Sengasher was the son of Utu (the sun god) and ruled over the city-state in E-ana (or temple).

"Mischigasher walked towards the sea and disappeared. ”

Nmekar, son of Mish Gascher

420 years

King of Uruk, he founded the Uruk dynasty

Lugalbanda, nicknamed "The Shepherd"

1200 years

i）

Dumzad, the fisherman, the man of the city-state

100 years

c. 2600 BC

（"－d." ）*

Gilgamesh

126 years

c. 2600 BC

According to the Epic of Gilgamesh, his father was Lugarbanda, who was a contemporary of Aga of Kish.

ur－

Son of Gilgamesh

30 years

Son of your-

15 years

la－ba‘shum

9 years

en－－ana

8 years

blacksmith

36 years

6 years

36 years

"Unug was defeated, and royal power was transferred to Ulm. ”

Note: Unug was defeated, Unug is another name for Uruk, and Urim is your. The same applies hereinafter.

The First Dynasty of your

－pada

80 years

c. 2600 BC

- Son of Pada

36 years

25 years

36 years

"Ulm was defeated, and the royal power was transferred to Awan. ”

Awan Dynasty

The three kings of Awan

356 years

Circa 26th century BC

The Awan dynasty, the first dynasty established by the Elamites

"Awan was defeated, and the royal power was transferred to Kish. ”

Kish II Dynasty

201 year

c. 26th century BC

81 years

boatman

360 years

Son

195 year

tuge

360 years

Son of Tuge

180 years

Embiishta

290 years

360 years

"Kish was defeated, and royal power was transferred to Hamaz. ”

The kings of the First Dynasty of Lagash (c. 2500 – c. 2271 B.C.) do not appear in the list of kings, although archaeological inscriptions have found that this dynasty is very famous.

Hamaz dynasty

360 years

c. 2500 BC

"Hamaz was defeated, and royal power was transferred to Unuug. ”

Uruk II Dynasty

en－－ana

Nshakusana

60 years

c. 25th century BC

Conquered parts of Sumer, and Annatum of Lagash claimed control of Sumer, Kish, and all of Mesopotamia.

he－l－ure）

120 years

Contemporary with Anatum of Lagash

7 years

"Unug was defeated, and royal power was transferred to Ulm. ”

The Second Dynasty of your

120 years

c. 25th century BC

－2

Son

48 years

2 years

"Ulm was defeated, and royal power was transferred to Adab. ”

Adab dynasty

90 years

c. 25th century BC

Conquered all of Mesopotamia, from the Persian Gulf to the Zagros Mountains, as well as Elam.

"Adab was defeated, and the royal power was transferred to Mali. ”

Mali Dynasty

anbu

30 years

c. 25th century BC

anba

Son of Anbu

17 years

bazi

cobbler

30 years

zizi

20 years

''Pastor

30 years

9 years

"Mali was defeated, and royal power was transferred to Kish. ”

Kish the Third Dynasty

Hotel hostess, laid the foundations of the Kish dynasty

100 years

c. 25th century BC

The only woman in the king's table. It is reported to have become independent from the control of Lagash Annatum and Uruken Shakusana. A later document states that Queen Kish was a contemporary of Akshark.

"Kish was defeated, and the royal power was transferred to Akshak. ”

Akshaq dynasty

unzi

30 years

c. 25th-24th century BC

6 years

urur

6 years

20 years

According to later sources, contemporaries of Queen Kish

ishu－2

24 years

Son of Ishu-2

7 years

"Akshaq was defeated, and royal power was transferred to Kish. ”

Kish Fourth Dynasty

Son of the Queen

25 years

c. 24th-23rd century BC

ur－

Urzababa, son

According to the king's watch, Sargon was his sommelier

Usi Vattar, son

sh

u*

jeweler

c. 2303-2296 BC

"Kish was defeated, and royal power was transferred to Unug. ”

Uruk III Dynasty

－si

Lugar Zaxi

25 years

c. 2296-2271 B.C

Defeated Urakakina of Lagash and Kish and the other Sumerian city-states to establish a unified kingdom, which was later overthrown by Sargon.

"Unug was defeated, and royal power was transferred to Akkadian. ”

Akkadian dynasty

Sargon of Akkad

55 years

ca. 2270–2215 BC

His father was a gardener, and he himself was an attendant to King Kish. Defeat Lugarzaksi of Uruk, take over Sumer, and establish the Akkadian Empire.

