At the end of the 19th century, the Dutch East Indies had a large population, with a total population of 45 million, ranking seventh only to Austria-Hungary in the world's population rankings.

From the point of view of the internal population distribution

The original intact Dutch East Indies had a total population of more than 45 million people, of which Java Island, with an area of only 138,800 square kilometers, accounted for 7 percent, accounting for the majority of the population, Sumatra Island accounted for 2 percent, and the remaining archipelago area accounted for 1 percent.

After the First South Pacific War, Queensland, a Chinese power from Australia, defeated the Dutch colonists and forcibly seized Shangri-La (Irian Bird, also known as the island of New Guinea), Borneo and Sulawesi.

Geographically, the integrity of the Dutch East Indies was undermined.

After the colonial war for territory, the Dutch colonists lost most of their territory, but they retained the elite part of the colony of the Dutch East Indies, that is, the southern archipelago led by Java and Sumatra, and retained more than ninety percent of the population.

With a population of over 40 million in what is now the Viceroyalty of the Dutch East Indies, this is an extremely large market that needs to be tapped.

The region has a long history, profound cultural accumulation, rich and colorful national culture and history, and has given birth to many former dynasties, making it the most fully developed area in the East Indies.

Through the conclusion of the trade treaty between the two sides, Queensland entered the region on a large scale by economic means, and at the same time further enhanced the political and economic influence of the Chinese in Queensland, it brought advanced ideas and new trends of thought into the region, breaking the traditional concept of Chinese immigrants in the region admiring the Qing Empire, as if a fresh breeze was blowing in the old room.

In just over two years, the change has been enormous.

Many young Chinese people cut off their braids, put on energetic youth clothes, like to listen to vinyl records recorded by Australian Chinese singers, dream of owning a shiny and fashionable "Phoenix" brand bicycle, like to eat toffee and cashew nuts, and hope to be able to get into a higher-paying Queensland comptoir job, decent and envied.

The overseas Chinese in the Dutch East Indies were a wealthy and conservative class, and were socially the second class of social strata divided by the Dutch colonizers, second only to whites and higher than the local Indonesian natives.

This is the largest settlement group of overseas Chinese, since the end of the Ming Dynasty began to migrate to Nanyang on a large scale, has a history of more than 270 years, the total number of people has reached more than 3.6 million, throughout the major cities and towns, control the local economic lifeline.

Over the course of its long history, the Chinese Indonesian community has gradually formed three distinct groups.

The first type is known as the Baba Nyonya, and they are the early Chinese who immigrated to the South Seas, dating back to the late Ming Dynasty, when the Dutch colonizers, in order to vigorously develop the Jakarta region, stipulated that ships traveling with Chinese laborers must carry some Chinese laborers, otherwise the sailors will be detained.

In the 17th century, the Chinese captain of Banten Province, Song Bagong, organized a large number of Chinese immigrants to Indonesia during his administration of Jakarta, which greatly shook the economy of the region and made it easier for the Dutch to conquer the local indigenous kingdom of Banten.

As a bonus, in 1619 Song Bagong became the first Chinese nobleman and was awarded a fief to his heir, bestowed the hereditary title of SIA.

These aristocratic Baba Nyonya took control of vast amounts of land and wealth confiscated from the indigenous aristocracy on the island of Java, and in doing so, ruled over the indigenous and Chinese people in the Jakarta region. This system was later extended to other islands, including Java.

The aboriginal aristocracy, who were deprived of their land, lacked the economic basis to establish their territories. The search for the use of force to reclaim the land that belonged to them led to a situation of banditry, which in turn strengthened the dependence of the Dutch rulers on the Chinese.

It is a unique product of this historical condition that the "tax system" was formed, and the Chinese leaders who have always been tax-paid are powerful figures, so the "Kapitan" system came into being, which controls the Bacheng court, which is responsible for civil litigation and criminal cases, and at the same time controls the "Meisegan" (Dutch transliteration) that administers the estate, which can be called the Heritage Administration.

It was through these herdsmen's rights granted by the Dutch colonists that the Chinese "Kapitan" became the backbone of Dutch colonial rule, and the Dutch Kingdom inherited the system of the Dutch East Indies Company after it took over.

The second group of Chinese is called overseas Chinese, and many wealthy Chinese consider themselves Dutch, Catholic, usually well-educated, have a high social status, and are accustomed to emulating Western lifestyles, believing themselves to be superior.

