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In general, the culture of dueling is a special phenomenon produced in Europe based on the characteristics of the original Western civilization.

It reflects the emphasis on war and military affairs in Western civilization, as well as the aggressive social ethos of the Middle Ages throughout Europe.

In a realistic sense, duels are not as glamorous as they are understood in modern times.

In fact, on the contrary, it is an indictment of judicial injustice in the Middle Ages, reflecting the social reality that it is difficult for the people at the bottom to survive in the Middle Ages to obtain social justice from normal channels, and can only gamble with their lives to win fairness.

The prevalence of duels was of great significance for alleviating the social contradictions at that time and establishing an effective bridge of communication between the upper and lower classes.

At the same time, the prevalence of the phenomenon of duels also provided rich materials for the creation of various literary and artistic works in later generations, forming a unique duel culture.

Then there was a scene in later film and television works, in the wilderness, the wind was howling, the long sword in his hand, the cold light was cold, the eyes of both sides were like torches, and a vicious battle was about to begin.

The entire West, whether it is Britain, France, Germany or Russia, highly embraces the duel as an effective means of resolving everyday disputes.

The famous writers of polar bears, Pushkin and Lermontov, all died in duels, and the literary giants Turgenev and Tolstoy quarreled over a trivial matter and almost raised their guns for a duel.

In the early days, the aristocracy often chose the sword as a duel weapon, and by the early 19th century, when firearms came in handy, pistols were often used as weapons.

In ancient Greece, there was a tradition of dueling with weapons.

In Greek mythology, the warrior Achilles fought a duel to the death with Hector;

During the Trojan War, it began with a duel between Menelaus and Paris.

The Germanic people are brave and martial, and have a strong sense of honor.

After they conquered the Roman Empire, this culture of dueling was established.

After the 11th century, with the rise of knightly culture, the culture of dueling became more prevalent.

In order to ensure the fairness and impartiality of the duel, laws related to duels were later established.

The earliest code of laws allowing duels was issued in 501 by the Burgundian king Gondebaud, who declared that God would guarantee victory for those who tell the truth.

Italy also enacted a dueling code in 1410, France enacted the first codified duel code, and in 1777, the Irish introduced the 26 rules of dueling, which were widely practiced in the Americas.

After the mid-19th century, the culture of dueling began to die, and governments around the world enacted laws explicitly prohibiting dueling.

There are two common forms of dueling: judicial duels and honor duels.

In the early judicial trials in Europe, due to the backward investigative methods, it was often difficult to determine the authenticity of the testimony, resulting in many difficult cases, so people had to resort to God.

In this way, the court has the power to order the plaintiff and the defendant to settle the matter by a duel.

Whoever wins, he is the one who is right.

If one party refuses to engage in a duel, he must admit that his guilt is established.

If one of the parties is charged with the death penalty, then the duel must go on until one of the parties dies to end.

If one is not charged with the death penalty, it must be carried out until one side cannot fight or admit defeat.

In a duel, the plaintiff must participate in the duel, and the defendant has the right to choose a samurai to fight on his behalf.

During the duel, both sides must use the same weapons, and women and children under the age of 13 are not allowed to watch.

If it was a life-and-death duel, the coffin would have been placed on the side.

Another form of duel is the honor duel, which arose relatively late.

It began as a means for knights to gain honor, knights belonged to the lower aristocratic class, and duels were an effective way for them to improve their status, and knights used duels to gain the lord's reuse. Of course, it can also win love for them.

With the decline of the knightly system, official duels became duels between private individuals, in which the parties could hold duels on their own without witnesses, not for profit, but for spiritual dignity.

In France's Code of Duels, it is stated that both sides of the duel must be topless;

In a duel, both sides will bring an intermediary, and if the intermediary finds someone cheating, they can use a weapon to kill them;

If the duel is abidden, the other side is declared the winner;

If insulted, a duel must take place within 48 hours.

