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The earliest literacy textbook in Chinese history, mentioned in the text, is the "Historical Chapters" compiled by Taishi Ling 'Zhou' during the reign of King Xuan of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the text included is the Great Seal of the Western Zhou Dynasty for the Shenzhou Continent.

The Taishi Ling 'Zhou' here refers to an official whose name 'Zhou' and served as Taishi Ling, whose surname and surname are no longer available;

Hundreds of years have passed since Taishi wrote "The History of the Chapter", and in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were many kingdoms under the sky, with different voices and different characters;

At the end of the Warring States Period, that is, from 300 B.C. to 230 B.C., the Great Seal has been in use for more than 500 years, and it is difficult to write, there are many inconveniences, and it has been unable to adapt to increasingly complex social activities, as well as increasingly complex cultural and ideological content.

At the end of the Warring States Period, among the seven kingdoms of Zhao, Chu, Qi, Wei, Yan, Han, and Qin, only Qin was the 'homeland of Zhou', and the script used was the script of the ancient Great Seal series - Small Seal;

The script used by the other six countries is quite different from the Zhou and Qin scripts, and has developed into many fonts according to the habits of the people of various countries and different historical evolutions, so the characters of the six heroes of the Warring States period have now been mostly lost.

Mr. Wang Guowei summarized this phenomenon as follows: Qin used the ancient script, and the Six Kingdoms used the ancient script;

By the time the First Emperor unified the six countries, the Qin people had a lot of provincial changes on the basis of the original Great Seal, and took it as convenient and easy to use, and obtained a new script;

And this kind of Qin script, which is simpler and easier than the big seal, is the 'small seal' in the popular sense.

It's just that the names of the big seal and the small seal were drawn up by later scholars, and people did not call them like this at that time, and the small is relative to the big;

According to historical records, in the real historical period, when the First Emperor's book was written in the same text, stipulating that Qin characters were the only common script in the world, they should not have been called 'small seals', but should have been 'Qin seals'.

After the Six Kingdoms were wiped out, the First Emperor Yingzheng adopted the suggestion of Qin Prime Minister Li Si to 'stop those who did not cooperate with Qin Wen', and implemented a simple and regular small seal font throughout the country;

In order to comply with the national policy of text reform of this 'book with the same text', the local counties can be said to be in the clouds, and all kinds of horses fly into Xianyang like snowflakes.

Of course, compared with such a naked 'cow x' in the local counties, the officials of the central court patted the horses, which is undoubtedly more decent, more image-oriented, and more advanced.

For example, Prime Minister Li Si wrote a total of 7 chapters of "Cangjie Chapter" in order to comply with the "book and text";

The order of the CRRC government, that is, the world-recognized traitor Zhao Gao, made a total of 6 chapters in the "Calendar";

and Qin Taishi Ling Hu Wujing's "Erudition" with a total of 7 chapters, all of which belong to the textbook-level demonstration of 'how to shoot a high-level sycophant';

And these three articles are mentioned in the text: the three of them wrote a total of 3 articles and 20 chapters, known as 'Qin Sancang';

- To put it bluntly, it is to carry out a certain degree of secondary creation on the basis of "Historical Chapters", and by the way, change the font from Zhou Da Seal to Qin Xiao Seal, so that it is easier for people in the world to understand and read through.

Speaking of which, I have to mention that Qin's burning of all the books in the world can be described as 'criminal evidence' known to women and children in contemporary times, but in fact, the book burning order issued by Qin Shi Huang is not 'burning all the books'.

It is not difficult for us to find this from the original text recorded in the historical records.

——In the record of "Historical Records of Qin Shi Huang", the original text of Li Si's request to the first emperor to issue a book burning order is: The ministers asked the historian to burn all the non-Qin records;

Those who are not doctors, and dare to have Tibetan poems, books, and hundreds of languages in the world, will keep them and burn them;

There are those who dare to say poems and books to abandon the market;

The past is not the present;

Whoever sees that he does not raise the line shall be guilty of the same crime;

The order is not to burn for 30 days, and it is a city;

Those who do not go, the book of medicine divination and planting trees;

If you want to learn the law, take the officials as teachers.

A simple understanding of the meaning of these words can understand which books the First Emperor Yingzheng adopted Li Si's suggestion and issued the "Book Burning Order".

-- Historians burn all of them if they are not recorded by Qin officials, which means that 'all historical books, as long as they are not recorded by Qin officials, will be burned'.

This is understandable: if you want to destroy its country, you must first destroy its history;

In order to unify China, the first emperor swept through Liuhe and unified the world, so as to erase the history of these six countries to a certain extent, so as to accelerate the process of national unification.

-- Those who dare to have a collection of poems, books, and hundreds of languages in the world that are not doctors' official positions are all about to keep and burn them, which means that except for the central officials who are doctors, no one else is allowed to collect the "Book of Songs" and "Shangshu" (etc.) and the hundreds of works of the princes, and if there is, then the local county guards and county lieutenants will supervise each other and burn them.

There's nothing hard to understand about that.

