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Li Guang

A native of Chengji in Longxi, his ancestor Li Xin was a famous general of the Qin Dynasty who led an army to defeat Prince Dan of Yan.

Li Guang's hometown was in Huaili, and later migrated to Chengji.

Li Guang's family has been practicing archery for generations.

In 166 BC (the fourteenth year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty), the Xiongnu invaded Xiaoguan on a large scale, and Li Guang joined the army as a son of the Liang family to fight against the Xiongnu.

Li Guang had followed the emperor several times to hunt and kill fierce beasts, and Emperor Wen of Han said: "It's a pity, you didn't meet the opportunity, if you were born in the generation of Emperor Gaozu, it would be okay to seal the marquis of ten thousand households!" ”

After Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, Li Guang was appointed as the governor of Longxi, and then changed to the general of the cavalry.

During the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu, Li Guang served as the commander of the cavalry and followed the lieutenant Zhou Yafu to counterattack the Wu and Chu rebels.

Under the city of Changyi, he captured the banner of the rebels and made great contributions, which made him famous.

However, because Liu Wu, the king of Liang, awarded him the seal of the general, after returning to the army, the court did not give him a reward.

Li Guang was transferred to Shanggu Taishou, and fought with the Xiongnu every day, and Sun Kunxie, the prince of the pawn country, cried and said to Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty: "Li Guang's talent is unparalleled in the world, he is conceited, and he has repeatedly fought hand-to-hand with the enemy, I am afraid that he will lose him." ”

So the imperial court transferred Li Guang to the county guard. Later, he successively served as Longxi, Beidi, Yanmen, Daijun, and Yunzhong Taishou, all of whom were famous for their hard work.

When the Xiongnu invaded Shangjun on a large scale, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty sent close eunuchs to follow Li Guang to train soldiers to fight against the Xiongnu.

Once, the eunuch led dozens of cavalry, galloped on horseback, encountered three Huns, and engaged them. The three men turned around and shot arrows, wounding the eunuch, and the dozens of cavalrymen were also shot to death.

The eunuch ran to Li Guang, and Li Guang said, "This must be the one who shoots the eagle." ”

Li Guang then led a hundred cavalry and chased after these three men.

The three men had no horses, walked on foot, walked for dozens of miles, Li Guang ordered the cavalry to disperse, from the left and right sides, and personally shot the three people, as a result, two people were killed, one was captured alive, and sure enough, it was the Hun who shot the eagle.

After tying up the captives and getting on their horses, they saw that the Huns had thousands of cavalry.

When they saw Li Guang, they thought it was the cavalry that lured the enemy, they were all taken aback, and went up the mountain to set up the formation, and Li Guang's 100 cavalry was also very panicked and wanted to gallop back.

Li Guang said: "We are dozens of miles away from the army, and now we are fleeing like this with a hundred cavalry, and the Huns will be completely finished as soon as they chase and shoot." If we stay now, the Huns will surely think that we are luring the enemy for a large army, and they will not dare to attack us. ”

Li Guang ordered the cavalry: "Advance!" Entering about two miles away from the Xiongnu position, he stopped, and ordered: "Get off your horse and unsaddle!" ”

His cavalry said: "The enemy is numerous and close, and if there is an emergency, what should be done?" ”

Li Guang said: "Those enemies thought that we would go, and now that they have unsaddled and said that they will not go, this can make the enemy more insistent on the wrong judgment that we are here to lure the enemy." ”

So the Hun cavalry did not dare to attack.

A Hun general on a white horse came out to guard his soldiers, Li Guang got on his horse and galloped with a dozen cavalrymen to shoot the Hun white horse general, and then returned to his cavalry, unsaddled his horse, and ordered the soldiers to let go of their horses and lie down casually.

At this time, it happened to be dark, and the Hun soldiers always felt very strange and did not dare to attack.

In the middle of the night, the Huns thought that the Han army had ambushes next to them and was ready to attack them at night, and they all withdrew.

At dawn, Li Guang returned to the army station. The army didn't know where Li Guang was, so they didn't send troops to meet him.

In 141 BC (three years after Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty), Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty died, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne.

The left and right ministers all thought that Li Guang was a famous general, so Li Guang was transferred from Shangjun Taishou to the chief of the Weiyang Palace Praetorian Guard, and Cheng Buzhi also came to serve as the chief of the Changle Palace Praetorian Guard.

