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The martial arts of the Shang Dynasty were most prosperous in the era of Shang Gaozong Wuding. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info【Latest chapter reading】Wu Ding expanded the territory of the Shang Dynasty several times through a series of wars. In the frequent wars, the Shang Dynasty cultivated and trained a large number of commanders and generals who could conquer and fight habitually, including Wu Ding himself, mainly birds, wangcheng, birds, gean, etc., and also subdued a group of hostile tribal generals who could fight in the war, such as Lan, the leader of the original Lan State. And the chief general who led the troops to the east and west for Wu Ding was his queen wife.

Wu Ding has more than 60 "women" in historical materials, and only three of them have the status of queens, and the status of women is the most important, and it is also the only woman Wu Ding, the king of Zhongxing in the great Shang Dynasty, who has really loved in his life. The woman is the mother of the ancestors. After his death, the temple was called "Xin".

She is the first documented heroine in Chinese history, the first documented female military commander in Chinese history, and an outstanding female politician. The oracle bone inscriptions of Yinxu record that she conquered many surrounding countries, which is rare in history. From the excavation of her tomb, it is inferred that her name should be called "good", and the writing of the divination is either the left son and the right woman, and there is a very complicated way of writing on the artifacts unearthed from the tomb of the woman (such as the goose numbered 827) is a "son" in the middle, and there is a "each (mother)" on the left and right, which should be a complex structure of "good".

When she married Wu Ding and became the king's wife, Wu Ding gave her quite a rich fief and people, and in her fief, she got the name of "Hao", which was called "Nuhao", or "Hou Wo Hao". The woman's nickname is "Xin", and the descendants of the Shang Dynasty respectfully call her "Mother Xin" and "Mother Xin". "Woman" is a kind of kinship title, just like we call someone "eldest sister" today.

Wu Ding was a monarch with a very strong personality, but also very emotional and ambitious. Before marrying Wu Ding, she should be the head of a matrilineal tribe or a princess under the Shang Kingdom or the surrounding tribes, with an extraordinary background and knowledge. The woman is very intelligent, and she also has extraordinary courage and wisdom.

In the great martial arts of the Wuding era, there is a considerable part of the credit of women. The Shang Dynasty had a strong matriarchal clan heritage, and there was no problem at all with these adjectives used on the Shang queen. The woman has excellent arm strength, and one of the weapons she uses weighs nine kilograms, which shows that she is strong. And the weapon is a big axe, which shows her bravery.

In the face of the strong enemies around him, Wu Ding was not afraid of hardships and dangers, rose to the occasion, and established a great cause in the expedition everywhere. The biggest opponent came from the north, and at that time, the earthwork in the north of Shang Wangji and the ghost side in the northwest were the most powerful and the greatest threat to Shang, and they invaded Shang Wangji many times.

In addition, the Hu Fang in the south, the Yi Fang in the east, the Qiang Fang in the west, and the Zhou people all posed a potential threat to the Shang Dynasty.

In the early days of Wu Ding's rule, he was unable to completely eradicate these large forces, so he adopted a compromise foreign policy to paralyze the enemy, and at the same time actively launched annexation wars against the surrounding small states and local forces, so as to strengthen the power of the Shang Dynasty and the space for maneuver in war.

Wu Ding used troops in all directions for many years and actively took the aforementioned political measures, conquering and allied many small states around him. These conquests and wars laid the foundation for the dynasty to form a vast territory of "thousands of miles from Banggi, where the people are stopped, and where the territory is all over the world".

Nu Hao and Wu Ding are a good couple who are truly like-minded. When he first got married, Wu Ding didn't know much about the ability of women to lead troops into battle.

In the summer of a certain year, Wu Ding sent a general to send troops to conquer the Lan State, but because Lan's military talent was not weak at all, the generals sent to the expedition were unable to achieve results for a long time. The woman took the initiative to ask for help and asked to lead the troops to help the battle. Wu Ding was very hesitant about his wife's request, and after thinking about it for a long time, he decided to let the queen go on the expedition through divination. Unexpectedly, as soon as the woman arrived at the front line, she dispatched and commanded well, and took the lead, and quickly defeated the enemy and won the victory.

After the successful conquest of Wu Ding, he cleared the rebel Shang forces and appointed the leader of the Lan State as a general, and the Lan State also became an important pillar in the northwest of the Shang Dynasty and a barrier against threats from the northwest such as the earth and the ghost side.

Wu Ding was impressed by his wife after that, and made her the military commander of the Shang Dynasty and let her command the battle. From then on, Nuhao was able to lead the army to fight and conquer more than a dozen small countries, laying the foundation for the growth of the Shang Dynasty's strength.

After years of preparation, Wu Ding believed that the time had come, and in view of the fact that the ghost side and the earth side often infested the border lands and subject states of the Shang Dynasty, and even jointly threatened the security of the northwest border of the Shang Dynasty, Wu Ding decided to deal with these two forces first.

Wu Ding adopted the strategy of long-distance friendship and close attack, first adopted the method of marriage to the ghost side to win the support of the ghost side, and attacked the earthwork with the ghost side. Another reason for attacking the earthworks was that the earthworks were closer to Wangji and the threat was greater.

Tufang is one of the ancient nomadic people who lived in Shanxi, Shaanxi and northern Inner Mongolia during the Tang and Xia Shang periods. Today, we call Tufang a clan in a broad sense, because judging from the social development situation at that time, the group represented by this clan name was probably only in the stage of a tribal group, and its civilization and economic level were far behind the Shang people at that time.

The earliest historical records about earthwork are oracle bone inscriptions. The relationship between the earthwork and the Xia (Han) people can be traced back to the Xia Yu period. In the Book of Songs, there is a record of "flood mang, Yu laid down the earthwork", which linked the earthwork with the flood control of Yu. "Chu Ci Tianwen" also wrote: "Yu descended to save the earthwork", indicating that there was indeed a relationship between Yu and the earthwork at that time.

The relationship between Shang and the Turks can be said to be closer. In the oracle bone inscription, in addition to many war records such as "Wang's Province Earthwork", "Felling Earthwork", and "Conquering Earthwork", there are also descriptions of "Zhenbu Earthwork and Bubei", that is, records of physical transactions between Yin Shang and Earthwork. ("Shellfish" was both a precious ornament at the time and also a general equivalent in the exchange process, i.e., currency.)

According to the records of earthwork in the oracle bone inscriptions, Guo Moruo believed that the earthwork was the one that had the most relations with the Shang people and had the most frequent wars during the Yin Shang period. He deduced: "The earthwork was about 123 days away from Yinjing (present-day Anyang, Henan), and the average daily journey was 80 miles, which was already a thousand miles away, and the earthwork was in the northern part of present-day Shanxi." ”

Wuding's hostile earthwork was a tribe in the north of the Yin Dynasty that was closer to Shang Wangji, and repeatedly invaded the Shang inhabitants, and once entered the eastern Shang to plunder the two inhabitants.