The tenth year of the Grand Duke is another year of harvest.

On 1 August, Zhu Jingyuan came to the shipyard in Songjiang Prefecture.

Participated in the ceremony of the delivery of the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier of the Ming Dynasty, the Guangdong.

This is a huge battleship that has never been seen before.

In Zhu Jingyuan's experience before and after, this is the most huge warship.

The unloaded displacement of the Guangdong reached 100,000 tons, and the full load displacement reached 120,000 tons.

The length of the hull waterline is 340 meters, and the width of the waterline is 45 meters.

The total length of the flight deck is 360 meters, and the maximum width of the flight deck is 88 meters.

It is twenty meters longer than the USS CVN65, the longest aircraft carrier in its previous life, and ten meters wider than the fattest aircraft carrier, the USS Ford.

The overall technical conditions are similar to those of the mid-term Nimitz class, and the design indicators refer to the design experience of Nimitz and Ford.

When the United States designed the Nimitz, the designers and naval personnel concluded that the most suitable number of reactors for a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier was four.

In this way, it was relatively easy to stack higher power at that time, and it was also possible to have relatively higher and more suitable power and power redundancy.

But before Nimitz, the Enterprise had already been built with eight reactors, and the cost of construction and use scared the old men on Capitol Hill in the United States.

Not only did they veto the plan to switch to nuclear power for the last Kitty Hawk class, but they also limited the newly designed Nimitz to a maximum of two reactors.

Two reactors were to be stacked to a high enough power level and to ensure reliability.

As a result, the overall design and construction difficulty has increased significantly, which is a large level higher than the four-reactor scheme.

Crucially, Nimitz's hull design was therefore limited in power, and the final hull size was reduced compared to that of the Enterprise.

Daming did not engage in a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier using multiple submarine reactors, and directly started the research on large reactors used by large warships in advance.

Zhu Jingyuan allowed the use of four reactors to design, so the Ming aircraft carrier designers were basically not restricted.

Fully utilizing the highest level of design and construction that is currently achievable.

In the past life, in the new century, when the United States designed the next generation of Nimitz's aircraft carrier, there was a plan for the same period as Ford.

The design code name is ECBL, which is basically based on Nimitz, and the overall size is enlarged by one level.

Trying to remove the restrictions that Nimitz brought from the womb.

As a result, the solution itself was not problematic and was demonstrated to be the most cost-effective design.

At this time, the reactor technology was greatly improved compared with Nimitz, and the same two reactors could increase the total power by more than 50%.

But the cost of upgrading the supporting facilities of the American Navy is unacceptable to the old men on Capitol Hill.

The shipyards and equipment of the American Navy, the maintenance docks and equipment of the military bases, were built according to the standards of the Nimitz and Enterprise.

If the new aircraft carrier is to be enlarged, all these facilities will have to be upgraded.

As the United States continued to deindustrialize during the Cold War era, the level of infrastructure construction continued to decline.

These things, which have been used for decades, have already formed a fixed industry.

The entire industrial chain lives on the work of this military support, and there may be only one supplier for each link in the industrial chain.

A comprehensive upgrade of all supporting facilities is equivalent to rebuilding the entire industrial chain, and the final cost is difficult to estimate.

The most important thing is that there is no large civilian shipbuilding industry in the United States, and shipyards simply do not have larger docks.

In the end, the United States believes that the ultimate benefit of the larger size of the new aircraft carrier design may not be able to offset the cost of upgrading the supporting facilities.

Therefore, the ECBL design scheme to enlarge the size of the aircraft carrier was eliminated.

The final option of the Ford-class was still no longer than the old Enterprise, with a slight increase in width and a slight increase in tonnage.

Upgrades and improvements can only be made to internal facilities and equipment, and tinkered builds use electric bombs to reset the fattened version of Nimitz.

To a certain extent, the state of the American shipyards and naval facilities has become the "horse's ass" of the American warship design.

Daming's industrial construction capacity is still in its heyday, and of course there will be no problem of supporting facilities limiting the size of capital ships.

Daming is still building civil ships on a large scale, and large passenger ships have developed to the level of 200,000 tons.

And with the experience of the United States, Zhu Jingyuan naturally and intentionally relaxed the standards.

