Translator's Note on Happiness

Mikhail A

Tsybashev), there is a self-narrative legend that is very concise:

"Born in 1878. I don't know. I went to the Évortolsk secondary school and went to the fifth grade, and I didn't know what to do there. Determined to become an artist, he went to the Kharkov painting school. After studying there for a whole year and missing a week, he went to Petersburg, where he spent the first two years as a clerk of the local affairs officer. When I was sixteen years old, I published it in a daily newspaper in the countryside. I am a little ashamed to say the name of the daily newspaper. The first work is "V SI^jozh", which is contained in "Ruskoje Bagastvo". Since then, I have been working on novels until now. ”

Alzhivasev, although there was no Tolstoi and Goric

-kij) is such a great, yet typical representative writer of the new Russian literature; His writings are naturally just realistic, but the performance is profound, and he can be regarded as the extreme. The novel that made him famous was Sme

t La

de), and the novel that made him famous for all sorts of attacks was "Sa

i

）。

The writings of Alzhivasev are misanthropic, Lord mine; And it always smells of meat. But we must know that he is only describing it truthfully, although it is not subjective, but it is not advocating and inciting; His style is not because "after the great prosperity of realism, he became solipsistic," but only a portrait of the times: let's not forget that he was a writer who wrote about modern life. In a letter he sent to Bilart about his attack on Shanin, he wrote a letter to Tu

ge

ev), I thought it was good. The attackers are full of fantasy and gods. Elegant is certainly elegant, but the reality is still at a loss, what kind of fantasy and god do you say?

Alzhivasuiv's skills are especially in sketches; This one is also an excellent pure work of art, without much pen and ink, and the "unconscious instinct of love and hatred, not only inseparable but also fighting", is written smoothly, but unfortunately my translation pen can not convey it.

This one, about the prostitutes and erotomaniac servants who fell in the snow, is almost as beautiful and ugly as Rodi

) of the inscription; In terms of facts, it also describes that "not only the so-called happy people mess around all their lives, but also the unfortunate people also spoil their own lives in other aspects." When the race style is added to the Peugeot, the entertainment of people with the flesh is rotten, and the nose is rotten, and it can only be cruel entertainment with the flesh, and the passerby is not a happy person, and there is no one who uses him as entertainment material. Anyone who is too full or hungry will tremble when he thinks for himself, at least mentally, whether he has ever taken this kind of amusement and amusement for the sake of survival, as long as his mind is clear!

Nowadays, there are several critics who say that realism is tired of writing, and it is really a very strange thing to write without getting tired of facts. People forget about the beatings on the snow every time they happen to see "the bright light of the night teahouse in front of them", which is one of the reasons why the bloody literati tend to be misanthropic.

Translator's Note on Fathers in America

Fen has always been very distant from us; But since he broke away from the influence of Russia and Sweden, he has been a quiet and progressive country, with a strong literary and artistic development.

Their writers, both in Swedish and in Finnish, have been more of the latter lately

kio) is one of them.

Yalegia is his pseudonym, and his real name is Alexa

de

Fila－

de

He was a merchant in a small place, who had no school education, but he had worked his own and had reached a very high level, and was very respected in his hometown, and was very useful for the education of youth.

His novels are wonderful in terms of character and psychology. It is only a skizze, translated from Brauszwüdder's "Fen in His Poems and the Images of His Poets". The editors criticize that Alegiayu has a beautiful sarcastic humor, covering things with a deep smile, and in this light it is natural to understand misery, as evidenced by the novel "Father in America."

Translator's Note on The Doctor

In 1905-6 the rupture of Russia had been discovered, and the people in power wanted to divert the intentions of the people, so they incited them to attack the Jews or other peoples, which in the world became known as Poglon. Pog

The word om is from Po (gradually) and G

omit (destroy) synthesize, also translated as Jewish torture. This kind of atrocity, which was often carried out in various places at that time, was very cruel and full of "inhuman" things, and until this year, there was also the killing of Jews by Enchen in Kulen, and the "temple" of autocratic Russia at that time could really be described as "poisoning all over the world".

At that time, the agitation was very powerful, and the bureaucracy tried its best to awaken the animal nature in the people, and to give them a lot of help in their play. Among the uneducated Russians, many have made the annihilation of the Jews their life's ambition; The reason for this is quite complex, but the main reason for it is simply because they are a foreign people.

This article by Alzhivasev (Dokto

was one of the Etivdy, published in 1910, which was of course still in the first place, driven by Pogron's affair, which, though not a masterpiece, was a fierce struggle against the inhuman behavior of his countrymen.

In this short story, the author's subtle description of sexual desire and psychological analysis can be seen as usual, and it is simple and clear to write about the resistance of non-resistance and the entanglement of love and hatred. The absence of resistance is what the writer rebels against, because man cannot be free from hatred in his nature, and this hatred may be rooted in a greater love. Therefore, Alzhivasuev is still inevitably a Tolstoy, and he is inevitably a rebel against Tolstoyism,—— and in a stable way, a mediator of Tolstoyism.

The Russians, it is said, are unusually cruel and unusually compassionate; It's strange, but let the scholars of national character explain it. What I think about is only in my own China, since I killed Chi You, there have been many times when I happily think that I have subdued foreign nations, and I don't know if I can find such an article advocating justice for the weak nation in addition to what strategy to pacify.

Translator's note, April 28, 1921.