Translator's Note to Part II, Chapter 1

The first part of N. Gogol's "Dead Souls" has been translated in China, so there is no need to say more here. In fact, as long as the first part is enough, the next two - "Purgatory" and "Paradise" can no longer be achieved by the author's strength.

Sure enough, after the completion of the second part, he didn't even believe himself, and burned it on his deathbed, leaving only five remaining chapters in the world, and the characters depicted were far less remote than the declining: in the satirist Gogol, there was really nothing to do.

The original text used today is still the entirety of the translation and compilation by the German Otto Buek; At the beginning of the first chapter, the author's ideal pedagogy is narrated through the childhood situation of Tian Quitdnikov, which opposes teachers to force students like cramming like cramming, which is not bad, but for the environment, I don't want to reform, I just want to adapt, but it is comparable to more than ten years ago, some educators in China advocated that schools should teach fake foreigners, write submissions, and make comments on Spring Festival couplets.

Part II, Chapter 2, Translator's Notes

The second part of Dead Souls began in 1840, but it was not completed, and the first draft had only one chapter, which is now the last chapter. Two years later, Gogol revised the draft and made it into a clear version. There seem to have been four chapters left in this book, which are now chapters 1 to 4; And in between, there are incompleteness and unfinished.

In fact, this book, the first part alone is sufficient, and Gogol's fate is limited by satirizing the first-class characters to which he belongs. Therefore, his depiction of declining characters is still vivid, and when it comes to the so-called good people who created him, he is not angry. For example, in this second chapter, General Bedriche is a harlequin, so he meets Beggarkov, or is active on paper, and the pen does not let the first part; And Ulniga is the author's ideal good woman, and he tries his best to write about her, but on the contrary, she is not active, nor real, and even too pretentious, which is far from the two beautiful wives he wrote about before.

4. Thesis

Translator's Notes on Pei Yanfei's Poems

Past work "Moro Poetry Says". Zeng omitted the Hungali Pei Yan Fei affair. I hate the words very badly. I want to go out into exotic poetry. Translated as Xia Yan. Its business is struggling. Not now.

The Essay History of the Hungali by Reich E. was written by his countrymen. There is a chapter on "Pei Yanfei's Poetry". This is how it is translated. I hope to see the customs and scenery of his country.

Poet temperament. One of the interests of the husband's writings is cloudy.

Translator's Note on the Education of Art Appreciation

I would like to write about this article. He is a specialist in Japanese psychology. What I saw was very good. The discussion is also dense. Near-countrymen. Fang wants to be good for aesthetic education. This argument is a very good reference. Translated with a sharp word for words. It does not detract from the original meaning. The second half of the original conclusion. All of them refute the use of the phrase "new painting post" in their countries. This argument is based on the truth. The meaning of the translation is hereby translated. In the general doctrine. Therefore, it is omitted.

Bibliography is also annotated. I would like to delete one or two of them. And still the rest. （1）K．G

oos，Zum P

oblem de

asthetische

E

ziehu

g．（Zeitsch

ift fü

Aesthetik u

d Allgemei

e Ku

stwisse

schaft Bd．Ⅰ．1906）（2）H．Mu

ste

be

g． P

i

cples of A

t Educatio

，A philosophicai，Aesthetical a

d Psychologi^cal Discus－sio

of A

t Educatio

．1904．（3）Mülle

－F

eie

fels：Affekte u

d T

ieb i

Kü

ste

ische

Ge

iesse

，（A

chiv fü

die Gesamte Psy.X.V.III..Bd.1910) (4) Nogami, Ueno, Lecture Notes on Experimental Psychology 1909 (5) Ku

^ste

ziehu

gstages i

D

esde

am28，u

d 29，Sept．1901．1902．（6）E．Meuma

，Vo

l，zu

Ei

füh

u

g i

die expe

ime

talle Püdagogik 2te Aufl，1911．

Translator's Note on Social Education and Fun

According to the original text, it is not a doctrine. Take into account the theory of aesthetic education in our country. Fang Yang's ears were full of joy. And the suppression has not been true. and even misunderstood Meiyi. This article is straightforward. It's quite close to what I am today. 爰為迻誻語. for reference. Ran Ge in the publication. No class. Therefore, after the doctrine. Readers forgive me.

