If you want to say that the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period contended, which one was the most popular and the most awesome at that time?

Not Confucianism.

Nor is it Taoist.

It's not the Mo family.

It's a Legalist.

Yes.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, almost every representative of Legalism changed a country or even an era.

Li Kui of Wei was.

South Korea's Shin is harmless.

and then went to Shang Ying, who made contributions to the Qin State.

Of course.

There is also Han Feizi and Li Si in the back, who are also from the Legalists.

As for the more front, Guan Zhong is also a representative of Legalism.

Even Wu Qi is also a representative figure of Legalism.

It's just that because the Wei Wushu led by Wu Qishuai is too awesome, many people regard him as a soldier.

But in fact.

Wu Qi is proficient in soldiers, Confucianism, and Legalism...... A sage who has learned countless talents.

Arguably.

It is precisely because of their appearance that certain countries have become rich and powerful.

And the Qin State, because of Shang Ying, had the foundation to unify the world.

"Gongsun Ying was originally a patriot, but later went to Wei and defected to the door of Gongsun Xuan, the minister of Wei. When Gongsun Acne was old and seriously ill, he recommended Gongsun Martingale to King Wei Hui. It is said that Gongsun Martingale is young and talented, and he can hand over the Wei State to Gongsun Martingale for management in the future. And said, if you don't reuse Gongsun Marting, then you should kill Gongsun Marting. Otherwise, Gongsun Martingale was obtained by other countries, which would be a huge threat to Wei. ”

It's just a pity that King Wei Hui felt that Gongsun Acne's words were too unbelievable, so he didn't adopt Gongsun Acne's words. In addition, the Wei State was very powerful at that time and was full of talents, so there was no reuse of Gongsun Martingale. Later, Gongsun Yan said to Gongsun Ying, you should leave Wei quickly, otherwise the king of Wei will kill you. But Gongsun Ying shook his head and said, since King Wei didn't reuse him, naturally he wouldn't kill him. So he did not leave the Wei State, until, when Gongsun Yan died, Gongsun Martingale was still not reused. Disheartened, it happened that Qin Xiaogong of Qin State issued a recruitment order, so he came to Qin State from Wei State. ”

Gongsun Ying admired Li Kui's changes in Wei very much, so when he went to Qin, the only thing Gongsun Ying brought was Li Kui's "Book of Law". Moreover, he asked someone to find a relationship to meet the King of Qin. At the beginning, Gongsun Ying explained the royal road and the emperor's way to Qin Xiaogong, and Qin Xiaogong dozed off when he heard it. Later, Gongsun Ying no longer talked about the royal way and the emperor, but talked about the hegemony with Qin Xiaogong. All of a sudden, Qin Xiaogong came to the spirit. After a period of time, Gongsun Martingale explained to Qin Xiaogong the way to make the country rich and the people strong, and at this point, Qin Xiaogong knew that Gongsun Martingale was a talent and began to reuse him. ”

Qin Xiaogong is the son of Qin Xiangong.

Not the same as his father.

Qin Xiangong adopted a strategy of being strong with the Wei state.

Although such a strategy did allow Wei to not find too much advantage for Qin.

But after Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne, he clearly knew the national strength of Qin.

He understood.

Continue to fight with the Wei State, with the strength of the Qin State, it can only be finished.

has been fighting with Wei Guo before, and it is completely a slap in the face to fill the fat man.

So.

He desperately needs a figure like Li Kui of Wei to change the law internally, and then make the country strong.

At this time, Gongsun Martingale was such a character.

Subsequently, Qin Xiaogong adopted the strategy of Gongsun Martingale and began to change the law in the Qin State. In the early days of the reform, it was basically a continuation of Li Kui's reform in the Wei State. Even the legal stripes are based on the Book of Law. However, with the continuous advancement of the reform, Gongsun Martingale carried out more in-depth reforms to the reform. ”

In addition to continuing Li Kui's suppression of the aristocracy and abolishing the hereditary system, this reform continued. Gongsun Martingale also carried out a major reform of the military, and he promulgated the 20th rank of knighthood in the military area. And it is stipulated that as long as the person has achieved military merits, then he can receive the knighthood according to such rules. And what is the basis for the achievement of war merit, that is, by killing. As long as you get the head of one of the enemy on the battlefield, you can get a first-class knight, a hare of fields, a house, and a servant. Kill two people and get higher titles and rewards. At the same time, as long as a soldier kills more enemies on the battlefield, he will be rewarded not only for himself, but also for his family. Even, if some of the family members are prisoners, they can be released. Some of the family members are slaves, and they can also obtain the status of commoners. ”

Such a reform suddenly improved the combat effectiveness of the soldiers of the Qin State. After all, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, not all soldiers wanted to fight. Some were forced to have no choice but to be forcibly recruited by the state. Sometimes they fight when they win, and run if they can't. So many times, the combat effectiveness of soldiers in many countries is not high. However, the changes adopted by Gongsun Ying gave countless benefits to the soldiers. ”

While saying.

