Popular science transition chapter, if you don't want to watch popular science, you can not subscribe······

·

Zhang Shizhi

In his early years, Zhang Shizhi lived with his elder brother Zhang Zhong.

Because the family has a lot of wealth, he donated the official to become a rider and serve Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty.

Zhang Shizhi has been an official for ten years, obscurity, no promotion, and a lot of money has been spent.

Zhang Shizhi said to others: Being an official for so long has reduced my brother's industry a lot (long-term eunuch reduction of middle production).

Zhonglang General Yuan Ang knew that he had both ability and political integrity, and regretted his departure, so he asked Emperor Wen of Han to transfer him as a confessor.

After Zhang Shizhi met Emperor Wen, he said that he would benefit the country and the people, and Emperor Wen of Han said: "Don't talk too much, say something close to real life and can be implemented immediately." ”

So, Zhang Shizhi expressed his opinion on the death of Qin and Han Xing, and Emperor Wen of Han was very satisfied after hearing this, so he appointed him as a servant of the confessor.

When Zhang Shizhi was appointed as a servant, he followed Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty to Shanglin Yuan to watch the tiger, and Emperor Wen asked more than a dozen questions about the animals raised in the tiger enclosure, and Captain Shanglin looked around and could not answer.

The husband who took care of the tiger circle answered these questions very thoughtfully, wanting to show that he was familiar with the business and answered all questions.

Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty thought that being an official should be like this, and Shanglin Lieutenant was unqualified, so he ordered Zhang Shizhi to appoint a Sifu to replace Shanglin Lieutenant.

Zhang Shizhi did not agree with Emperor Wen of Han's approach, so he asked Emperor Wen of Han: What do you think of Zhou Bo, Marquis of Jiang, and Zhang Xiangru, Marquis of Dongyang, Emperor Wen of Han replied that he was an elder who was old and virtuous.

Zhang Shizhi said: "Zhou Bo and Zhang Xiangru can be called elders, but neither of them is good at talking. ”

Subsequently, Zhang Shizhi cited history and took the Qin Dynasty's heavy use of clerical officials with no pen and no compassion as an example, and finally led to the death of the country, suggesting that Emperor Wen should not be promoted because of his sharp teeth, so as not to be effective and establish unhealthy trends.

Emperor Wen of Han adopted Zhang Shizhi's suggestion and did not promote the husband.

Out of Shanglin Garden, Emperor Wen drove back to the palace and let Zhang Shizhi accompany him.

On the way, Emperor Wen of Han asked Zhang Shizhi about the failure of the Qin Dynasty, and Zhang Shizhi said it according to the facts.

Emperor Wen of Han was very satisfied, so he appointed Zhang Shizhi as a bus order.

Zhang Shizhi was appointed as the bus commander and was in charge of the palace gate.

The crown prince Liu Qi (later Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty) and Liu Yi, the king of Liang, entered the court in the same car, but did not get off at Sima Gate outside the palace, violating the palace guard order.

Zhang Shizhi caught up with the crown prince and the king of Liang, prevented them from entering the palace, and impeached the prince and the king of Liang to Emperor Wen of Han on the charge of "passing through Sima Gate and not getting out of the car".

Emperor Wen of Han had to take off his hat to accompany the crime, and the Empress Dowager Bo knew about it and personally issued an amnesty order, so that the crown prince and King Liang were able to enter the palace.

Emperor Wen noticed that Zhang Shizhi was different, so he appointed him as a middle doctor.

Soon after, Zhang Shizhi was promoted to Zhonglang General and followed Emperor Wen and Mrs. Shen to Baling.

Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty ascended to the Mausoleum, looked north, pointed to the road to Xinfeng and said to Mrs. Shen: "This is the road to Handan." ”

Then, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty asked Mrs. Shen to play the se, and she sang to the tune of the se, and her heart was very sad and sad, and he turned back to the ministers and said: "Use the stones of the North Mountain to make a coffin, and the gaps are blocked with chopped ramie silk wool, and then apply it with lacquer, can it still be opened?" ”

The ministers thought this method was very good, and they all echoed it.