The reason why the wind of duels has prevailed for thousands of years is inseparable from the cultural traditions of Europe.

Western culture emphasizes the individual, and individualism is at the heart of Western civilization.

During the ancient Greek period, Europe had a strong culture of individualism.

The heroes of Homer's epic poems, Achilles, Odysseus, and Hector, all value personal honor above all else.

The ancient Greek peninsula, islands, and mountains were geographically divided into independent units and formed independent city-states, which to a certain extent contributed to individualism in Western culture and gave rise to the philosophy of duality.

This way of thinking is to pit the subject against the object, to think about the problem easily either/or, and to overemphasize competition. Therefore, when encountering disputes, it is not difficult to understand the use of duels, which is a life-and-death martial art method.

Due to the brutality and cruelty of the duel, a large number of casualties were often caused and chaos abounded.

During the French Revolution, duels became a means of settling political disputes, and as a result, duels had to be repeatedly banned by the authorities.

In 1712, King Augustus of Poland issued a decree declaring that all those involved in duels were sentenced to death.

In 1773 in Munich, Germany, it was also announced that those who participated in the duel would also be hanged.

Despite this, duels are still prevalent among the people, and when people encounter issues related to the dignity of the individual, they are the first thing that comes to mind.

In Pushkin's poem "Evgeny Onegin", the fierce scene of the duel between the young Petersburg nobleman Onegin is described.

Pushkin fought duels many times throughout his life, and since he could not stand the insult of "cuckolding", for the sake of his wife and honor, in 1837 Pushkin entered into a duel with Dantes.

On the quiet side of the Black River, both sides fired at each other with pistols, Dantes's bullet passed through Pushkin's chest, and a generation of great poets fell on the dueling arena.

…

Derived to the present, boxing is actually a reasonable and legal duel.

In this sport, many boxing superstars have been born before and after, and the boxing champion of this era is undoubtedly Jack Dempsey.

Jack. Dempsey was born in 1895 in western Colorado and is 6 feet 1 inch tall and weighs 190 pounds.

He went under the alias Jack in the boxing ring. Dempsey was born out of action against former famous middleweight boxing champion Jack Brown. The Cult of Dempsey.

He worked as a miner and lumberjack and was very strong and stamina.

Later, he went to New York and met a clever agent who was willing to work with Dempsey!

As a street boy, his father was a pretty good violinist.

He was a skilled and ferocious boxer, and his left hook fell victim to 26 opponents from 1914 to his World Championship in 1919, a record that has gone unmatched to this day.

Held in Ohio on July 4, 1919, he will challenge Villard.

Dempsey and his agent were confident before the fight, and within the third round, Dempsey slammed a left and right hook into Willard's abdomen and chin, knocking out Verard seven times and ending the fight in the fourth round.

Thus the Dempsey era: proclamation begins!

On July 2, 1921, Dempsey joined Georges, nicknamed "The Orchid Man". Carpendisi battled it out in an open-air arena in Chasai City with a crowd of 80,183 fans, and they paid a total of US$1789238 to see the fight, which Dempsey defeated in the fourth round.

Later, critics commented that the game was the "game of the century", which also meant that the ticket revenue of the game exceeded one million dollars for the first time.

He became the first boxing champion in boxing history to break a million dollars!

Dempsey's second million-dollar ticket revenue match was against Argentine giants Luis Brown. Fipo's fight, this man is nicknamed: the bison of the South American savannah, 6 feet 3 inches, weighing 216 pounds, is a boxing connoisseur.

It was a great matchup, with Fipo knocked down seven times in the first round, and finally Dempsey submitted the bison!

Later, promoter Keens arranged for the burly and dashing and handsome Dempsey to go to Hollywood to make some films, and took one film after another.

Dempsey meets a young and beautiful actress, Estelle. Taylor Lane was so smitigated that he married the actor at the age of 21 and divorced two years later, when Keens vehemently objected!