The size and tonnage of the final Canton are even larger than the ECBL, the large aircraft carrier program of the American New Century.

The full load displacement has increased from more than 110,000 tons to 120,000 tons.

The deck layout is based on Ford's design, with a completely rear-mounted independent island.

It is equipped with the latest phased array radar system, and the latest computer and communication systems are deployed.

There are a total of three large lifts on the hull, one on the left and one on the right, each of which can dispatch two 36-ton heavy fighters at the same time.

A total of four steam catapults, currently capable of catapulting aircraft with a full load of 32 tons, will be increased to 40 tons in the next ten years.

The main fighter on board is the third-generation variable-swept wing fighter that has just entered service.

The form and performance of the aircraft are basically indicators of the F14 in the previous life.

An airborne phased array radar was also installed, with an on-board computer and a fly-by-wire flight control system.

The latest generation of AWACS aircraft has also been updated to the version of a large phased array radar, and the detection range has exceeded 600 kilometers.

The combat effectiveness of such a large aircraft carrier has already surpassed that of Nimitz in the nineties of the previous life.

These new large nuclear-powered aircraft carriers will no longer be built at full capacity.

Rather, according to the state of use of the old large conventionally powered aircraft carriers, the construction of replacement aircraft carriers will be started five years before the old aircraft carriers are about to be decommissioned.

The total number of aircraft carriers will remain within thirty-two.

The newest conventionally powered aircraft carrier has just entered service and is expected to take forty years to complete its full replacement.

Even so, the construction speed of Daming's subsequent nuclear-powered aircraft carriers is still far faster than that of any country in the previous life, almost four ships must be built every five years.

In the past 40 years, technology may undergo earth-shaking changes, so the shipboard equipment will be upgraded simultaneously in the middle and late stages of construction.

Thirty years later, the design of a new generation of aircraft carriers began.

In addition to aircraft carriers, which will be the main force, the Navy will build up to 64 amphibious ships one after another.

It is also necessary to build attack nuclear submarines, strategic missile nuclear submarines, and a larger number of missile cruisers, destroyers, and other ships.

However, the current world situation is completely different from Zhu Jingyuan's previous life.

The greatest role of the army that the Ming Dynasty continues to maintain is no longer purely to deter and strike at potential enemy countries.

Even if there were rebels in some places, they would definitely not be able to master the same military equipment as the imperial court, such as the third-generation heavy fighters.

Therefore, the Ming Navy's more mission is to carry out emergency rescue around the world.

Most of the important settlements of the Ming Dynasty in the world are in the coastal areas, and there are also a large number of islands.

Subsequent development plans will continue to focus on all coastal areas.

Sea rescue is much more important and convenient than land rescue.

Therefore, the new warships of the Ming Dynasty, including aircraft carriers and cruisers, especially amphibious assault ships, have been specially designed for rescue operations.

There are a large number of warehouses and a large number of dormitories, and they usually carry a large number of medical and rescue facilities.

Because the hull size of warships of all classes will be generally larger.

Anyway, steel is the least valuable on a battleship.

In the future, if the main ships of the Ming Navy are dispatched collectively, they can directly empty a normal-sized mansion.

The Navy is also responsible for laying submarine cables.

In the past few years, they have been laying trunk and submarine cables.

Including the naval system, the Governor's Office of the Five Armies of the Ming Dynasty has also completed a comprehensive transformation of the air force and land in accordance with Zhu Jingyuan's plan.

The Army took over the construction of large-scale infrastructure and large-scale infrastructure facilities for people's livelihood.

The laying of backbone fiber optic cables throughout the day has begun to build a universal mobile communication network infrastructure.

The Air Force has taken over the vast majority of space engineering and exploration missions.

In the past four years, 32 GPS satellites have been deployed.

Daming also used satellite exploration and photographic technology to redraw a more accurate map of the world and use it with the global positioning system.

Now pre-experiments of manned spaceflight are being organized.

Because there was no special competitive environment in the Cold War era, Daming's priorities in aerospace engineering were different from those in previous lives.

Manned spaceflight is far less urgent than the deployment of global positioning satellites.

In addition, for the sake of absolute safety, the preliminary test process of manned space flight is very careful, and the progress of the project will naturally slow down.

Zhu Jingyuan is not in a hurry in this regard.