Limush, the youngest son of Salgon

8 years

ca. 2214–2206 BC

shu

Manish Tusu, the elder son of Sargon

15 years

c. 2205–2191 BC

Naram Sin, son of Manish Tusu

36 years

ca. 2190–2154 BC

Shalkari Shari, son of Naram Sin

24 years

c. 2153–2129 BC

"Who is king, and who is not?"

imi

Ijigi, Enum, Imi, Eruru

3 years

c. 2128–2125 B.C

The four of them ruled for only 3 years

dudu

Dudu

21 years

ca. 2125–2104 BC

Shuturu, son of Dudu

21 years

ca. 2104–2083 BC

Akkadian fell to the Kuti

"Akkadian was defeated, and royal power shifted to Unug. ”

Uruk IV Dynasty

ur－

7 years

ca. 2091–2061 BC

The Fourth Uruk Dynasty, probably at the same time as the Akkadian dynasty, ruled southern Mesopotamia.

ur－

Son of your-

6 years

kuda

6 years

5 years

ur－l－）

Son of your-*

25 years

"Unug was defeated, and royal power was transferred to the army of the Kuti. ”

The kings of the Second Lagash Dynasty (c. 2093–2046 BC) do not appear in the table of kings, although the dynasty is very famous in archaeological inscriptions.

Reign of Kuti

"In the Kuti army, there were no famous kings at the beginning, they were their own kings, and they ruled like this for 3 years. ”

6 years

ca. 2147–2050 BC

6 years

6 years

lu）

6 years

5 years

－an）

6 years

3 years

3 years

3 years

1 year

3 years

la－

2 years

Scepter inscription

2 years

1 year

2 years

Son

7 years

7 years

Umma pedestal inscription

7 years

Si--u?—umma pedestal inscription

Thiregan

40 days

Urtukhgar, who was Uruk during his reign, was defeated, and he himself was captured and insulted. His defeat put an end to Kuti's rule.

"The Kuti army was defeated, and royal power was transferred to Unug. ”

Uruk Fifth Dynasty

Utuhegar

Conflicting dates between versions (427/26/7)

ca. 2055–2048 BC

Defeat Tiregan, drive out the Kuti, and appoint Urnham as governor of your.

"Unug was defeated, and royal power was transferred to Ulm. ”

Third Dynasty of your

ur－－）

Ulnam

17 years

ca. 2047–2030 BC

Defeat Namahani of Lagash, a contemporary of Utukhgar

Shulgi, son of Urnham

47 years

c. 2029–1982 BC

A lunar or solar eclipse may have occurred in 2005 BC

Amarsin, son of Shulgi

8 years

c. 1981–1973 BC

Shusin, son of Amalsin

8 years

c. 1972–1964 BC

Ibishin, the son of Shusin

23 years

c. 1963–1940 BC

"Ulm was defeated, Sumerian foundations were torn apart, and royal power was transferred to Issing. ”

The Larsa Dynasty (c. 1961–1674 BC), an independent Amorite state in southern Mesopotamia, is not mentioned in the royal table during this period.

Ising dynasty

Ishbi Ella

33 years

c. 1953–1730 BC

Contemporary of Ibisin of your

Shu Irishu, son of Ishbi Ella

20 years

Idin Dagan, son of Shu Irishu

20 years

Ishmael Dagan, son of Idin Dagan

20 years

Liporte Ishta, son of Ishmai Dagan

11 years

Contemporary with Ralsa's Čogunu

ur－

Your Ni**ta

28 years

Contemporary with Abisal of Larsa

Son of Isikul, because he was in the prime of life, brought a good reign and a sweet life*

Bur Sin, son of your Ni**ta

21 years

Ripit Enlil, son of Bul Sin

5 years

Ira Imiti

8 years

Enliel Barney

24 years

Contemporary with Babylonian Sumrae.

Originally a gardener, he was chosen as a stand-in by King Isin Ila Imiti, who died of choking on a hot spring, and he became king, and the surviving epic shows that he was a virtuous king.

Zambaya

3 years

Contemporary of Sin Ikesham of Larsa

Itaer Pisha

4 years

ur－du－kuga

Urdukuga

4 years

Sin Magill

11 years

u*

Damik Ilishu (son of Sim Magir)*

(23 years)*

Note (all tables) :* not included in all versions of the King Table.

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