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It's not for nothing that boxing is so popular.

It is not only the most popular sport among the people of the ugly country, but also one of their spiritual sustenance in the most difficult times for the people of the ugly country.

Ugly Chinese people's preference for boxing movies is simply "outrageous", it seems that they can't watch enough in the ring, and they have to move the fist-to-flesh scenes to the big screen to feel enjoyable.

According to incomplete statistics, in the more than 100 years of film history, there are more than 3,000 sports-themed films, and among them, the most films are about boxing, and Hollywood producers have made more than 500 films.

There are some classics, from the earlier "Rocky" and "Raging Bull" to the later "Million Dollar Baby" and "Iron Fist Man", all of which are masterpieces that can both conquer the box office and earn word of mouth.

In 1929, with the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange's stock index, the country entered a decade-long Great Depression that had a deeper impact than any recession in history.

Massive unemployment and bankruptcies accompanied people, and panic was everywhere.

And in such a sluggish moment of depression, one of the sports that most stimulates the ugly people, especially the working class, which represents the majority of the people, is boxing.

In the ring, the fierce fight seems to bring visual stimulation to people's tired nerves, and the depressed emotions can also be vented when the audience shouts.

More importantly, the heroes who have won all battles in the boxing ring can become idols in people's minds and a symbol of the "rise" of the ugly country's economy again.

At that time, the box office revenue of any boxing match could easily exceed a million dollars.

Blue-collar workers are clutching their wallets and spending less, while they are figuring out how to get cheaper tickets to boxing matches, and in their opinion, they'd rather eat two hamburgers less than miss out on a good weekend fight.

Among the many boxers that emerged during this period, Joe Luiz deserved to be the king.

He held the title for more than 11 years and has successfully defended it 25 times.

He has competed in 27 heavyweight championship fights, which is still the highest in history.

The story of the Ugly Nation's boxers winning World Championships is an inspiration to the people, and their tenacity and victory have brought hope to the entire country in an era of depression.

In fact, about the role of boxing in the recession, like the story played by Russell Crowe in the famous blockbuster film "The Man with the Iron Fist":

In the early 30s, the family of James, a professional boxer who gave up boxing due to some changes, was already poor, and like most ugly people at that time, the frequent blows of reality and bad luck made James almost despair.

He couldn't afford to pay his bills, and his family even had to live on social assistance.

Despite this, the only thing he cares about in his heart is this family, and his wife still gives him great encouragement and confidence as always.

Out of love for his family and for the sake of his dignity, James is determined to return to his old business and support his family by winning prize money from boxing......

Such a folk hero who fought for a second chance for his family was supported by a large number of people after the release of the film.

The relationship between boxing and the economic depression can be summed up in dialectical language – the Great Depression catalyzed the prosperity of boxing, which in turn stimulated emotions and confidence among the people.

The prevalence of martial arts culture, including boxing, actually comes from deep culture and law, and the ugly country is a country of immigrants, and the early crowd is mainly European.

In the eighth century A.D., a new system was instituted by the European courts: "Fighting Trials".

and stipulated: if it is a lawsuit between nobles, the custom of the nobility is accepted;

The two parties to the lawsuit decided the outcome by riding horses and wearing protective armor in Western sword duels;

In the case of a civilian-to-civilian lawsuit, boxing is the case.

By the Middle Ages, judicial duels were widely used in Western European countries.

For example, if a person accuses another person of a crime in front of a judge, and the other person firmly refuses to admit it, the judge will let the two people duel, and whoever wins the duel will win the case.

And even if the losing side is lucky enough not to die, it will be punished by law.

Sometimes, if the parties are not satisfied with the judge's decision, they can also file a duel with the judge, and if they win, the judgment can be overturned.

Because it is believed that in such a duel judged by God, the righteous side will not be defeated.

Another argument for judicial duels is that, in the eyes of martial Europeans, only cowardice can be defeated in duels, and cowardice means evil.

It is recorded that in the 20 years between 1588 and 1608, more than 8,000 people died in duels in Paris alone.

The later well-known writers Alexandre Dumas, Turgenev, Tolstoy, etc., all participated in duels;

Andrew Jackson, the 7th boss of the Ugly Country, and Georges Clemenceau, the third boss of France, are also masters of duels;

Von Bismarck, known as the "iron-blooded prime minister", made duels a daily occurrence, and he dueled 27 times during his college years!

Even Lincoln once walked into a dueling arena.

Therefore, for the barbaric Western peoples, dueling is the best interpretation of fairness in their hearts.

White gloves, long swords, and a fight to the death in the ring.

Among the themes of various film and television dramas, the depiction of duel culture can be described as a flood.

But between life and death, there is a great terror.

It is human instinct to survive, and if you can live well, who wants to die?

The duel culture that emerged in medieval Europe looked glamorous, but behind it was the helplessness of the law for the privileged class, as well as the frequent wars, and the sorrow of life and death.

Of course, from a certain point of view, the traditional culture of Westerners attaches great importance to the law, but the judicial system of medieval Europe has gradually become the protective color of the privileged class, and in the face of legal injustice, duels have become the only way for people to obtain justice

Among the officials in ancient China, there was a unique phenomenon, that is, if their own discipline and quality were doubted by others, they often died innocent for a while.

It sounds like a great thing, but for the person concerned, it is not an extreme sadness.

When a society needs people to prove their existence by death, the construction of its culture and law is undoubtedly suffocating.

The same is true of the duel culture that prevailed in medieval Europe, which seemed to be a high-level method of conflict resolution that belonged only to the aristocratic knightly class, but in fact reflected the non-existence of the judicial system.

If the law is not guaranteed to be considered fair by the majority of people, then it is better to have no law at all.