Translator's Note on the Survey of Modern Czech Literature

The Czechs were the oldest people among the Slavic peoples, and the ěQ had the richest literature. But in the twenties, it was rare to see a book in bohemian, which later came out by J. Kollá

and the literati who followed him, literature had a new life, and by the end of the last century, they had more than 3,000 writers!

The three most prominent stars of this rich Czech literary scene are: Naluda (1834-91), the Czech Republic (1846-), and Vrkhelechtzy (1853-1912). Now translated as Josef Ka

Ásek) Part of sections 112 and 19 of Book 2 of the History of Slavic Literature, which shows the general idea of the time; As for recent literature, it is not yet known. In addition, there are fandoms and tribes of Vulkhlegch, such as Ad.CKe

y，J． S． Macha

，A

to

Sova； and essayists such as K. Rais, K. Kloste

ma

，M

sKtik Brothers, M. S. Kimác Kek, Alois Ji

Ásek and others are also famous, but unfortunately I don't have time to go into detail now.

P.S. of September 5, 21.

Translator's Note on "A Brief Introduction to Little Russian Literature".

Right article from G.Ka

Translated in Peles's General History of Literature, it is a general outline of Little Russian literature from its occurrence to the end of the nineteenth century. But there are still some writers in modern times, and we need to know that those whose names are Michael D, who is a master of the spiritual currents of Europa's modern times

agoma

ov, the author of the new trajectory Iva

F

a

ko (1856—) with Vasyl Stefa

yk；

As for the women, there is the fighter for women's rights, Olga kobyla

ska (1865—) and Natalie Kob, the leader of the women's movement

y

ska（1855—）。

September 9, 1921, translator's note.

Translator's Note on the Truth of Romain Rolland

This is the last part of the "Sixteen Lectures on Modern Thought", published in 1915, so it is not mentioned in works since the European War. But because the narrative was so concise, it was translated. March 16, 26, Translator's Note.

Translator's Note on Suimonov and His Masterpiece "Hunger".

There have been two translations of the book "Hunger" in China, one published by the Beijing New Book Company and the other published by the Oriental Magazine. And there is a long criticism in the "Novel Monthly". This article is found in the appendix No. 5 of the Japanese "Complete Works of Emerging Literature", although the number of words is not much, but it is concise and clear, so that you can know a little bit of the essentials, just have time, so I will translate it for readers who have seen "Hunger".

October 2nd, translator reads.

The translator's note to "Premonitions for a New Era" was made in January 1924 and later included in the Literary Review. It was just a very simple and simple article, and I translated it to mean that only the three writers cited in the text—Barlemont, Thoreau Guber, and Golrighi—were relatively well known to China, and now I will take this opportunity to look at the background of their times, and the differences between them—according to the author, are also common—

Spirit. It can also be seen that surreal aestheticism is so deeply rooted in the Russian literary world that revolutionary critics such as Lunakarsky have to fight hard. It is also possible to understand how the Chinese Creation Society, which previously advocated "art for art's sake" and now talks about revolutionary literature, is always blind to reality and has no ideal in itself.

In fact, although a surreal writer and artist, although he avoids reality, or hates reality, or even rebels against reality, he is very different from a revolutionary literary artist, I think. Of course, the author also knows, and those who say that they have a common spirit may have ulterior motives, perhaps thinking that their kingdom at that time could still walk the same path if they were dissatisfied with reality.

April 25, 1929.

Translator's Note on The Genius of Human Nature: Kar Xun

Lvov-Rogachevski's Outline of the History of Russian Literature is often written in a different way, such as this one, which is really just a sketch, but very concise and to the point.

This time, the first translation of this article has no deep meaning. It is nothing more than that some of the works mentioned in it were introduced more than twenty years ago ("Four Days", "Encounter"), and some were introduced five or six years ago ("Red Flower"), so readers can understand it more easily, so that there are no reviews but no translated works for viewing, and they are only groping in secret.

However, needless to say, Calxun is only a link in the history of literature, and he still can't understand it very clearly if he doesn't look at the overall situation,—— this defect will be made up for in the future.