Zhong Ni said: Three hundred poems, in a word, there is no evil in thinking.

Why 'Thinking Innocence'?

Because the value orientation advocated in the "Book of Songs" is to say that 'it is right to fight outside, it is righteous to fight foreigners, it is not advisable to fight in the nest, and the wars within China are all unjust wars'.

In this case, it is the brains of Yingqin, who brazenly raises an 'unjust war' and sweeps away the kingdom of heaven and earth through a thorough internal struggle, so that the people can see the "Book of Songs" of 'thinking without evil' again.

As for the other allusions to the hundreds of schools of thought, they are basically the same - although they are dressed in a variety of different skins, the core values are often not too surprising, at most the emphasis is different.

-- There are those who dare to say poems and books to abandon the market; The past is not the present;

These two sentences, the first sentence is a supplementary clause to 'burn the books of the hundred schools of thought', that is, not only should the writings of the hundred schools of thought be burned, but also the people should not be allowed to talk about them, so as to prevent these dangerous ideas from continuing to remain in the land of China through 'word of mouth'.

As for the second half of the sentence, that is, 'the ancient is not the present', it is even more concise and to the point: before the Qin, the Chinese nation had never formed a unified regime in the true sense, so for Ying Qin, many historical experiences have lost their reference value, and can even be said to have become an obstacle to the progress of the regime.

For example, at the beginning of Yingzheng's unification of the world, there were always Confucian scholars who jumped out and taught Yingzheng how to be a qualified son of heaven, which made Yingzheng annoyed, and even left 'What's wrong with Li Si eating a piece of fat?!' 's classic scene.

Therefore, by way of laws and regulations, prohibiting the people from using historical experience to quell the rebellion against Ying Qin is also the proper reason in the question - as the first unified regime in China, for Ying Qin, there is no historical experience to rely on, and he can only rely on his own exploration.

The next few sentences, such as the official who sees that the person who does not raise the case and the same crime, are also used as a compensation clause for the book burning order - the officials who shield them sit together;

The order not to burn for 30 days, for the city Dan, is to set a time limit for the book burning order: within 30 days, all books ordered by the central government to be burned must be burned;

For those who don't go, the book of medicine divination and planting trees finally gets to the point: which books are not burned? Books related to medicine, pharmacology, divination, divination, farming, and tree planting, that is, books that are more practical and do not contain someone's ideological philosophy or philosophy of life can be retained.

And then to the last sentence: If you want to learn laws and regulations, and take officials as teachers, it is contrary to Liu Han's idea of 'carrying out the law popularization to the end', and limits the law to the extent of 'I let you learn, you can learn, if I don't let you learn, you can't learn, I say what the law is, it is'.

Combined with all this, it is not difficult for us to find out which books were to be burned in the "Book Burning Order" of the First Emperor Yingzheng.

——The history books of the Warring States Period, the essence of the hundred schools of thought, poems, books and other classics, as well as laws.

However, it is obvious that the three articles of "Cangjie", "Calendar" and "Erudition", which are enlightenment readings, do not belong to the history books of a certain country, nor do they belong to the ideological essence of a certain family among the hundred princes, and they have nothing to do with the law.

Combined with the fall of Qin, the Han dynasty integrated the three articles of "Cangjie", "Calendar" and "Erudition" in a very short period of time, a total of 20 chapters, with six crosses as a chapter, and rearranged 55 chapters, a total of 3,300 words of "Han Cangjie", it is not difficult to speculate that these three enlightenment readings are not included in the scope of the "Book Burning Order".

The reason is very simple: according to historical records, the one who integrated the three articles of "Cangjie", "Calendar" and "Erudition" into the "Four Words Han Cangjie" was the "Luli Calligrapher".

To put it more bluntly, it is a few half-hung scholars and scribes who teach in the countryside and enlighten children, and they don't even deserve their names to be left in the history books······

In that era when books were incomparably precious, if the three articles of "Cangjie", "Calendar" and "Erudition" were also included in the scope of the book burning order, then it was obviously a bit unbelievable that the 'Luli calligrapher' could possess these three books and easily integrate them into one.

After the "Luli calligrapher" changed the "Cangjie Chapter" in the early Han Dynasty, Yang Xiong, a cifu scholar and thinker born in the late Western Han Dynasty, collected the opinions of the people and compiled them into the "Discipline Chapter", and then continued the "Cangjie Chapter", where there are 34 chapters, the same is six crosses per chapter, a total of 2,000 and 4 crosses.

At this point, "Cangjie" has eighty-nine chapters, with a total of 5,34 crosses;

Ban Gu, a famous artist of the Eastern Han Dynasty, continued to write thirteen chapters on the basis of Yangxiong's sequel, with a total of 1,308 crosses, pushing the length of "Cangjie Chapter" to 6,722 crosses;

During the Eastern Han Dynasty and the emperor, Langzhong Jia Yi ~~~ on the basis of the sequel of Bangu, expanded, deleted and modified 34 chapters, a total of 2,000 and 4 crosses.