At least not if there is none, it does not give hope that the judicial situation in medieval Europe was exactly that.

There was a proverb in Europe at that time, which said:

"The law is in full swing."

Compared with ancient China, the legal awareness of ancient Europeans was relatively much stronger, but the strong legal awareness does not mean the perfection of the judicial system.

In the context of feudal society in medieval Europe, the law was often reduced to a tool to protect the privileged, which led to a real social problem:

Europeans are accustomed to using the law to protect their rights, but the law does not give them justice.

Under this kind of social reality, those people at the bottom have no choice but to passively accept it.

But the knights at the bottom of the ruling class of society, they are also part of the ruling class, they have a certain degree of autonomy, but they cannot resist the power of the great noble lords.

When encountering legal injustice, they can only express their anger with their lives, just like the "scholars" in ancient China.

However, what is even more sad is that this culture, which was originally out of helplessness, was quickly accepted by the mainstream culture of Europe at that time in a very short period of time.

Even the great nobles who won the lawsuit could have refused such an unreasonable demand, but because of social and cultural reasons, if they refused to duel, they were likely to be considered a representative of cowardice.

So the upper-class nobles, who didn't need to prove their innocence with their lives, were also forced to get involved in the duel.

This is certainly a favorable factor from the point of view of the fair needs of the people at the bottom.

Since the law can't give fairness, then use life and death as a bet, big nobles and small knights, there is only one life.

However, from the perspective of the development process of the whole society, the prevalence of this duel culture hides another cruel social reality of medieval Europe.

And this reality is the objective reason for the prevalence of the duel culture.

What reality?

In the Middle Ages, European countries fought each other, iron and sword became the necessities of people's survival, and the people became combative, and this social reality became the cultural gene of the duel culture

Hegel once said in the Principles of the Philosophy of Law:

"Chinese history is essentially historyless, it is only a repetition of the fall of the monarch, and no progress can be produced from it."

Not to mention whether this sentence is correct or not, but at least it reflects a historical phenomenon, that is, the medieval West did not repeat the history of constant change, and it seemed to be constantly improving.

But in fact, the reason why the Middle Ages did not form a dynastic change was because of the city-state system inherited from the Greco-Roman culture.

To put it bluntly, the Holy Roman Empire, which ruled Europe at that time, was essentially a bit like the Western Zhou Dynasty in ancient China, and when it was at its strongest, it only had a certain military restraint capacity on the city-state principalities below.

As for political unity, it has never been achieved, just as the Zhou Dynasty lasted for more than 800 years and became the longest lasting dynasty in ancient Chinese history, the absence of dynastic change in the European Middle Ages was premised on the emergence of no great unified dynasty.

Under this premise, wars between city-states, mutual invasions, and the rise of new nobles to replace the old ones are not counted in the dynastic change.

However, this phenomenon actually solved the negative factors accumulated by some societies and stabilized the rule of the Holy Roman Empire.

The effects of this phenomenon on the prevalence of dueling culture are:

When wars between city-states occurred frequently, far exceeding the speed of the change of feudal dynasties in ancient China, none of the great nobles could be said to be stable, and they had to protect their position through constant wars.

Of course, war requires force and courage, which is why a culture of dueling developed in medieval Europe and was quickly accepted by all classes.

Everyone has to rely on martial arts to make a living, so whoever is braver and has more fighting skills becomes a necessary condition for the survival of everyone, including the great nobles.

In the words of the Chinese people, it is the whole society that is aggressive, so the so-called duel culture will be formed.

From a cultural point of view, the duel culture can be said to be in the same vein as the origin of Western culture.

From the Roman city-states of BC, Western culture, based on the emergence of nomadic civilization, attached great importance to military affairs and warfare, and the prevalence of various colosseums and arenas was a direct manifestation of this cultural phenomenon.

The popularity of medieval duel culture is undoubtedly the inheritance of this ideology and culture, which has played a vital role in the development of Western culture and thought in later generations.

The culture of dueling is, at its root, an individual's rebellion against his or her own unfair fate.

As mentioned earlier, the source of this rebellion, in addition to the European tradition of valuing the law, is also a reflection of the injustice of medieval European justice.

The English writer Charles Dickens once wrote in A Tale of Two Cities:

"It's the best of times, it's the worst of times; There is everything in front of people, and there is nothing in front of people; People are on the road to heaven, people are walking towards the gates of hell. ”

This was undoubtedly the case in medieval Europe, undoubtedly the best for the aristocracy and the worst for the lower classes.

Perhaps this is why modern Western historians call the Middle Ages "the Dark Middle Ages."

Where there is oppression, there is resistance.

When the mainstream relations of production in society were those of the feudal era, a single knight or individual could not resist this powerful social trend, so they could only use duels to win their own justice.

But there are still many people, such as women who are naturally weak in physique, serfs with extremely low social status, and have no power to duel at all, and there is no way to win social justice through duels.

The negative emotions they have accumulated have been waiting for an opportunity to explode. And there is no doubt that the duel of the knights is a guiding light for this wait.

On the other hand, based on the social reality at the time, the knights, who often launched duels, had a somewhat special status in society. They are both members of the ruling class and often from the bottom, so to speak, a bridge responsible for the upper and lower circulation.

Therefore, the duel behavior often becomes a way of communication between the top and bottom, regardless of the victory or defeat of the duel, it can be regarded as a kind of social venting of bad feelings, and it has a positive effect on stabilizing the social order at that time.

From the perspective of history and culture, duels often become the source of various artistic creations with their unique grandeur and fierceness, especially the so-called duels that are angry and angry, which can stir up social nerves and form a national cultural phenomenon.

Culture is the mediator of social contradictions, and a developed culture can not only form a consensus between the upper and lower strata, but also promote the development of economic production, thus solving some social problems.

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