August 30, 1929, translator's note.

Translator's Note to Melinger's On the History of Literature

This one Ba

i

Her contribution is also very beneficial to Chinese readers. The publication of the complete work is already in the first note of this article, so I will not repeat it.

The Japanese translations, as far as the translators know, include "Historical Materialism", translated by Soji Okaguchi; There are two types of literary history: World Literature and the Proletariat and Aesthetics and Literary History, translated by Hiroshi Kawaguchi, both published by Tokyo Shubunkaku. There is only one book in China: Literary Review, translated by Xue Feng, which is one of the "Scientific Art Theory Series" published by Shuimo Bookstore, but it seems to be rarely seen recently. Translated by Feng Yu on December 3, 1931.

Translator's Note on Heiner and the Revolution

This text, which was published in a German-language daily newspaper on February 21, 1931, the 75th anniversary of Heina's death, was later translated by Gao Chongyang and included in the "Haina Studies", and is now retranslated here. From such a short text, it is naturally not enough to know the life of the poet deeply, but I think that I can at least understand (1) Haina, who has always been regarded by us as a poet in love, and the revolutionary side; (2) Germany's oppression of literature has never been relaxed, and Koelz and Hitler are only the ones who have intensified in the last period; (3) But the hayna is still permanent, and more brilliant, while the group of "authors" of the official authority at that time have "forgotten their names before they can remember them." This makes some sense to the reader, or rather, to the reader. On September 10, 1933, it was translated and recorded.

Translator's Note on Gogol's Private Views

Nobuyohara Tachino was a left-wing writer in Japan, but he later broke away, and he was not convinced by others' claims that he had moved to the opposite camp, and only admitted that he had lost politically, and was only hesitating at the moment. "Gogol's Private View" is a translation from the "Literary Review" in April this year, and it is not a very profound work, but it is very shallow and close, so it is clear; Moreover, it shows that "what literature does not ask about the place, the ancient and the modern, will never change", which can also be used as a reference for readers.

Translator's Note of Paris as an Art City

Gross (Geo

ge G

OSZ) is one of the more familiar painters in China, originally a member of the stampede school, but later became a revolutionary fighter; His works have been featured several times in several magazines in China. "Paris as an Art City", translated as a truthful translation, should be "Paris as an Art City" (PA

is als ku

ststadt), is the author of Die Ku

st ist i

Gefah

One of them, inscribed and Wiela

d He

Co-authored by zfelde, he actually did it alone, He

Zfelde was the first friend to help him publish.

His article is quite difficult for the translator to understand in some places, and after reading the Japanese translation of Aso, it is still not clear, so when I think about it, there must be errors and inaccuracies in the translation. But it is already known that Paris was the center of the arts, before the Great War in Europe, and although it seemed to be slightly better than Germany later, it was the result of victory or defeat, but the victors talked about masturbation.

The book was published in 1925, ten years after now, but a large part of it can still be applied.

5. Essays

Translator's Note on "Mourning Dust".

The translator said: One of the "Sui Jian Lu" in this hustle and bustle, a cheap woman is also a person. The "Biography of the Water Husband" says: "Religion, society, and heavenly objects are also the three enemies of man." And the three essentials also exist: people must seek to return, so there are temples; must be established, so there is a capital; Must seek life, so cultivate land and sail. Third, it is necessary to do so, and the harm is especially cool.

Those who are difficult to understand in life are all born in Si. Therefore, people often suffer from obsession, often suffer from bad habits, and often suffer from wind, fire, water and soil. Therefore, there are those who are strong enough to kill people in religious teachings, those who are enough to suppress people in social laws, and there are those who cannot be refuted by human beings. The author tasted one in "Norte Er Tan", and the second in "History of Mourning", and now shows his three clouds. "Fang Ti, one of the people in the "History of Mourning", was born as a cheap woman who had no intention of losing her life, and she was unfortunate to raise a daughter, read all the sorrows of her mother, and turned to suffer in the trap of society." According to the law, please try this June", oh hee law, Hu Du plus this cheap woman! Pinna Yejia, dressed in the clothes of civilization, jumped in the bright and solemn world; And the one who is a cheap woman is only seeking to be a cheap woman and cannot get it, who is really doing it, and if it is! Lao Shi has a saying: "Saints do not die, but thieves do not stop." "He is not an evil saint, and an evil hypocrisy is enough to lead to theft. The trap of society, the reckless dust ball, Asia and Europe are the same; The surging water is long in the future! If you make the hustle and bustle, you will cut the bamboo of the South Mountain, and there will be a poor time, and the "History of Mourning" dropped out of the book, on what day, on what day?