In the late 19th century, most of the aristocratic families who enjoyed the SIA title and were the strongest supporters of colonial rule were rapidly westernized.

The third type is the Chinese who still maintain relations with the mainland, adhere to Chinese beliefs and customs, insist on speaking their hometown, and believe that Baba Nyonya and overseas Chinese are unfilial sons, because Baba Nyonya and overseas Chinese have forgotten Chinese traditions, and these "pure" Chinese are called newcomers.

The three Chinese Indonesians have completely different ethnic views, with the expatriates supporting the Netherlands, the Baba Nyonya leaning more towards the indigenous people, and the newcomers still cherishing their homeland.

The large-scale landing of Queensland merchants brought a new culture and new trends of thought that were completely different from those of the past, brought the heroic style and strong self-confidence of the Han and Tang dynasties that were dormant in the blood, and maintained an equal or even higher outlook in the process of negotiating with the Dutch colonists, which had a strong impact on the old ideas of the local Chinese ethnic group.

It turns out that we can still be such a dick, what a great look!

Envy and excitement are mixed with eagerness to try, repeatedly impacting the traditional beliefs of Chinese young people, who are also the first to make changes.

As an overseas dispatched agency, the Political Intelligence Department has the responsibility to collect information and feedback, provide sufficient and solid data support for Red Fort's decision-making, and at the same time has the responsibility to safeguard the interests of overseas Chinese and contribute to the establishment of a good business environment.

Don't forget, the owner of the Red Fort has the title of "Guardian of the Interests of Overseas Chinese" and can intervene in the management of the colony, which is a point that the Governor's Office of the Dutch East Indies does not dare to ignore.

In later generations, there was a term called "long-arm jurisdiction", which is the primary version of "long-arm jurisdiction".

Red Fort

In October, the sky is high and the clouds are wide, the grass grows and the warbler flies, and the prosperity is better than in the past.

After more than a decade of rapid development, the rapid development of this emerging metropolis in central Australia has been unstoppable, and after the first river bottom tunnel was completed, the north bank of the Brisbane River has developed rapidly.

The 2nd, 3rd and 4th river tunnels have started construction one after another, and it will not be long before the traffic arteries connecting the two banks of the Brisbane River will be as high as 4, one of which is the bored subway, which is the second electric subway line in the world, with a planned total length of 4.5 kilometers and a capacity of up to 7.5 million passengers per year.

Same engineering

Originally originated in the city of Liverpool, England, in 1886, the city of Liverpool opened an underground railway that crossed the city center and crossed the Mersey River, using advanced electric locomotives, and was the world's first electric subway.

In 1887, the city of the Red River Valley invited the original British engineers and technicians to build a transportation artery across the Brisbane River for the new metropolis, with a planned construction period of three years and a total investment of 272,000 pounds, so expensive because the electric locomotive is extremely expensive, only three sets of electric locomotives (two in pairs, one in reserve) cost 118,000 pounds, four times the price of a steam locomotive.

It can be seen that along the north bank of the Brisbane River, a large number of high-rise buildings of more than ten floors have risen one after another, and all kinds of unique architectural styles can be found here, such as Chinese and Tang style pavilions, Ming and Qing styles, ancient Roman styles, Byzantine styles, French neo-romantic styles, British Victorian styles, Italian Mediterranean styles, and so on, but there is no American Philadelphia style like a cement box.

Everyone knows that the owner of the Red Fort hates this kind of cement square box the most, it is the same and soulless.

No one is so strong as to disobey the will of the owner of the Red Keep, and it can be seen from this that the ruling influence of the Lord Earl of Queensland has penetrated into the minutiae of society and has undoubted control.

Under the guidance of the Red Fort policy of accelerating the introduction of immigrants, in the past three years, the number of Chinese immigrants from the mainland has exceeded 1.5 million every year, and by the first 10 months of 1888, a huge breakthrough of 1,617,000 immigrants has been completed, and the total number of immigrants is expected to reach 1.95 million in the whole year, setting a historical record again.

By October 1888, in two years and ten months, Queensland and overseas territories had received a total of 4,272,700 immigrants, plus the 1,395,600 baby boomers born in these three years, bringing the total number of new people to 5,668,300 (the total number of mainland Australia plus overseas territories).

