From the Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, there seems to be no one living in this C-shaped plain where Liangzhu is located.

The sixth cultural layer below the cultural layer of the Zhou Dynasty also came to the Maqiao cultural layer.

This layer is yellow-brown soil, containing more yellow sandstone particles and a small amount of charcoal, and the structure is rougher.

Unearthed sand red and brown Jomon pottery shards, printed hard pottery shards, the identifiable shapes include sand red pottery ding, sand red pottery pots, stone axes, stone arrowheads, gravel stones, etc., and a small amount of stones.

The Maqiao culture was named after the fact that this kind of remains were first found in the middle layer of the Maqiao site in Shanghai, and was named Maqiao culture in 1982.

In terms of chronology, the Maqiao culture is closely followed by the Liangzhu culture, but the cultural appearance is completely different.

There is no direct lineage between the two.

The Maqiao culture inherited a small number of cultural factors of the Liangzhu culture, and the whole type of Liangzhu cultural factors did not dominate the Maqiao culture.

The research results show that the Maqiao culture is derived from the primitive culture of the mountainous areas of southwest Zhejiang, and it also includes the Yueshi culture in Shandong and the Erlitou culture in the Central Plains.

Compared with the dynastic sequence in the Central Plains, the age of the Maqiao culture is roughly equivalent to that of the Xia and Shang in the Central Plains.

After all, whether it was Xia or Shang, their core ruling area did not include the Jianghuai region, which was still occupied by Huaiyi and barbarians further south.

Under the 6th layer, there are a small number of relics of the Maqiao culture and Liangzhu culture periods, mainly concentrated in the west of the ditch.

The middle and eastern parts of the exploration ditch are the accumulation layers of the dam body.

Digging here, you can already see the dam body.

According to the different stacking methods, the dam body can be stacked into upper and lower parts, the upper part is stacked in sections or blocks, and the lower part is stacked in layers in a unified manner.

What does that mean?

It is this dam that was not built in one go, but at the beginning a platform foundation that may be four or five meters high was built below, and then piled up one section and one section above it, and finally built such a dam more than ten meters high.

As for why the construction process was 5,000 years ago, Chen Han and they could still see it.

Of course, it is because the soil and soil color used in different sections of the dam are different.

The topmost part is stacked differently from left to right.

The first section is yellow-brown clay, with yellow and red soil blocks, the soil is dense and pure, the pile is relatively flat, the blocks are piled up, and the thickness is 1.2~1.7 meters.

The second section is reddish-brown clay, with brown soil blocks, less sand grains, a small amount of charcoal chips, dense soil, block-like accumulation, and a thickness of about 1.15 meters.

The third section is yellow-brown soil, with a large number of coarse sand grains and reddish-brown soil blocks, the soil is hard, thin in the west and thick in the east, and the blocks are piled up, with a thickness of 0.5~1.2 meters.

The fourth section is gray-brown clay, with purple clods, the soil is dense and pure, and the blocks are piled up, thin in the west and thick in the east, with a thickness of 0.18~0.5 meters.

According to the stacking situation, it can be judged that this layer of soil blocks is piled inward from the east and west sides at the same time.

Any traces left by human activities or buildings can be used to restore the original construction process through these traces.

Because as long as it is done artificially, different times, different materials, and even different techniques will leave different traces.

Even if it is just a little difference in the color of the soil layer and the difference in the material used, it is enough for archaeologists to restore its original appearance.

However, this must be figured out by leading experts in soil structure and field archaeology.

That is, Kong Jianwen and Professor Li can hold a square shovel, study on the profile, and draw lines.

Chen Han and Zhuang Yunpeng are doing more of another thing.

Sort out the relics that were dug up during the trial run.

Yes, as a dam of 5,000 years ago, in the process of digging a trench, it is inevitable that some remnants of an earlier period will be excavated and superimposed on top of the dam.

The 10-meter-long and four-meter-wide exploration ditch, although the number of relics found is limited, the species is relatively simple, including ash pits, ash ditches and a small number of pillar holes, which belong to the Liangzhu culture, Maqiao culture period and Tang Dynasty, and there are no cultural relics of the Zhou Dynasty and Song Dynasty.

However, the relics of the Liangzhu culture and the Maqiao culture period can be said to be important each.

Liangzhu cultural relics, only one gray ditch was found, numbered T1G3.

The ash ditch is located at the west end of the exploration ditch T1 and is stacked under the 6th layer.

After all, during the Liangzhu culture, this dam was still in use, and it was usually impossible for ordinary people to live in the location of the dam, so the ruins were just that.

Moreover, this ruin also broke the dam body, which may be a relatively late relic of Liangzhu, when the dam may have been abandoned or no longer valued, and only then did people move on it.

However, there are fewer unearthed relics of this site, Chen Han and Zhuang Yunpeng cleaned up for a long time, and they also cleaned up the stone Yuntian ware, fish fin-shaped sand-filled red pottery, side flattened sand-filled red pottery, sand-filled gray pottery solid foot, Xuanzu and so on.

The so-called "so-and-so foot" literally means that there is only one fragment of a "foot" of a tripod or a cup, rather than a piece of pottery that can be pieced together.

irresponsible speculation, perhaps the dam was used as a garbage dump by the people of Liangzhu at a certain time.

The pottery, which had been broken and broken to pieces, was thrown here.

The garbage collection bin belongs to yes.

However, Lin Ya and several other colleagues from the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences found a large number of Maqiao cultural relics.

Most of the relics of the Maqiao culture are on the fifth layer, and sometimes the sixth layer will be broken.

Among the relics unearthed, there are a large number of pottery shards.

What diamond-shaped clay yellow pottery shards, plain sand-filled gray black pottery shards and hard pottery shards, sand-filled red pottery or black rope pattern pottery shards, and mat pattern, string pattern or plain hard pottery shards, etc.

Broadly speaking, most of these pottery shards can be identified as clay pots.

It can be seen that although the Maqiao culture is much later than the Liangzhu culture in terms of time, it is about the culture of the Xia and Shang periods.

The development of the pottery that gave birth to it is obviously much monotonous, and basically the pottery used is mainly clay pots.

Seven or eight relics of the Maqiao culture, and the unearthed pottery shards are all part of the clay pot.

And there is only one of the relics of Liangzhu, but there are pottery pieces of three kinds of utensils: ding, pot and pot.

However, before this conclusion was hot, Lin Ya successively discovered the characteristic pottery ding fragments and pottery pot fragments, breaking this conjecture.

The pottery culture of Maqiao culture is not as backward as imagined.

Moreover, the Maqiao cultural relics have not only unearthed pottery fragments, but also a relatively large number of stone tools with rich types.

Includes axes, arrowheads, knives, modified stone tools, grinding stones, and primitive stones.

Pottery and stone tools have been unearthed, and it is basically certain that after the demise of the Liangzhu civilization, the plain where the ancient kingdom of Liangzhu was located, after about a thousand years of power vacuum, was occupied by the Maqiao culture that traveled south from Shanghai.