Translator's Note to the Preface to Zaratustella

Also Sp

ach Za

athust

a) is one of Nietzsche's important works, four in all, and the Preface (Za

athust

a’s Vo

ede), 1883-1886. Because it has only been done for three years, the book does not include the whole of Nietzsche's thought; Because three years have passed, there are inevitably contradictions and unevenness in it.

The first preamble consists of ten stanzas, which are now translated above; There are many places where the translation is inappropriate, and I will come back to it after the translation is carried out in the future. Nietzsche's essay is both too good; The book also uses Proverbs (Sp

ueche) integration, which is often contradictory in appearance, so it is not easy to understand. Now but with regard to the nouns and obscure sentences with meaning, the following is briefly explained:

Section 1 describes Za

athust

aAfter entering the mountain, he came down again with great enlightenment; And his down (U

te

ga

g), that is, to go up. Za

athust

a is the leader of the Persian Zoroastrian religion, which China has known for a long time, and it is translated as Suluzhi in ancient times; But this book only uses his name and has nothing to do with the teachings, except for the ascent and descent and the eagle and serpent, but is based on the Avesta scriptures and myths of the Cult of Fire.

The second verse deals with the known Sage (Za

athust

a) Meeting with the saints of faith in the forest.

Section 3 Za

athust

A says Superman (Uebe

me

sch）。 The rope walker refers to the heroes of the old who have taken adventures as their career; The crowd will also gather to watch him, but once it falls, they all disperse. Gespe

st) refers to all fantastical ideas:

Such as souls, gods, ghosts, eternal life, etc. It is not your sin—but your complacency screams to heaven...... That is, the reason why you will not be able to recover is not because of your sins, but because of your complacency, your fear of daring to break the law. For what is meant by a crime, see section 9.

Section IV Za

athust

aTell how to prepare for the appearance of Superman. The other side of the star is outside the world.

Section 5 Za

athust

A said that the last person (De

Letzte Me

sch）。

Section VI Za

athust

After a came out of the mountain, he only harvested a dead body, the Posse (Posse

eisse

There are two meanings: one is the utopian philosopher, who says that all the future will be equal and free, and that the rope walker will fall; The first is Nietzsche's own situation. Because he is also an idealist (G. Nauma

but also inaccurate (O.G

am－zow）。 Tickling with your heel means that you are running ahead of you. Losing his head means that Zhang Huang is at a loss.

Section VII

athust

aRealize that he is too far away from the masses.

Section VIII Za

athust

aTerrorized by clowns, mocked by gravemakers, and resented by hermits.

Grave Maker (Tote

g

aebe

It is a person who specializes in burying dead bodies, referring to a bad historian who only knows how to clean up old things, and has no vision for the future; Not only did he dislike Za

athust

a, and dislike the walker, but only curse. The old man is also a kind of believer, but he is completely different from the sage in the forest, and only knows how to give alms, whether he lives or dies.

Section IX

athust

aReceive a new truth, and seek a living companion, and bury the dead. I (Za

athust

a) Happiness is creation.

Section 10 The eagle and the serpent guide Za

athust

A began to go down. Both the eagle and the snake are signs: the snake is intelligent, and the table is forever reincarnated (Ewige Wiede

ku

ft）； The eagle is proud, and the superman is superhuman. Clever and arrogant are supermen; Ignorance and pride are the masses. And this foolish arrogance is education (Bildu

g).