Because of the experience of previous lives, manned spaceflight itself will not produce direct benefits, and will mainly serve scientific research missions that are difficult to intersect with ordinary people.

So the related projects are just done slowly.

The moon landing and deep space exploration are of little practical significance, and there is no chance of building colonies on other planets in this lifetime.

In the future, the semiconductor and Internet communication industries will have a direct impact on the lives of all people, and the industries that can directly contribute to the continued rise of the productivity of the entire society.

This is also an industry that Zhu Jingyuan has paid special attention to after the aviation industry.

In the past few years, Daming's computer, semiconductor, and optical communication related technology research and development has been developing at a speed close to the limit.

After the early dynasty on the first day of the tenth month of the tenth year of the Grand Duke, the new Sikong Wang Lai and the prince Judy Plutonium visited Zhu Jingyuan together.

They specially sent Zhu Jingyuan a special personal computer.

The overall size of this computer has shrunk significantly from the first generation of personal computers four years ago.

It is similar to the normal full-tower chassis used by Zhu Jingyuan in his previous life.

This set of computer equipment is the crystallization of the world's most sophisticated technology.

Most of the stuff in it hasn't been officially mass-produced yet.

Even after all the mass production, it will not appear in front of ordinary people in the short term.

It's too costly and worthy.

It should be said that there is no detailed cost calculation at all, and we have to wait until the mass production of low-end products in the same series before we can do a comprehensive cost accounting.

Simply looking at the current R&D costs are sky-high.

This is a conceptual machine that has been specially built for technical presentations.

Next to Zhu Jingyuan's current office, there is a special semiconductor room for various computers and communication equipment.

There is a very simple but sturdy large workbench dedicated to computers.

The craftsmen installed the machine, and then Wang Lai and Judy Plutonium used the computer as the center to introduce Zhu Jingyuan to the development of the computer and semiconductor industry.

Daming began to build the semiconductor industry in the first year of Dagong, and basically completed the framework deployment of the industry in the sixth year of Dagong.

When Zhu Jingyuan was in the sixth year of Dagong, he put forward a lot of semiconductor-related technical directions and put forward a lot of technical ideas for improving the manufacturing process.

With an industrial foundation and the right direction of research and development, Daming's semiconductor research and development speed continues to soar.

Achieved sustained and large-scale improvements across orders of magnitude.

The state-of-the-art process started at two microns, completed four major upgrades in four years, and achieved mass production of the 500 nanometer process this year.

The 64-bit microprocessor has been updated three times in four years, and now the latest version integrates five million transistors and achieves a speed of 100 million calculations per second.

And it integrates a first-level cache of 32,000 hexagrams.

The overall level slightly exceeds the level of the historical 80586, that is, the level of the first generation of Pentium processors.

The leapfrog improvement of the semiconductor production process will not only benefit from microprocessors, but also various special or general-purpose chips can be upgraded simultaneously.

The most important chips besides microprocessors are memory and flash memory.

Compared to microprocessors, whose internal circuitry is extremely complex, the internal structure of memory and flash memory chips is much simpler.

Therefore, the capacity upgrade of memory and flash memory chips is far more than the upgrade of the processor.

It has produced a memory chip with a single particle of eight million hexagrams, with a capacity equivalent to 16MB in the previous life.

The craftsmen of the Ming Dynasty put sixteen chips onto a long circuit board to build the most typical computer memory module in Zhu Jingyuan's previous life.

Since the memory is called the ledger by the craftsmen, the memory module is also named the "ledger rack".

The total capacity of each ledger rack reached 12.8 million words, or about 256 MB.

In order to demonstrate the strongest cutting-edge technology, the computer in front of Zhu Jingyuan installed up to eight sets of "account racks."

In the end, he had a total of one billion hexagrams, which was equivalent to eight 256MB memory sticks in Zhu Jingyuan's previous life, forming a total of 2GB of memory.

In Zhu Jingyuan's previous life, in 2010, the memory of a common home computer was only about 2GB.

Of course, such a comparison is unreasonable, and it is equivalent to comparing a top-of-the-line workstation with an ordinary home office computer.

The typical memory in 2010 was a single 2GB, and now Daming only has a single 256MB, and the process is still at the level of the mid-nineties.

In the mid-to-late nineties, a single 1GB memory module was already produced in the laboratories of various semiconductor factories.