Among them, most of the new births come from Australia, accounting for more than 8% of the share, and the total number can exceed one million.

As the main destination for immigrants, Queensland, New South Wales (mainly the Northern Earldom), South Australia, and Western Australia have seen a surge in the number of Chinese, occupying an undoubted crushing advantage and becoming the mainstream ethnic group in the region.

1888 was the fourth year of large-scale liberalization of Chinese immigrants, and the sources of Chinese immigrants extended from the coastal areas of Guangzhou, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong to the inland, and a large number of refugees from Shanxi, Huguang and Shaanxi and Gansu regions traveled thousands of miles to Australia and overseas territories after selection, and changed their lives from then on.

Such a scale of migration is unprecedented in the history of Chinese overseas development, while causing a huge impact on the original society, it has brought a heavy Chinese culture and historical heritage, brought rich Chinese food and strong entrepreneurial passion, and continuously injected the vigorous hormones of development into Queensland, making the flame burn more vigorously.

Specific statistics show that compared to 1885;

In the past three years, a total of 4,472,700 immigrants have entered Australia (including Queensland and overseas territories, including Shangri-La, Borneo, African Somalia and Mozambique, the same below), of which female immigrants account for 29.17%, compared with 39.7% of the female migrant population in 1885, the proportion of female population has decreased significantly.

Such a population ratio structure highlights the acute contradiction between male and female population in society, and has become a major problem that needs to be solved urgently in the work of immigration, which must be taken seriously so as not to cause social unrest.

Let's break it down

The proportion of female immigrants in Australia remained at 36.2%, a slight decrease of 3.5% compared with the data in 1885, considering that some white women would marry wealthy Chinese, further alleviating the demographic contradictions, and maintaining a reasonable level.

The problem lies mainly in overseas territories;

Shangri-La and Borneo, which has introduced large-scale immigrants, are dominated by male immigrants aged 16~28, with a proportion of more than 8 percent, which has become the main reason for the sharp decline in the ratio of immigrants to men and women, and they are responsible for this.

Mozambique, the African territory conquered in 1886, has an average annual import of 460,000 immigrants, and the total population of Chinese immigrants in the region has reached 1.192 million (note, in 1886, the initial scale of immigration began in August), of which more than 96.2% were male immigrants, and the proportion of young female immigrants was very low.

There are two objective reasons for this;

One is that immigrants to Mozambique need to go through thousands of miles of long-distance transoceanic shipping, and the proportion of deaths due to various causes is roughly between 7%~8%, strong men are more able to withstand the difficult transoceanic routes, and women are much more vulnerable.

Second, after four consecutive years of large-scale introduction of immigration, female immigrants, which are already scarce resources, are more sought-after, especially non-governmental media companies, out of interest considerations, are more willing to import organized female immigrants into Australia, and a small number of them enter Shangri-La and Borneo, as for the distant African territories, they are not considered at all.

In the African territories

Xi'an City (has been upgraded) and Mogadishu City (has been upgraded) mainly rely on digestion from Arab women to solve marriage problems, live a good life, basically there are no marriage problems, many rich Chinese have taken the 3rd, 4th, and even 5th room concubines, wives and daughters.

In the newly developed territory of Mozambique, the marriage problem of the Chinese group who got rich first was solved by importing some young Malagasy women and intermarrying with some Portuguese white women, especially young women from the Kingdom of Madagascar, which were relatively cheap and cheap, and only cost a few pounds.

For the vast majority of Chinese male immigrants, because they have just established themselves and are in the early stage of starting a business, they do not have the energy and economic strength to consider marriage issues for the time being, so they can postpone it for a few years and then solve it.

In 1888, 879,100 marriages were registered with the Civil Affairs Bureau (including overseas territories), and more than 1.7 million men and women entered the marriage hall and formed a happy family.

This is a gratifying figure, every family is a stable structure of society, men plough and women weave, husbands sing and women follow, and the piano is harmonious, forming a complete social cell.

In the fertile territory, there is no discrimination and oppression, there is no unfair treatment, overseas Chinese compatriots through hard work to create a rich life, live in a house, have a horse, come back from work with a wife and daughter to greet each other, prepare a sumptuous meal, Chinese compatriots here branch out and reproduce, is Li Fushou's dream of the ideal, is now being realized step by step.

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