Cheng Buzhi and Li Guang used to be the border county guard, and also in charge of the army garrison, to the time of sending troops to attack the Xiongnu, Li Guang marched without strict queues, formations, near the place where the water and grass are abundant, the army is stationed, everyone feels convenient in the place where they stay, and they do not fight more self-defense at night, the shogunate simplifies all kinds of paperwork and books, but he has arranged sentinels from afar, so he has never been in danger.

Cheng Buzhi was very strict with the formation of the team and the formation of the marching army and the garrison position, and he worked at night to work on the watch, and the clerical and military officials were unambiguous in handling official documents and books such as performance appraisals, and even stayed up all night, and the army could not get rest, but he never encountered danger.

Cheng Buzhi said: "Li Guang's army is simple and easy, but if the enemy suddenly attacks, he can't stop it. And his soldiers were also comfortable and happy, and they were willing to fight for him. Although my army is busy, the enemy does not dare to invade me. ”

At that time, Li Guang and Cheng Buzhi were both famous generals in the border counties of the Han Dynasty, but the Xiongnu were afraid of Li Guang's strategy, and most of the soldiers were willing to follow Li Guang, and it was difficult to follow Cheng Buzhi.

In 133 BC (the second year of Emperor Yuanguang of the Han Dynasty), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty listened to Wang Hui's words, and ambushed heavy troops in Mayi with the intention of encircling and annihilating the Xiongnu.

Four years later, Li Guang used Wei Wei as a general to attack the Xiongnu from Yanmen.

The Xiongnu had a large number of troops, defeated Li Guang's army, and captured Li Guang alive.

The Xiongnu Shan Yu always knew Li Guang's wisdom and ordered Li Guang to be captured alive, and the Xiongnu cavalry captured Li Guang alive and placed him on a net between the two horses, where Li Guang lay on the net. After walking for more than ten miles, Li Guang pretended to be dead, and secretly saw a Hun cavalry riding a good horse next to him, Li Guang suddenly jumped on the horse of the Hun cavalry, drove the horse to the south for dozens of miles, joined his subordinates, and returned to Senei.

Hundreds of Hun cavalry pursued Li Guang, and Li Guang shot the pursuers with the bows and arrows of the captured Hun cavalry, and finally escaped.

Li Guang returned to the Han Dynasty, and the imperial court handed Li Guang over to the officials to dispose of.

The officials believed that Li Guang had suffered heavy losses and was captured alive by the enemy, so he should be beheaded, and later Li Guang was redeemed as a concubine.

A few years later, Li Guanghe, the grandson of the former Yingyin Marquis who retired to Lantian County, often went hunting in the Nanshan Mountains.

Once one night, Li Guang went out with a cavalryman and drank in the fields with others.

When he came back to Baling Pavilion, Baling Lieutenant was drunk and scolded Li Guang to stop him. Li Guang's servant said: "This is the former General Li. ”

Captain Baling said: "The current general can't pass at night, let alone the predecessor's!" "Let Li Guang stay under the Baling Pavilion.

Not long after, the Xiongnu invaded Liaoxi, killed Taishou, and defeated General Han. General Han transferred to Youbeiping and died.

So the emperor appointed Li Guang as the right Beiping Taishou. Li Guang asked Captain Baling to go with him, and when Captain Baling arrived, Li Guang killed him, and then wrote a letter to apologize for his crimes.

Li Guang was in Beiping County, and the Huns called him "General Fei", hiding from Li Guang and not daring to invade for several years.

Lang Zhongling Shi Jian died, so the emperor recruited Li Guang to replace Shi Jian as Lang Zhongling.

In the sixth year of Yuan Shuo, Li Guang was transferred to the rank of general and followed the army of the general Wei Qing to attack the Xiongnu from Dingxiang County.

Most of the generals killed and captured the enemy to meet the standard and were awarded the title of marquis because of merit, while Li Guang's troops did not have merit.

Three years later, Li Guang led 4,000 cavalry from Youbeiping as Lang Zhongling, and Zhang Qian, Marquis of Bowang, led 10,000 cavalry to accompany Li Guang, and went in two ways.

After walking for about a few hundred miles, King Zuoxian of the Xiongnu led 40,000 cavalry to surround Li Guang, and Li Guang's soldiers were very frightened, so Li Guang sent his son Li Dare to attack the enemy with a fast horse.