Translator's Note on Recent Traces of the Blind Poet

After leaving Japan, the blind Russian poet Ero Xianke wanted to return to his own country, but could not enter the country, and then came back to live in Harbin, and now he has passed through Tianjin and arrived in Shanghai. This is a report by Hiroshi Nakane, his resident in Harbin, and appeared in the Yomiuri Shimbun on October 9, so that we can get a general idea of the poet's traces and sexuality.

October 16 Translator's Knowledge.

Translator's Notes on "Remembering Luo Xiankehua Xi Lijun".

This article was first published in the Yomiuri Shimbun in June last year, and was divided into three parts. However, by the time it was printed on the frontispiece of "The Last Sigh", it was erased in six places, a total of 26 lines, and the tone was scattered, which was very inconvenient to read, so now it has been added according to the Yomiuri Shimbun. A few blanks in the text are as they were, and according to private speculation, the two empty spaces are about the word "assassin", and the empty one space is about the word "kill". As for "a certain country", it is natural that the author refers to his own country.

May 1

Translator's Notes on the Death of Bashgeng

Ten essays on his impressions, collected in the third volume of the Collected Works of Alzhivarsuiv;

This is the second one, retranslated from Tetsuya Baba's "The Author's Impressions".

August 1926, postscript.

Translator's Notes on Shinshu Miscellaneous

As we all know, since the October Revolution, there have been two main groups of writers and artists in Russia. A group avoided going to other countries to do public service; One batch is still in the country, although some have died, and some have left halfway, but this batch can probably be considered new.

Bilenek (Bo

is Pil

IAK) is a literati who belong to the latter. We all know that he went to China and then to Japan last year. I don't know what happened after that. Today, when I saw Kohei Ida and Osamu Kojima's translation of "Impressions of Japan", I learned that he lived in Japan for two months and wrote such a book in Mosco at the end of October last year.

At that time, I thought, let's scold Japan, Russia, Britain, and ......, but there are very few books about the situation in these countries. When it comes to politics, economics, armaments, diplomacy, etc., everyone may not find it interesting at this time, but there may be a little bit of the impression of a literary artist traveling in other countries. So I wanted to introduce this Bilenek book first, and I turned to a preface that night - "Shinshu Miscellaneous".

This is only one-ninth of the whole book, and there are three major chapters: "The Ontology", "The Ontology", and "The Conclusion". But I got into trouble. One is that the "elephant" is the Japanese elephant, and the "seal" is the seal of the Russians. The translation of the two is too light, and I am no match for him; And I don't have a good dictionary at hand, and it takes a lot of trouble to get a new word. Third, there are sometimes missing words and sentences in the original translation, which were erased by the Japanese prosecutors, and it seems that I am not happy. And what kind of quintessential opera is being sung in the wireless telephone of the wide house opposite, "Alas, alas" and the "Ding Ding Ding" of the pipa, which makes me only faint Chapter 11. It's better to put pen to paper, I think, fortunately, this "Shinshu Miscellaneous" can also be independent, and now this will be the beginning and the end at the same time.

After reading this book, I felt that where there is narration and satire, it is probably very light, but I also feel a kind of inadequacy. That is: under-profound. The books of several new Russian writers that I have seen have often led me to this kind of admiration. But I also thought, isn't the so-called "profound" really a symptom of the "end of the century"? If the society is simple and honest, of course, there will be no hidden feelings, and it will not be profound. If what I think is not bad, then these "naïve" works may be the beginning of the right path to "rebirth".

We are bound by conventional thinking and are unhappy to hear that we are rated as "childish".

But what is the opposite of "childishness"? The good point is "old age", and the bad point is "old man". The revolutionary predecessors said to themselves, "If you are old, you will not be old, if you are rotten, if you are mediocre, if you are faint, you will not be so." However, isn't "Lao Yong" enough?

I don't know what Bilenek wrote about China, but I don't mention much of it in Impressions of Japan. But there is one more point, which is now by the way, here:-

"On the Chinese border, Zhang Zuolin's dog confiscated all my books. Even Flaube, published in 1897

T's "Sala-mmbo", also said to be a contagion of communism, was snatched. In Harbin, as soon as I opened my mouth at the lecture, an officer from the Chinese police station came over and said something as follows. It is written as it is written, and it is like this:-

- Words, no. A little, a little singing. A little, a little jump. I can't read it!