Zhang Shizhi said to the front: "If there is something in it that can arouse people's greed, even if Nanshan is sealed as a coffin, there will be gaps; If there is nothing in it that arouses people's greed, even if there is no stone coffin, where is there any need to worry! ”

Emperor Wen praised Zhang Shizhi's statement and later appointed him as a court lieutenant.

Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty traveled to Zhongwei Bridge, and suddenly a person ran out from under the bridge, startling the horse driven by Emperor Wen, Emperor Wen was almost thrown off, very annoyed, so he ordered someone to arrest this person and handed it over to Tingwei for investigation.

After Zhang Shizhi's interrogation, he was judged to be "offending the car driver and fined four taels" in accordance with the law, and went to the imperial court.

Emperor Wen of Han was angry and thought that the sentence was too light.

Zhang Shizhi explained: "The law should be observed by the Son of Heaven and the people, and should not be favoritism. The law has rules, if the punishment is increased, how to win the trust of the people. Tingwei is the leader of the world's fair law enforcement, if Tingwei is unjust, the local area will also be unfair, and the people will panic!"

Emperor Wen of Han thought for a long time before saying, "Tingwei's sentencing sentence is right."

Someone stole the jade ring in the temple of Han Gaozu and was caught by the guards, Emperor Wen of Han was very angry and ordered the court commander Zhang Shizhi to severely punish the thieves.

In accordance with the relevant laws, Zhang Shizhi asked Emperor Wen to sentence him to abandon the city. Emperor Wen of Han was furious and thought that his nine clans should be punished.

Zhang Shizhi argued according to the law, saying: "According to the law, abandoning the market is already the highest punishment." Stealing the temple artifacts will exterminate the whole clan, if someone steals a handful of soil on the Changling Tomb in the future, how should it be punished? ”

Emperor Wen of Han and Empress Dowager Bo discussed for a long time and approved Zhang Shizhi's verdict.

Lieutenant Tiao Hou Zhou Yafu and Liang Xiangshan Marquis Wang Tiankai saw Zhang Shizhi's fair discussion and were very impressed, so they became close friends with him.

Zhang Shizhi was praised by people all over the world.

After the death of Emperor Wen of Han, Emperor Jing of Han ascended the throne.

Zhang Shizhi impeached Emperor Jing who was the crown prince in his early years, so he was extremely frightened in his heart, wanting to retire from illness, but also worried about incurring greater punishment, and wanted to apologize to Emperor Jing in person, but he didn't know what to do.

Later, Wang Sheng's strategy was adopted, and finally saw Emperor Han Jing apologize in person, and Emperor Han Jing did not blame him.

Because Zhang Shizhi offended Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, a year later, he was demoted to the state minister of King Huainan.

After a long time, Zhang Shizhi passed away.

While absorbing the Legalist viewpoints of "the law is not noble" and "punishment has no rank", Zhang Shizhi also inherited the Confucian legal thinking of "clear virtue and prudent punishment" and the law enforcement principle of "those suspected of crimes should be given to the people", insisted on sentencing according to law, standardized and orderly, and avoided heavy sentences for minor crimes or light sentences for serious crimes.

In particular, the non-aggravation of punishment for the common people, a vulnerable group, fully embodies the law enforcement spirit of "it is better to kill than to be innocent" praised by the Chinese legal and cultural traditions, and forms a strong contrast with the "prison officials" of the Qin and Han dynasties, who were harsh in their judgments, cruel and unbridled, and corrupted the law.

He enforced the law in a peaceful manner and made legal judgments as consistent as possible with objective conditions and in a standardized and orderly manner.

·

·

·

Feng Tang

Feng Tang's grandfather was a native of Zhao during the Warring States period. His father moved to Daidi.

After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, it moved to Anling.

Feng Tang was known for his filial piety, and was recommended to be the director of Zhonglang and served Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty.

Once, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty passed by the official office where Feng Tang served and asked Feng Tang, "Why is the old man still being a Lang official?" Where is home? ”

Feng Tang answered truthfully.

Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty said: "When I was in Daijun, my Shang Shi supervisor Gao Di talked to me many times about the talent of the Zhao general Li Qi and told me about his battle under Julu City. Now every time I eat, I always think of Li Qi during the Battle of Julu. Does the old man know about this person? ”

Feng Tang replied: "He is not as good as Lian Po and Li Mu's commanding talent. ”

Emperor Wen of Han said, "Why do you say that? ”

Feng Tang said: "When my grandfather was in the Zhao State, he served as the commander of the soldiers, and he had a good friendship with Li Mu. My father used to be a generation minister, and he also had a close relationship with Zhao General Li Qi, so he can know who they are. ”

After listening to Feng Tang's account, Emperor Wen of Han was very happy, patted his thigh and said: "I just can't get people like Lian Po and Li Mu as generals, if there are such generals, am I still worried about the Xiongnu?" ”

Feng Tang said: "Chen Cheng is afraid, I think Your Majesty will not appoint them even if he gets Lian Po and Li Mu." ”

Emperor Wen of Han was furious and got up to go back to the palace.

After a long while, he summoned Feng Tang again and reprimanded him, "Why did you insult me in public? Can't you just tell me privately? ”

Feng Tang apologized and said: "I, an ugly person, don't know how to avoid taboos. ”

At this time, the Xiongnu invaded the Han Dynasty and killed Sun Wei, the commander of the northern land. Emperor Wen of Han was worried about this, so he finally asked Feng Tang again: "How do you know that I can't appoint Lian Po and Li Mu?" ”

Feng Tang replied: "I heard that in ancient times, when the king sent a general, he knelt down and pushed the hub of the cart and said, I will decide the matters within the country, and the affairs outside the country will be decided by the general.

All the rewards for meritorious service in the army are decided by the general, and they will be reported to the court when they return.

This is not an exaggeration.

My grandfather said that when Li Mu commanded the army on the border of Zhao, he used the collected taxes to reward his subordinates.

The reward was decided by the general from outside, and the court did not intervene from it. The king gave him a heavy task and asked him to succeed, so Li Mu was able to give full play to his talents.

Dispatching 1,300 selected military vehicles, 13,000 soldiers skilled in cavalry and archery, and 100,000 soldiers who could make meritorious deeds, they were able to expel Shan Yu in the north, break the Eastern Hu, wipe out the forest, suppress the strong Qin in the west, and support Han and Wei in the south.

At this time, Zhao almost became the overlord of the world. Later, it coincided with the accession of Zhao Wangqian to the throne, and his mother was a woman who sang songs. As soon as he ascended the throne, he listened to Guo Kai's slander, and finally killed Li Mu and let Yan Ju replace him.

Therefore, the army was defeated and was captured and eliminated by the Qin people.

Now I heard that Wei Shang was the county guard of Yunzhong County, and he used all the taxes in the military market to reward the soldiers, and also took out his personal money, killed cattle once every five days, and entertained guests, military officials, and close to the left and right, so the Huns avoided far away and did not dare to approach the border fortress of Yunzhong County.

The Xiongnu invaded once, and Wei Shang led an army to attack, killing many enemy troops.

Those soldiers are all children of ordinary people, who came from the village to join the army, how can they know the laws and regulations of "ruler book" and "Wu Fu"?

They only knew that they would fight hard all day long, kill the enemy and capture prisoners, report their merits to the shogunate, and if there was a word that did not fit the actual situation, the judge would punish them with the law.

The reward due to him cannot be honored, and the judge will hold him accountable according to the law.

I foolishly think that His Majesty's decrees are too strict, the rewards are too light, and the punishments are too heavy.

Moreover, Wei Shang, the county guard of Yunzhong County, was only guilty of misreporting and killing six more enemies, so His Majesty handed him over to the judge, stripped him of his title, and sentenced him to one year in prison.

From this point of view, even if Your Majesty gets Lian Po and Li Mu, it cannot be reused.

I am indeed stupid, I have violated the taboo, I deserve to be a capital crime, I deserve to be a capital crime! ”

Emperor Wen of Han was very happy, and on the same day, he asked Feng Tang to send an envoy with the Han Festival to pardon Wei Shang, re-appoint him as the county guard of Yunzhong County, and appointed Feng Tang as the commander of the chariot and cavalry, in charge of the lieutenant and the chariot warriors of the counties.