Li Dang led dozens of cavalry alone and galloped away, penetrated the encirclement of the Hun cavalry, copied the left and right flanks of the enemy and returned, and reported to Li Guang: "The Huns are easy to deal with. The soldier settled down.

Li Guangfu formed a circular formation, facing the four sides, and the Huns attacked them fiercely, and arrows rained down.

More than half of the Han soldiers died, and the Han army was running out of arrows. Li Guang ordered the soldiers to pull the bow apart and not to release the arrows, Li Guang personally shot the enemy's lieutenant with a rhubarb crossbow, shooting a few dead, and the Huns gradually relaxed.

It happened that it was dark, and the officers and soldiers were all colorless, but Li Guang's spirit was as usual, and he commanded the army in more energetic spirits. The soldiers in the army admired his courage.

The next day, continuing to fight hard, Zhang Qian's army also arrived, and the Xiongnu army broke the siege. The Han army was too tired to pursue.

At this time, Li Guang was almost completely annihilated, so he had to collect his troops and go back.

According to the laws of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian delayed the scheduled date, was sentenced to death, paid money to atone for his crimes, and was demoted to a commoner. Li Guang's military exploits and culpability are comparable, and there is no reward.

Li Guangzeng had a private conversation with astrologer Wang Shuo and said: "Since the Han Dynasty attacked the Xiongnu, I have not once failed to participate, but the talents of officers below the rank of captain in each unit are not as good as those of the middle people, but dozens of people have been made marquis because of their military merits in attacking the Xiongnu. I'm not worse than others, but I don't have any credit for getting a fief, what's the reason for this, is it because my bone appearance shouldn't be a feud? Or is it the way it is? ”

Wang Shuo said: "The general recalled, did he ever regret anything? ”

Li Guang said: "I was too punctual in Longxi, the Qiang people rebelled, I tricked them into surrendering more than 800 people, and I killed them all in one day by fraudulent means." To this day, my greatest regret is only this incident. ”

Wang Shuo said: "There is nothing greater than killing those who have surrendered, and this is the reason why generals cannot be crowned marquis." ”

Li Guang successively served as the Taishou of seven counties, and for more than 40 years, he was rewarded and immediately distributed to his subordinates, and the food and drink were shared with the soldiers. The family has no extra possessions, and he does not talk about buying property in his life.

Li Guang was tall, long-armed, and had a talent for archery, and even his descendants and others could not catch up with him when they learned archery from him.

Li Guang was silent, did not talk to people much, lived with others, drew a battle formation on the ground, shot arrows wider than the surface of the shot, and was punished for drinking. Dedicated to archery as a game.

When he marched with his troops, he encountered a shortage of food and water, and when he saw water, the soldiers did not drink all the water, he did not go near the water's edge, the soldiers did not eat all the food, and he did not taste a mouthful of food.

He was not harsh on his soldiers, so he liked to serve them.

He shoots an arrow, sees the enemy, and within a few dozen steps, it is estimated that if he misses the shot, he will not shoot, and if he shoots, he will fall to the ground.

Therefore, he led his troops into battle, was besieged by the enemy many times, shot fierce beasts, and was injured several times.

In 119 BC (the fourth year of Yuan Hunt), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched the Battle of Mobei, led by Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to lead 50,000 cavalry from Dingxiang and Daijun to attack across the desert to conquer the Xiongnu headquarters, Li Guang asked to accompany him several times, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not agree at first because he was old, and then he could not withstand Li Guang's request and agreed to him as a former general.

After the Han army came out of the fortress, Wei Qing caught the Hun soldiers, and when he knew that Shan Yu was stationed, he brought his own elite soldiers to chase Shan Yu, and ordered Li Guang and the right general to merge and attack from the east road. The eastern road is circuitous, and there is a lack of water and grass, so it is inevitable that they cannot march in parallel.

Li Guang pleaded: "My position is a former general, but the general ordered me to send troops from the east road, besides, I have fought against the Xiongnu since I was a teenager, and I have only now gotten a chance to fight against the Xiongnu. ”

Wei Qing was secretly warned by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, thinking that Li Guang was old and had a bad fate, so he would not let him fight against Shan Yu, and he might not be able to realize his wish to capture Shan Yu.