I don't understand anything. The translation meant that the patrol forbade me to speak and read, and that it was okay to dance or sing. -- People called to the yamen, and they looked uneasy, and wondered—and someone said to me, why don't you just give a speech in the tune of singing? However, when singing, I am not sensitive. Such a sincere China is standing upright, smiling, humble to the point of hate, not understanding anything, but nagging and saying, 'Words, no, a little, a little singing.' So China and I broke up cleanly. (Beyond the Ontology, Section 2)

1927, 11, 26. Recorded in Shanghai.

Translator's Notes on "The Rooster and Miscellaneous Dishes".

I have long heard that there is a limited book of foreign books, which is printed less and sold expensively, and I still don't have a single one. See Jea this spring

Le Coq et L'a by Cocteau

－lequi

The Japanese translation is one of the three hundred and fifty copies, and I wanted it too, but I put it down because of the high price. I only remember one of the sentences, which is: "Young people don't buy stable stocks", so I suspected that it must still be unstable, and after thinking about it again, I finally bought it back at the cost of five bowls of "proletarian" coffee.

When I bought it back and looked at it carefully, I wanted to complain about it, because it was probably about music, which was very rusty to me. However, after buying it, I was not very willing to put it down, so I translated a few sentences as I could understand, and ,—— I sold them into China, I finally did not buy all the "stable stocks", but also talked about distinguishing myself from "youth".

As for the author, I don't want to go into it here, but in short, he is a modern Frenchman who can also paint and write, and naturally he knows music very well.

Translator's Note on The Bakery Times

Baroha, like Ibn Nech, is one of Spain's great modern writers, but his unknown to the Chinese is, and I believe that most of this is due to the fact that his work was not "turned into a million dollars" by American businessmen and made into a film to be performed in Shanghai[3].

Naturally, it doesn't hurt us not to know him, but it's good to know at all, just like hearing that there is a kind of Harry comet in the universe, it is a kind of knowledge. If you think that hunger, hunger, cold and temperature have a lot to do with it, it is too deep.

The translation of the entire treatise and the introduction of him to China began with "Morning Flowers". Among them are the following words: "...... He and his brother were in contact in Madrid, and oddly enough, they opened a bakery, which they had been doing very successfully for six years. His opening of a bakery seems to have surprised some people, and he has a special chapter in "A Revolutionary's View of Life and Society" to explain it. Now, according to the Japanese translation of Tadaichi Okada, it is translated here for information; It can also be read as a novel, because he has many short stories, and the way he writes them is the same.

Translator's Note on the Autobiography of Vl.G. Theory

This short "Autobiography" was translated from the "Literary Front" compiled by Keiji Oze of Japan in 1926; His basis is the author, "Literary Russia", edited by Li Ding. But the "autobiography" in "Pisateli", published last year, is a little different from this one, and the number of works has also increased. I don't know the original text, and if I try to translate it, there will be many mistakes, so "Autobiography" has to continue to translate this one; But the bibliography of the writings, according to the new edition, was made possible by the help of two friends.

On the night of November 18, 1929, the translator attached it.

Translator's Notes on "Describing Yourself" and "Speaking of Yourself Gide".

Gide is already a relatively familiar name in China, but I have read very few of his writings and biographies about him.

Every literary and artistic artist in the world wants Chinese readers to read many of his works and most of his commentaries, and I think this is a kind of demand that does not look at the facts. Therefore, the author's reliable narration and the portraits made by more clear painters and cartoonists are powerful tools to help the reader want to know the general outline of a writer.

"Depicting Yourself" is translated and tried in this sense. I heard that Gide's article is difficult to translate, so although this is only a small article, I don't know how to desecrate the author. As for the source of this sketch and portrait, there is an explanation of Ishikawa Chung, so I will not repeat it here.

The rice bean in the text is Ce

ato

The name of the siliqua, L., which is found in Italy, not in China, and the original text of Vallo-tto is Félix Vallo-tto

。

VI. Fiction

Translator's Note on "A Very Short Legend".