After Emperor Jing of Han ascended the throne, Feng Tang was appointed minister of Chu, but was soon deposed.

After the death of Emperor Jing of Han, Emperor Wu of Han ascended the throne.

At that time, the Xiongnu committed the border, and the emperor recruited virtuous and virtuous, although Feng Tang was recommended again, but he was already over ninety years old, and he could only appoint his son Feng Sui as Lang.

Because Feng Tang came out too late, and because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was already old when he sought talent, he had more than enough heart and insufficient strength.

Later scholars and literati often used Feng Tang to describe "it is difficult to achieve ambition when you are old".

·

·

·

Wei Juan

Wei Juan is a native of Daling, Daijun, because of his skills in making cars, he became a Lang official, served Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, accumulated merit and gradually rose to the rank of Zhonglang general, with a generous and cautious temperament, and no other distractions.

When Emperor Xiaojing was the crown prince, he summoned the emperor's close ministers to feast and drink, but Wei Juan pretended to be sick and did not go.

Before his death, Emperor Wen of Han instructed Emperor Jing of Han to say: "Wei Juan is a loyal elder, and he will be treated well." ”

After more than a year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty ascending the throne, he ignored Wei Juan, and Wei Juan became more and more cautious and serious.

Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty went to Shanglin Yuan and ordered Lang to take Wei Juan as an escort in a car.

After returning to the palace, Emperor Han Jing asked, "Do you know why you can ride in the same car with me?" ”

Wei Juan said: "I am the person who plays the car in Daijun, and I was lucky to be promoted to Zhonglang General because of my merits." I don't know why. ”

The emperor questioned him: "I have summoned you as the crown prince, why don't you come?" ”

Wei Juan replied: "It's really a capital crime, I'm sick." ”

The emperor gave him a sword, and Wei Juan said: "The first emperor has given me six swords, and the minister does not dare to accept the reward again." ”

The Emperor said, "Swords are easy to be exchanged, but are you the only one who has kept them to this day?" ”

Wei Juan said: "It's all kept." ”

The emperor asked him to take six swords, and the swords were all in the sheath, and they had never been used.

Wei Juan's subordinate Lang Guan has mistakes, he always covers them up, does not argue with others, and always humbly gives credit to others.

The emperor thought that he was honest and faithful, and had no other heart, so he appointed him as the prince of Hejian.

During the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu, the imperial court ordered Wei Juan to be a general and lead the troops of Hejian to crusade against the rebels, so he made a contribution and was promoted to lieutenant.

Three years later, he was awarded the title of Marquis of Jianling for his military merits.

The following year, the emperor abolished the crown prince Liu Rong and killed Li Qing, a relative of the crown prince, and others.

Because Wei Juan was old and virtuous, the emperor couldn't bear to move him, so he gave him leave to return to his hometown, and sent Zhidu to try and arrest the Li family.

After that, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty established King Jiaodong as the crown prince, recalled Wei Xuan, appointed him as the crown prince, and promoted him to the imperial historian.

Five years later, he replaced Taohou Liu She as prime minister.

The director of the DPRK and the Central Committee is just a duty.

However, from the beginning of his official position to the position of prime minister, he has never made any achievements or mistakes.

The emperor thought that he was generous and old and suitable for the young master, and respected and trusted him very much, and rewarded him a lot.

He served as prime minister for three years, Emperor Jing of Han collapsed, and Emperor Wu of Han ascended the throne.

During the Jianyuan period, because when Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty was sick, there were many innocent prisoners in the government, and as the prime minister, he was unable to be responsible for redressing grievances and was dismissed.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Dou still controlled the government and did not allow her to change her thinking about governing the country.

Soon after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he issued an edict to "raise virtuous and upright people who can speak straightforwardly".

Prime Minister Wei Juan proposed to dismiss the scholars of the two schools of Legalism and Zonghengjia among the virtuous literary squares cited, although Wei Juan did not mention "deposing the hundred schools", but it still caused the dissatisfaction of the Empress Dowager Dou, and a few months later, Wei Juan was dismissed from the post of prime minister under the pretext of excuse.

After Wei Juan's death, he was called the Marquis.

(End of chapter)