In this way, "Cangjie Chapter", including its sequel, has reached a total of 123 chapters and 7,38 crosses, which is like a glorious canon.

Bangu's "Hejaz" records: 'Cangjie is an article. 'Note Yun: 'The first seven chapters, made by Li Si, the prime minister of Qin; In the six chapters of the "Calendar", Zhao Gaozuo was ordered by the Chefu Order; The seven chapters of "Erudition", written by Hu Wujing, are made by Taishi Ling. ’

His 'Little Scholar' preface is also cloudy: 'Han Xing, Luli calligrapher combined "Cangjie", "Calendar" and "Erudition" three articles, broken six crosses as one chapter, all fifty-five chapters, and "Cangjie Chapter". ’

Ban Gu also said: 'When Emperor Wu was Sima Xiangru, he wrote "Fan Jiang", and there were no compound characters; When Emperor Yuan, Huangmen ordered Shi You to make "Urgent Chapter"; When he became an emperor, he would be a master craftsman (Li Chang) to make "Yuan Shang Chapter", all of which were orthography in "Cangjie", and "Fan Jiang" was quite outstanding.

To the beginning of the Yuan, the number of people who conquered the world through the primary school was hundreds, and each order was written in the court, and Yang Xiong took its useful ones to make the "Discipline Chapter", which continued the "Cangjie", and changed the words repeated in the "Cangjie", where eighty-nine chapters. The minister continued to make thirteen chapters, where one hundred and two chapters, no compound words, and the six arts group book contained in the brief preparation. ’

In the Eastern Han Dynasty and the first year of Emperor Yong, Jia Yi of Langzhong continued and expanded 34 chapters by expanding the Ban Gu, called "The Joy of the Moon".

"Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi" records the three volumes of "Sancang", and the note clouds: "Qin Prime Minister Li Si wrote "Cangjie Chapter", Han Yangxiong wrote "Discipline Chapter", and Later Han Langzhong Jia Yi wrote "Joy Chapter", so it is called "Sancang". ’

The Tang dynasty Zhang Huaijun's "Book Break" also said: "In the middle of Emperor Yongyuan, Jia Yi wrote "Different Words", which was extended by the continuation of the (class) Gu, and was thirty-four chapters, and the last word of the "Training" was used as the title, so it was called "The Joy of the Chapter", and the words were full of prosperity. ...... eighty-nine chapters of "Cangjie Discipline Compilation", thirty-four chapters of Hejia Guangban, and one hundred and twenty-three chapters, the text is prepared. ’

A similar record also exists in the "Northern History: Jiangshi Biography". Liang Yu Yuanwei's "On the Book Table": 'Li Sizao "Cangjie" has seven chapters, Zhao Gao has six chapters of "The Calendar", and Hu Wujing has seven chapters of "Erudition", which is divided into fifty-five chapters by later generations, which is the first volume of "Sancang";

To the mourning emperor Yuan Jiazhong, Yang Ziyun wrote "Xun Compilation" and "Joy", which is the middle volume;

In the middle of Emperor Yongyuan, Jia Shengqing continued to write "Yanjun", which is the next volume, so later generations call it "Sancang". ’

This is what later generations called the "Han Sancang", that is, the original "Qin Sancang" was the first volume, the "Discipline Chapter" continued by Yang Xiong was the middle volume, and the "Joy Chapter" continued by Ban and Jia was the second volume.

Judging from the current materials, the fifty-five chapters adapted in the early Han Dynasty have a wide circulation range and the greatest influence.

In the process of circulation, the "Cangjie Chapter" also produced a large number of works of precept interpretation, like a dictionary, for retrieval.

Among them, in the Han Dynasty, there were Yangxiong's "Cangjie Xunshu", and Du Lin's "Cangjie Xunshu" and "Cangjie So";

After the Wei and Jin dynasties, there were Zhang Yi's "Sancang Training" and Guo Pu's "Sancang Explanation";

Among them, the three volumes of "Sancang" are recorded in "Sui Zhi", and the cloud "Guo Pu's Note" is annotated, which shows that what the Tang people have seen is only Guo Pu's "Sancang Explanation".

Although the "Cangjie Chapter" is the inheritance and development of the "History Chapter", which collected the simple and convenient body at that time, with the continuous development and evolution of Chinese characters, to the Han Dynasty, especially the Eastern Han Dynasty, most of the characters collected in the "Cangjie Chapter" have become ancient characters, difficult characters and Xi words, so it is inconvenient and practical, and its historical fate of being less popular is inevitable.

Since the advent of Shi You's "Urgent Chapter", "Cangjie Chapter" has been less popular and gradually declined.

Later, when the Tang Dynasty repaired the Book of Sui, they only recorded the three volumes of the "Three Warehouses", and when the Ming Dynasty revised the "History of the Song Dynasty", they no longer mentioned the "Cangjie Chapter".

Therefore, some scholars infer from this: "Cangjie Chapter" died at the time of the overthrow of Jingkang in the Song Dynasty; However, according to common sense, the era of its loss may be even earlier, roughly at the time of the Tang, Song and Ding Revolutions.

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