It's just that the cost level is still uncontrollable, and there is no way to produce it in large quantities.

Moreover, computers at the time had limited access speeds, so there was no use for such a large amount of memory.

Coupled with the ensuing dot-com bubble, the industry was hit so hard that it wasn't until a decade later that 1GB of memory was on the market.

In this era, the memory capacity of Zhu Jingyuan's computer can only be described as terrifying.

In terms of flash memory chips, the company completed production verification three years ago.

He designed and produced the corresponding mobile storage devices, including memory cards and USB disks used by Zhu Jingyuan in his previous life.

These things are named "handbooks" by craftsmen according to local conditions, which means account sheet data that can be held in the hands and carried on the body.

Hard disks made of flash memory particles, which are typical solid-state drives, were also designed simultaneously.

This equipment was named "fast warehouse" by craftsmen, which means fast data warehouse.

Flash memory chips are simpler and crussy than memory, and can rely on process and size to hard-stack capacity, even exceeding the capacity of contemporaneous HDDs.

After flash memory was invented, with the improvement of Daming's semiconductor production process, two rounds of process and capacity iterations were quickly completed.

Now a single large particle of 128 million characters has been produced, which is equivalent to a 256MB SD card in the previous life.

Craftsmen piled sixty-four particles on a circuit board to create an eight-billion-character solid-state drive, equivalent to 16 gigabytes of capacity in the previous life.

There are also two of these hard drives installed on this computer, and a 32GB SSD is stacked up.

It's just that the speed is still only at the level of the memory card.

As for the mechanical hard disk at this time, the volume has also shrunk to the size of the optical drive in the previous life.

At the same time, the capacity of a single mechanical hard disk has reached 16 billion hexagrams, which is equivalent to 32GB in Zhu Jingyuan's previous life.

Zhu Jingyuan's computer has four pieces in the middle layer, with a total capacity of 128GB.

At the same time, the latest optical drive, which has been developed and upgraded once, is also installed on this computer.

The capacity of a disc is about 500 million hexagrams, which is equivalent to 1GB in Zhu Jingyuan's previous life.

There is also a universal serial data link similar to the USB protocol.

It can be plugged into various devices such as keyboards, mice, USB drives, printers, recorders, and gamepads.

There is also a special large interface, similar to the fast-swappable hard disk interface, which can be used to plug in the fast library SSD.

Game cartridges can also be plugged in.

This computer comes with features similar to those of previous game consoles.

The game cartridge of this world was designed by Judy Plutonium under Zhu Jingyuan's reminder.

Using flash memory particles and supporting circuit boards, the game program is burned and plugged into the computer to play.

There are no consoles specifically designed for the time being.

The performance of Zhu Jingyuan's computer has comprehensively surpassed the first-generation PS game console.

It's just that just four years have passed since Judy Plutonium designed the game, and the performance of the computer has been improving by leaps and bounds.

Judy Plutonium didn't pioneer a game engine that was too complex.

There's also not time to design a really big game for computers.

For the time being, I just did some simple games.

The hardware team completed the design of the dedicated 3D graphics card.

Produced using the same 500-nanometer process as the processor, it integrates three million transistors into the core and is paired with 256MB of dedicated video memory.

The maximum resolution of 1800×1200 is supported.

On graphics cards and display devices, Zhu Jingyuan has also participated in the formulation of rules and emphasized several details.

The first is the video output interface, which must be unified with all devices.

Avoid a bunch of messy interfaces like in the previous life, and everyone is a bunch of wires that don't know whether they are universal.

There's also a bunch of single-purpose reconnects......

Zhu Jingyuan preferred the DP interface in his previous life, but one side of the DP interface was flat, and it was possible to insert it into a corner in turn, which sometimes misplaced.

So in the end, a trapezoidal appearance similar to HDMI was adopted.

However, the specific internal transmission standard is not HDMI, which is formulated by Daming craftsmen according to the actual situation.

The display attached to a discrete graphics card is the largest LCD display in the world.

The largest LCD plate made by the factory was not divided into several small-sized LCD plates, but directly made into a whole display.

The panel size is 45 cm×30 cm, the resolution is 1800×1200, and the aspect ratio is three to two.