At that time, Gongsun Ao had just lost the marquis as the lieutenant general and went out with Wei Qing, Wei Qing also wanted Gongsun Ao to fight against Shan Yu with him, and deliberately transferred Li Guang away.

Li Guang also knew the inside story, so he resolutely asked Wei Qing to change the transfer order, but Wei Qing did not agree, and ordered Changshi to write a document and send it to Li Guang's shogunate, saying to him: "Hurry up to the right general's army and do what is written in the document." ”

Li Guang set off without saying goodbye to Wei Qing, and went to the military headquarters with great anger in his heart, and set off from the East Road after leading the troops to join forces with Zhao Shiqi.

The army had no guides, sometimes got lost, and ended up behind Wei Qing, Wei Qing fought with Shan Yu, Shan Yu fled, and Wei Qing failed to capture Shan Yu alive and had to withdraw his troops.

Wei Qing traveled south across the desert before encountering the armies of Li Guang and Zhao Shiqi. Li Guang returned to his army after meeting the general.

Wei Qing sent Changshi to give Li Guang dry food and wine, and by the way, he asked Li Guang and Zhao Shiqi about the situation of getting lost, and Wei Qing wanted to write to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to report the military situation. Li Guang did not answer.

Wei Qing sent the chief Shi to urgently order Li Guang's shogunate personnel to be interrogated and confronted. Li Guang said: "The captains are not guilty, but I have lost my way, and I am now personally going to the shogunate to be tried and confronted. ”

When he arrived at the shogunate, Li Guang said to his subordinates: "I have fought against the Xiongnu more than 70 times since I was a teenager, and now I have the honor to go out with the general to fight with the army of Danyu, but the general has transferred my troops to take a long detour, but I got lost, isn't it providence?" Besides, I am over 60 years old, and I can no longer be insulted by those scribes. So he drew his sword and killed himself.

Lieutenant General Li Guangjun wept bitterly. When the people heard the news, whether they knew Li Guang or not, whether they were young or old, wept for it.

When Li Guang died, his eldest son Li Danghu and second son Li Jiao had passed away, leaving only his youngest son Li Kang.

Li Dang was Huo Quai's subordinate at the time, and was named the Marquis of Guannei because of his military exploits, and when he heard the news of his father's death, he thought that Wei Qing was arbitrarily transferred from Li Guang, so he injured Wei Qing.

Wei Qing hid Li Kang's illegal act of beating people, but Wei Qing's nephew Huo Quai's illness could not accept his subordinates beating his uncle, and later shot Li Kang while hunting in Ganquan Palace.

Li Guang's grandson, Li Ling, is a soldier. The Son of Heaven thought that the Li family would be the general, and Li Guang's tomb would make eight hundred horses.

Taste deep into the Xiongnu more than 2,000 miles, live and look at the terrain, and return without seeing anything.

Bai was the captain of the cavalry, and 5,000 people from Danyang Chu were taught to shoot Jiuquan and Zhangye to guard Hu.

A few years old, in the autumn of the second year of the Tianhan Dynasty, Li Guangli, the general of the second division, sent 30,000 cavalry to attack the right virtuous king of the Xiongnu in the Tianshan of Qilian, and Li Ling made 5,000 of his archery infantry out of Yanbei for more than 1,000 miles.

Li Ling returned to the deadline, and only besieged Li Ling's army with 80,000 soldiers.

Li Ling's army of 5,000 people was exhausted, more than half of the soldiers were killed, and more than 10,000 Huns were killed or wounded.

And lead and fight, fight for eight days, has not yet reached Juyan more than 100 miles, the Huns cover the narrow road, Li Ling is short of food and the rescue soldiers can not be saved, and the captives are in a hurry to recruit the tomb.

Ling said: "Report to Your Majesty without a face." Then the Huns were surrendered.

Its soldiers were wiped out, and more than 400 people were scattered to the Han Dynasty.

Alone in the vested Li Ling, I have heard of his family's voice, and the battle is strong, but it is expensive for the tomb of his daughter.

Han Wen, the wife of the mother of the clan. Since then, the Li family has been defeated, and the people of Longxi are ashamed to use it.

Later Tang Dynasty emperors Li Yuan and Li Shimin posthumously recognized Li Guang and Li Dang as their ancestors.

(End of chapter)