Then.

The staff handed Chen Fan a cultural relic: "Here is a bamboo slip that records the soldiers of the Qin State at that time to write letters to their families, and the person who wrote the letter was called Heifu and the other was shocked." The translated meaning is roughly that February Xinsi, Heifu and Jing sincerely greeted the eldest brother again, and the mother is okay? We're both pretty good. A few days ago, Heifu and Surprise were separated, and today they are reunited.

"The Legend of the Fairy Tree"

Send some money to Heifu, and ask my mother to make some summer clothes, and send them with them. After receiving this letter, I asked my mother to compare the price of Anlu silk cloth, and if it was not expensive, she would buy it to make a whole set of summer clothes. Mother must do it, and when she finishes it, she will send it with the money. If the silk cloth is expensive, just send money, and I will buy the cloth here and make it myself. Heifu is going to fight Huaiyang City, it may take a long time, I don't know what will happen, I hope the money sent by my mother must not be too small. When you receive the letter, send me a reply, and tell us if you have ...... the title you earned for your family."

This reflects the military merit system of the Qin State at that time.

Soldiers are ready to sacrifice when they are out fighting.

But why they are willing to die is actually that the Qin State has a complete military merit system.

Like a knighthood, or like a lot of money rewards.

Even if you can't enjoy it, you can keep it for your family.

Therefore, the two of them wrote letters to their families, and they did not have any embarrassment in asking for money and cloth.

Because this is what they earned with their lives.

"This kind of military merit system feels even more awesome than Wei Wushu."

"Well, although Wei Wushu is awesome, the cost is too huge, and not ordinary people can be Wei Wushu. But this reform of Gongsun Marting, even ordinary soldiers, they can burst out with huge combat effectiveness. ”

"Yes, anyway, I'm on the battlefield, sister, it's enough to kill one, and it's enough to kill two."

"If you kill two, you will have a knighthood if you kill one. It's almost like fighting monsters in a game, seeing the enemy, no matter what, you have to kill one person first. ”

"Well, this is a fatal temptation for ordinary people."

Yes.

It was basically impossible for ordinary people to change their fate at that time.

In those days.

A nobleman is a nobleman, a commoner is a commoner, and a slave is a slave.

They will not change in their lifetime and cannot change.

After all, there were no imperial examinations at that time, and there were no martial arts.

There is no such thing as a recommendation for meritocracy.

But as soon as such a change came out, it gave the soldiers a chance to change their fate from the bottom to the top.

Although this opportunity must be to take your life to Bo.

But even so, there are still countless soldiers who are willing.

But that's not all, Gongsun Martingale also implemented the joint sitting method in the reform of the army. This conspiracy, that is, if any one of them commits a crime or has other problems, the entire person involved in it will also be punished. For example, when the last battle, the Qin State generally designated five people as a team. If one of the five escapes, back off...... Wait, all five of them have to be killed. In this way, the combat effectiveness of the entire unit has been unprecedentedly enhanced. Because you can only save your life if you step forward. Even, if you find someone in the team trying to escape. You can't let him escape if you want to live. ”

Of course, this kind of sitting is not only among the troops, but also among the people. In order to improve the governance of the monarch, Gongsun Martingale also implemented a joint sitting system among the common people. So, in order to survive, the people all supervised each other. If there is any problem, they will report it to the top as soon as possible. In this way, the command of the whole country becomes unimpeded. ”

Such a joint sitting can be said to be quite strict.

Even to the end.

Gongsun Ying himself was suspicious of the king of Qin, and then fled, and no one in the Qin state received him.

Why?

It lies in the joint sitting system formulated by Gongsun Martingale himself.

If there are people who accept Gongsun Martingale and whether Gongsun Martingale dies or not, they don't know, but these people will definitely die.

But.

That's a story for later.

Arguably.

Gongsun Marting's changes not only changed the Qin state, but also changed the whole of China.

Chen Fan continued: "In addition to these, Gongsun Ying also adopted the county system implemented by the Chu State that year and abolished the feudal system, which also greatly improved the power of the monarch of the Qin State. ”

After such a series of reforms, all of a sudden, the strength of the entire Qin State was unprecedentedly improved.

"Teacher Chen Fan, although Gongsun Marting's change is good, but it also offends the power of many nobles, has he been resisted in the change?"

At this time, a fan asked a question at the scene.

"That's a good question."

Chen Fan nodded.

Almost all of his changes will touch the interests of some other people.

At the same time.

The failure of a series of changes was also due to the obstruction of some other stakeholders.

For example, Wu Qi changed the law, and Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty changed the law...... Wait a minute.