For the dimensioning of the LCD monitor, after discussing with the craftsmen of Zhu Jingyuan Daming, they formulated a very simple and crude plan.

Directly calculate the area of the LCD panel and convert it into the most suitable square decimeter on the order of magnitude.

The total area of the display in front of Zhu Jingyuan is about thirteen square decimeters.

Abbreviated as "thirteen-point" display.

Compared to the typical 16-to-9 display of the previous life, the width is basically the same as that of a 24-inch monitor, and the diagonal length is about the same as that of a 21-inch monitor.

A six-point display is about 14 inches, and a 24-point display is about 30 inches.

The habit of using diagonal length to indicate the size of liquid crystal displays was one of the most hated industry practices in Zhu Jingyuan's previous life.

Simply because, the earliest displays, including televisions and various meter display screens, were circular.

So at that time, it was very appropriate to directly use the diagonal length to indicate the size of a circular display.

But the human field of vision is oval, and later in order to facilitate human viewing, televisions and monitors slowly became square.

The principle of traditional CRT display determines that if you want to maximize the use of the original display to put the largest picture, you must make the display as square as possible.

It is also reasonable to continue to use diagonal representation.

Manufacturers will not save much cost by making the display flat, and even need to abandon some edge display effects.

But entering the liquid crystal era is different.

The LCD panel is originally a standard rectangle, and it is cut out of a large panel.

You can cut out any aspect ratio.

With the same diagonal, the larger the aspect ratio of the display, the smaller the actual total area of the LCD panel.

This means that the actual production cost of "same logo size" will be lower.

In the case of the same panel area used, the larger the aspect ratio of the display, the larger the diagonal of the display, and the larger the number converted into the size of the universal logo.

This means that the same area of the LCD version is consumed, and the "logo size" of the display that is finally sold becomes larger.

Able to occupy a certain advantage in sales promotion.

Such a general display size representation method directly promotes the efforts of the relevant industry chain to make the aspect ratio of the display longer and longer.

Of course, there are factors that widescreens are indeed suitable for entertainment, but the most critical drivers are cost control and profit margins.

In order to avoid this unnatural tendency, Zhu Jingyuan directly stuck this unreasonable representation scheme from the source.

The size of an LCD display is represented in a completely different way than a conventional CRT display.

Directly expressed by area, how large the size of the display, how large the area of the LCD plate will be consumed, there is no way to play tricks in measuring and publicizing the caliber.

This will not allow manufacturers to push wider monitors for the sake of profits, and eventually turn office monitors into flat ones.

But that doesn't stop manufacturers from producing widescreen displays for entertainment.

On this basis, Zhu Jingyuan also worked with relevant craftsmen to draw up a relatively strict aspect ratio plan.

Set the ratio of three typical most convenient exchange cuts.

A one-to-one square screen, a two-to-one wide screen, and a three-to-two compromise universal screen.

LCD displays have not yet been popularized on a large scale, and experimental products are only general-purpose screens for the time being.

On the companion operating system, a few more typical resolutions are set.

300×200, 600×400 for small equipment.

1200× 800, 1800× 1200, 2400× 1600 for large equipment.

Promote the display industry to design products according to these typical resolutions, so as to facilitate the adaptation of the operating system in the display effect.

This is also based on Zhu Jingyuan's experience in his previous life, or the pain points he has endured.

The adaptation of early operating systems to scaling was extraordinarily simple and crude.

The maximum resolution is the optimal resolution, and there is little consideration given to scaling.

In the early days of 100% display by default, displays of all sizes and resolutions could display fine.

But in the era of high-resolution screens, stretching and zooming always have various problems.

The aspect ratio and resolution of computer monitors are too complex, and even if Microsoft itself does a good job of system adaptation, various third-party software is also a bunch of problems.

Zhu Jingyuan is now planning for the nature of precaution in advance.

After the hardware introduction, Zhu Jingyuan also got started directly and operated the software on the computer.

First, let's look at the basic display of text and symbols.

With the hardware specifications that can be called luxurious in this era, of course, all the Chinese characters can be displayed perfectly.

On the motherboard of this computer, there is even a special ledger chip capable of holding 65,536 character sets of 64×64 dots.

On a 1800×1200 resolution display, the text displayed at this level is very clear and sharp.