It was also at the beginning of this year that promoter Keins came to Atlantic City and found a lot of talent to find Li Yaoyang, hoping to promote boxing to Atlantic City.

In his opinion, there is no better place to take on a boxing match than Atlantic City.

To make the bout even more pompous, Keanes brought in famed champion Tenney for a two-bout fight with Dempsey in Atlantic City.

The Pacific Hotel has built an underground stadium that can accommodate two spectators in just the stadium, and tens of thousands of spectators gather outside the stadium to listen to the game via live radio.

Don't think that standing outside the venue doesn't cost money, wrong, how could Li Yaoyang miss this good opportunity to make money, selling station tickets is nothing new, collect money, you must collect money.

In the end, there were 80,000 spectators on and off the venue, and ticket revenue exceeded $1.5 million.

In the rematch a month later, Li Yaoyang simply put the match in the stadium, and a total of 100,000 spectators poured into the stadium, all standing to watch the game.

The rematch, which went down in history as an extended number of hits, set a record with a record $2.5 million at the box office and held the record for more than four decades.

In fact, Dempsey had a big advantage in this game, he knocked Tenney to the ground, the referee told Dempsey to return to the corner, and Dempsey refused to return, which dragged on for 14 seconds to save Tenney (who quickly came to his senses) and finally defeated Dempsey!

Losing two games in a row made Dempsey unusually irritable, but his strong, courageous traits attracted millions of admirers.

For a long time after that, fans were still debating whether it was the extended time that saved Tenny.

But no matter what, even after the defeat, Dempsey is still loved by the fans!

Later, until the 30s, Joe, who was known as the "brown bomber". With the advent of Luis, the history of white monopolization of the world's heavyweight boxing world is over!

However, after the rematch, Dempsey settled in Atlantic City, recovering from his injuries and finding his form, while accepting Lai's invitation to set up the ring in Atlantic City and accept anyone's challenge.

As long as you can defeat him, you can get a sky-high prize of 50,000 dollars.

As long as Dempsey can continue his winning streak, he can earn up to 5% of the box office revenue per game.

Hemingway loved boxing and Dempsey's technical style, so he went to the gym to discuss it with him, and even had a friendly match.

Needless to say, Hemingway was beaten half to death, but he was carried home laughing.

Subsequently, not knowing whether it was to test hype or out of pure curiosity, he found a man named Frank Richards, nicknamed: "Cannonball".

Frank got this nickname because he was able to stop the cannonballs fired from the cannon with the flesh and blood of mortals.

No one had the courage to do this at the time, so when Frank appeared, he immediately became the focus of many newspapers and became the object of curiosity.

However, at the beginning, Frank was not actually talented.

Born in Ottawa County in 1887, he began on the same trajectory as many others at the time: growing up, studying, and participating in World War I.

But in his 30s, he suddenly appeared on the carnival stage of the time, creating a show for himself by showing off the strength of his abdomen.

In the first performance, it was he who created suspense and made the audience guess whether the heavyweight champion of boxing could knock him out with one punch.

However, the boxing champion threw 75 punches to his abdomen that didn't send Frank down, and at this point, Frank began to be in the limelight.

He then began to add a variety of different things, including solid wood pillars, and had several people hit his abdomen at the same time.

At first, many people thought that Frank was just using the arranged people for this performance, so he deliberately chose some soldiers from the army so that people would no longer be suspicious.

He would also arrange for the county athletes at the time to hold the thick wooden post and mercilessly slam into his abdomen, and without the slightest damage, people began to believe that Frank's abdomen was really "extraordinary".

As he grew more and more famous, Frank also incorporated more elements into his show, such as having someone smash himself in the abdomen with a hammer.

Because the person holding the hammer was randomly selected from among the athletes, and it had been clearly told that there was no need to worry, the hammer was struck head-on to the abdomen without the slightest hesitation.

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