Vsevolod Michailovitch Ga

shi

1855-1888) was born in South Russia, the son of an armored cavalry officer. When he was young, he studied medicine, but he quit school due to brain disease. He had a loving temperament and had long been interested in literature; When the war between Russia and Turkey began, he volunteered to join the army, and in order to suffer the suffering of others, he has published his experience and thoughts in novels, which are the famous "Four Days" and "The Beginning". He later came to St. Petersburg, where he listened to lectures on literature at the university and published many novels, one of which was "A Very Short Legend". So he traveled all over the world, interviewed many literati, and was especially influenced by Tolstoy, and his famous work at that time was "Red Flower". However, Calxun's encephalopathy finally worsened, and after entering the madhouse, he threw himself from a high-rise building and died at the age of thirty-three. This is one of the most comical in Calson's writings, but it is still a sour humor. His thoughts of non-war and self-sacrifice are also very clearly written. But the hero pretended to have wooden feet, and those who persuaded others to fight did nothing, and it was only the normal situation of the world. As for the spirit of "it is better for one person to be unfortunate than three to be unfortunate", which is often found only in the writings of the Slavic literati, one cannot but marvel at the greatness of this nation.

P.S. 15 November 1921.

Translator's Note on A Very Short Legend (2)

Vsevolod Michailovitch Ga

shi

Born in 1855, he was a novelist who was the first to bear the suffering of the world under the oppression of the government of Emperor Alexander III of Russia. His striking short stories, "Four Days", which is based on his impressions during the Russo-Turkish War, were later published in succession such works as "The Beginning", "Encounter", "The Artist", and "Memoirs of Soldier Ivanov".

However, his artistic talent became more and more attained, and he became more and more morbid, sympathetic and misanthropic, and finally went mad and entered a madhouse; However, the psychological attack did not stop, and he actually jumped from the four-story building, and then committed suicide in 1888, Chinese New Year's Eve 3. His masterpiece "Red Flower" depicts a half-mad character, who uses the red flower as the symbol of all evil in the world, and dies in a hospital.

"Four Days", "Encounter", "Red Flower", there are translations in China. "A Very Short Legend", although not famous, can be seen in the author's fraternity and humanity, and the southern European Dannoncia (D'A

u

zio's "Triumph of Death", with the killing of a suspicious lover as a permanent possession, is a diametrically opposed idea.

Translator's Note on "The Woman of Your Family".

"The Lady of Your Family" is a translation of "Art Front" compiled by Keiji Oze in Japan; His base is "Literary Russia" edited by V. Liding of Russia, which contains autobiographies of modern novelists, bibliography of works, representative short stories, etc. The author of this article is not a famous person, and his experience is very simple. Now his autobiography will be translated below-

"I was born in Polteva in 1895. My father was an artist and a nobleman. In 1913 he graduated from the Classical High School and entered the law department of St. Petersburg University, where he did not graduate. In 1915, he went to the front as a volunteer, was wounded, and was also killed by poisoned gas. The heart is a little strange. Became a staff lieutenant. In 1918, as a volunteer, he joined the Red Army. In 1919, he returned to his hometown with the first place. In 1921, he engaged in literature. My debut novel appeared in the Petersburg Annual Report in 1921. ”

"The Polish Girl" is a translation of the "Collected Novels of Lucia", compiled by Masao Yonegawa in Japan.

Translator's Note on "Cannibal Words".

Charlie Louis Philip (Cha

les-Louis *******e 1874-1909) was the son of a shoemaker, who was educated a little and became a petty official at the Hôtel de Ville until his death. His literary life was only thirteen or fourteen years.

He loved to read the works of Nietzsche, Tolstoy, and Dostovsky; On the wall of his house is a sentence from Dostovsky:

"The reason for getting a lot of afflictions is because there is the power to endure a lot of afflictions." But explain it yourself:

"This is not true, but though it is known to be inaccurate, it is a word of comfort."

At this end, it shows that his sexual behavior and thoughts are very distinct.

This one is a translation from the "Philip Short Stories" of Horiguchi University in Japan, and it is his later masterpiece. But what I have taken is a profound allegorical metaphor from the article, and as for the lesson at the beginning and end, it is probably based on the author's Gatri thoughts, which I do not think is true.

September 20, 1928.