The effect of simply displaying words and symbols is no longer substantially different from the latest computer I used in my previous life.

Then there are the most important utility programs.

The visual file and data management of the graphical interface is very similar to the computer operating system of Zhu Jingyuan's previous life.

Programmatic professional database management is a professional database software that is continuously upgraded and improved on the basis of traditional large-scale computer programs.

Programs designed for the performance of previous computers run very smoothly on this "supercomputer".

More basic word processing, table processing, daily calculations, etc., are of course perfectly fine.

Next is the network connection and retrieval tool, which includes local connection and internet connection capabilities, which are equivalent to the capabilities of a browser.

At present, the function is very rudimentary, only the function of typing the address to display the shared file, or the function of designing a simple web page.

The address can be a private network address in numeric format, or an Internet address in the form of practical Chinese characters.

Zhu Jingyuan's Chinese character URLs in his previous life were not realized, and most of them became tools for making money.

The world's web address has been in Chinese characters from the beginning.

On this basis, the craftsmen also developed an instant network communication tool according to Zhu Jingyuan's requirements.

That is, small software similar to MSN, QQ, and WeChat, but now the function is exceptionally simple and pure.

Only the most basic sessions, group sessions, file sending, and sharing features.

The network of optical fiber and twisted pair has also completed a round of technological innovation in four years.

The cables themselves are still those things, but the data processing and forwarding equipment have been upgraded on a large scale.

Then, through the combination of multiple optical fibers, the maximum bandwidth limit of the backbone network has reached 100 million words per second.

It is equivalent to the level of 1,600 megabits of broadband in the previous life, and the maximum download speed per second is 200MB.

If there is a special need for broadband used by ordinary institutions and departments, they can also apply for 10 million words, that is, the level of 160 megabytes of broadband.

The bandwidth of ordinary imperial court departments and institutions is one million hexagrams, which is equivalent to sixteen megabytes of broadband.

Compared to the 60KB speed of dial-up Internet access, which began to be widespread four years ago, this is another generational upgrade.

The 2MB of bandwidth that the emperor and the data center could only use four years ago will be popularized to all ordinary departments.

Coupled with some basic software such as picture viewers and video players, the typical computer functions of Zhu Jingyuan's previous life have been basically realized.

If everyone had such a computer, it would be possible to do paperless work and all kinds of entertainment in the Internet age.

Home computers and office computers in the late nineties may be lower than they are now.

It's just that this computer will definitely not be able to be "home" in the short term.

Zhu Jingyuan held a game controller, opened a box game on the computer, and said with obvious emotion while playing it again:

"The indicators of this computer are more appropriate, and they are enough to promote sales among the people around the world.

"It's just that it is the way it is now, it shouldn't be able to be mass-produced directly, right?"

Sikong Wanglai also sighed and shook his head directly:

"Your Majesty, Your Majesty, this computer is a laboratory product.

"The main hardware inside and outside of him is no longer custom-made.

"Major chips, including monitors, account racks, motherboards, flash drives, etc., are all sieved from thousands of semi-finished products.

"A large part of the rest is directly unqualified, and only a small number can be used at a lower level.

"For the time being, there is no way to really mass-produce products of the same level.

"Unless the order volume is more than one million units, then we can recruit enough people and make great efforts to improve the yield rate of each part.

"Or, a drastic reduction of standards, a few big reductions.

"Find a cost-acceptable solution.

"For example, for a monitor, it is not possible to make a display directly from the entire panel.

"A six-point screen should be cut in the middle of the panel, and the rest should be made into a display for various small devices.

"The account chip particles should also use mature low-level chips, and the capacity should be reduced by at least eight times.

"There's still a certain amount of viability to do that."

Zhu Jingyuan thought for a while and said:

"Then do what Aiqing said, downgrade to find a node with controllable costs, and then start selling it on the market.

"Of course, you can't just sell downgraded products, and I still have to continue to research the finished products in this laboratory.

In other words, continue to tackle a new generation of experimental products on a larger scale and with higher standards.

"The new technology that emerges from this process should help improve the yield of previously low-standard products.

"In this way, we will continue to move forward, and continue to downgrade the previous laboratory products into mass-produced products that can be sold to the private sector in turn."

Wang Lai nodded very seriously and agreed:

"The ministers obey."

(End of chapter)