He fell short in the end because of the counterattack of the old forces.

"Yes, the state of Qin, like other countries, also has nobles. This kind of reform such as the abolition of hereditary inheritance and the adoption of a strict joint sitting system not only offended the power of many nobles, but even some ordinary people could not stand it. Because it's too strict, it's possible to commit a crime if you're not careful. However, among them, Qin Xiaogong was an absolute supporter of Gongsun Marting, which also enabled the entire reform to be maintained. On the other hand, Gongsun Martingale was also an iron-blooded reformer. At that time, Qin's husband's son, Yingsi, was also the prince at that time, and he touched the reform. But even so, Gongsun Martingale is also iron-faced and selfless. Because Yingsi is the prince and cannot be punished, Gongsun Ying directly cut off the nose of the prince's teacher to show everyone that even if the prince touches the reform, he will be punished. Under such strict reforms, Qin's reforms were smoothly implemented. ”

Other than that.

And one more.

Qin Xiaogong is also an extremely forgiving monarch.

Compared with his father Qin Xiangong, Qin Xiaogong knew that the strength of Qin could not compete with Wei.

At this time, he knew the difficulty of reform, and he did not want the reform to be broken by external forces.

So Qin Xiaogong directly negotiated peace with Wei and ceded the land.

Ultimately.

Wei no longer attacked Qin, which also allowed Qin to buy time to change the law.

"After the reform of Gongsun Marting, the overall strength of the Qin State has been greatly improved. This increase in strength was also manifested on the military battlefield, and in the later period, the Qin state took advantage of the opportunity of Sun Bin of the Qi state to defeat Pang Juan, and once attacked the Wei state in a big way, and defeated the Wei state. And because Gongsun Martingale had meritorious service in the reform, he defeated Wei with his commanders. So Qin Xiaogong sealed Gongsun Martingale in the commercial land, so Gongsun Martingale is also called Shang Martingale. ”

Naturally, the Shang Dynasty reform has a longer impact than other changes.

So.

Chen Fan was also much more detailed when explaining the Shang Martingale Method.

But.

In addition to Chen Fan's fans, there are also many researchers in the field of history.

When Chen Fan finished talking about the Shang Dynasty reforms, a scholar asked: "Teacher Chen Fan, most of the changes can be effectively implemented when the monarch is alive. However, after the death of the monarch, without the strong support of the monarch, the reform will fail. For example, the Wu Qi reform you talked about earlier, when the monarch of Chu died, no one supported Wu Qi anymore, and in the end, Wu Qi's reform was only half successful. ”

"Yes."

Chen Fan nodded.

This is also what Chen Fan is going to talk about next: "People always die, and Qin Xiaogong is the same." After the death of Qin Xiaogong, a group of old nobles who had been attacked by Shang Ying began to take revenge on Shang Yang frantically. At this time, the one who took over the position of Qin Xiaogong was the crown prince Yingsi, who had been punished by Shang Ying before, that is, the later King Qin Huiwen. ”

This King Qin Huiwen is the husband of Miyue in Miyue's biography.

"It's just that although King Qin Huiwen doesn't like Shang Ying, he is a promising monarch. He deeply realized that although Shang Ying's reform was too strict, he even punished himself. However, the Qin State got tangible benefits because of the Shang Dynasty reform. But in the end, Shang Ying's change of law offended too many people, so King Qin Huiwen killed Shang Ying, and he became angry with the old aristocratic forces. However, for the sake of the Qin state, he still followed the law of Shang Ying. In this way, although Shang Ying died, a series of achievements of Shang Ying's reform have been retained. ”

This said.

The crowd nodded.

"I see."

"Although other countries have become stronger, the entire legal reform cannot be inherited, so it cannot always maintain the original advantage."

It's just that.

Qin's ability to dominate the world was not entirely due to Shang Ying's reforms.

The Shang Dynasty reform only brought the foundation for Qin's unification of the world.

Whether it can dominate the world or not, it is uncertain.

Because in history.

Any one thing can change the course of history.

Let alone.

Sometimes, if a certain country has a faint king in a certain period, he can abolish all the merits of the previous martyrs.

But this is a special issue in the Qin State.

Because after Qin Xiao's Gong Shang Yang changed the law, there was no faint monarch in the Qin State.

Even, not only did not there appear a faint monarch, but he also appeared several generations of Ming monarchs.

Just as Jia Yi, a famous minister of the Han Dynasty, wrote in "On the Passage of Qin": As for the first emperor, the remnants of the sixth emperor, Zhen Chang and Yu Yu, swallowed two weeks and died the princes, performed the supreme and controlled Liuhe, knocked on Pu to whip the world, and vibrated the four seas......

The aftermath of Fen VI here, that is, the Qin State's ability to dominate the world is also related to the six generations of wise monarchs of the Qin State.