"On the 11th, stationed in the Liao River."

On that day, Khan said: "There is a misunderstanding of the Setel Seleng, and he ordered the Mongol Zhubeile to meet the Setel Seleng." "The Mongolian Zhubeile intends to punish the reservoir Setel Seleng with two armored horses and eight empty horses, a total of ten horses, and the music is heard in Khan. Khan said: "The sin will be discussed after the class teacher." Then he offered ten horses, and did not accept them, and allowed Setel to see him, and the Mongol Beyles bowed to the Khan.

The Liao River here actually refers to the Laoha River, the southern source of the West Liao River, which is called "Old Hamulun" in Mongolian. The history is called Wuhou Qin water, Tuhu real water, the old river, the earth river, and the Qing season is called the old Ha River. After the confluence of the Laoha River and the Xilamulun River, it is called the Xiliao River. The Xilamulun River basin is the core territory of the Chahar Department, so the approach of the Houjin army also caused a violent shock among the Chahar tribes.

Some Mongols fled to the Ming Dynasty, probably to report news or ask for help. As a result, he was pursued and killed by the chief military officer, Unag. Unag, also translated as Wunag, was a Mongol ancestor, but grew up in Yehe, a Haixi Jurchen. Very early on, he brought 72 men to Nurhachi. Unag can be civil and martial, and his status in Houjin is very high, and his position at this time is Gushan Ezhen of the Mongolian Left Battalion. He was the highest-ranking Mongol in the Later Jin regime.

On the 11th, the place of encampment should be at the bend of the lower reaches of the Hongshan Reservoir of the Laoha River, that is, the east and west Mengjiapuzi, and the area of Lijiayingzi Village. After the previous journey, the Jin army has been going west, and when it reaches the bank of the Laoha River, it will no longer go west, but march south along the Haramulun River.

"On the twelfth, stationed at the Liao River. On that day, he led a member of the minister of each Jiala horse, and ten infantry per oxen to hunt. On the same day, the commander-in-chief of the army, Unag, and the adjutant general, Suna, pursued the defeated men of the same party, looking for his wife to return, and all of them were all reunited and organized into household registration. On that day, he gathered all the ministers and Bayala and others to slaughter one ox and four sheep and set up a feast. ”

On the same day, Huang Taiji also set up a banquet to entertain the ministers and the tooth swinger, which shows that the status of the tooth swing is indeed very high. After arriving in the Laoha River Valley, the Houjin army did not have the tense atmosphere of the approaching big war, and seemed very relaxed. In order to supplement the meat, he even "led ten infantry per ox to hunt".

"On the 14th, he was still stationed in Liaohe. On that day, he led ten infantry per ox to hunt. ”

From the twelfth day, the Houjin army basically did not move the camp, and hunted for three consecutive days. Why don't you stop? They're waiting for someone. Waiting for whom? Of course, it is Horqin, the most important ally of Houjin.

"On the 15th, 23 beylers of the Mongolian Korqin tribe, including Tushetu Khan, Tumei, Old Man Kongol, Darhan Taiji, Sinemin Andaiqing, Yierduqi, Ukshan, Hatan Baturu, Dorji, Liangsang Arzhai, Sonomu, Lab Xixi, Muzhai, Badari Xuanohe, Zaishiri, Darhan Hongbaturu, Seleng, Baisgar, Esen, Darhan Zhuoliktu, and the son of Darhan Taiji, came to the meeting."

"When he came, Khan led two great beylers and Zhongtaiji to meet him three miles away. At the place where he met, that is, before dismounting, he bowed to the heavens, and knelt three times and kowtowed nine times. (To Shuntian actually meets the teacher, is to worship the sky)"

"Khan sat on one side of the middle and two great beylers, and the two wings of the two wings. Tushetu Khan and his people knocked at Beyl. Tushetu Khan bowed in front of him, hugged and saluted, then bowed to the two great beylers, hugged and saluted each other, and then bowed to all Taiji, in order of teeth, and finished hugging and saluting. ”

"The old man of Kongor, as well as the Zhubels, the Khan, the two great beyls, the Zhongtaiji, the Chahar beyls, the Khalkha beyls, the Bahrain beylers, and the Zarut beylers, hug and greet them in turn."

"Tushetu Khan and the old man Kongol, with the wine they carried, offered Khan and the two great Beylers to drink it first. So he made Tushetu Khan and Tommebel sit on the right, the old man Kongol on the left, and Zhubel on the two sides. Slaughter ten cows, twenty sheep, take 100 large bottles of wine, and feast. The six banners of Korqin were offered by the courtiers, the 10th Tushetu Khan Horse, the 10th Tumei Belle Horse and the 10th Old Man of Kongol, the 10th Darhantaiji Horse, the 10th Ilduqi Horse, and the 10th Ukshan Horse; into the two great bailes, each horse two, do not know it. Zalaite came to Zhubel, and returned halfway. ”

The Jurchens usually refer to their grandfathers as old men. Kongol's daughter, Borzigit, is married to Nurhachi, so Konggol is considered the grandfather of Huang Taiji's brothers.

The Horqin tribe was the most important ally of the Houjin, and in order to wait for the alliance with the Horqin tribe, Huang Taiji stayed here for five days. The meeting between the two sides was very grand, and they greeted each other, which was very lively. However, the Zalaite department went back halfway through, and it was very faceless, which shows that the Mongolian departments are still worried about Vaming.

It is recorded in the "Qing Historical Manuscript" that Huang Taiji also consulted the Horqin Department for this purpose. "Renxu, Ciliao River. Bingyin, Korqin Oba came to the meeting with twenty-three beylers. The ministers of Baylor were gathered to discuss the levy and the expedition to Har, and they all said that Chahar was far away, so they were clear. ”

Of course, this so-called consultation is also face-saving. The army has come so far, do you say that if you don't fight, you won't fight? As for going to fight Chahar, the main force of Chahar had already gone to Guihua City (now Hohhot). The road was too far and the preparation was too poor to go on the expedition.

After deciding on the plan for Zhengming, the Houjin coalition army ended its safari and marched south.

"On the 16th, the area of the Ciliao River Gully."

"On that day, I gave Korqin Tumebel and Shinamin Andaiqing two Beyler carved pommel horses. He ordered him to choose his thin Mongolian horses and send them back. ”

The two Taiji of the Horqin Department did not know what was going on, and were suddenly repatriated. may have retreated halfway, which made Huang Taiji unhappy. However, considering Korqin's ally, there is still some affection.

The specific location of Liaohegou is not recorded in the history books, and it is inferred that it is near the present-day Polo and Shuo Township. This is the mouth of the Sheep Intestine River that flows into the Laoha River. It is about 50 kilometers away from the downstream bend where the Houjin army hunted, which is in line with the marching law of the Houjin army. And the nearby landform is also very consistent with the Liaohegou statement.

The water flow in the upper reaches of the Hongshan Reservoir (of course, there was no reservoir at that time) has plummeted, and the terrain is no longer flat, and there are many ravines. The Later Jin Army called it Liaohegou, which is very appropriate.

"On the 17th, stationed on Xibotu Road on the Liaohe River."

For example, the hometown of the Jianzhou Jurchen is called "Huli Gai Road", which refers to the Ussuri River, indicating that the birthplace of the Jianzhou Jurchen is in the present-day Ussuri River basin. The meaning of the diagram and the road is similar.

The Xibo Road refers to the Xibe River region. In Mongolian, it is called Xibegaole (Xianbei River), that is, Xibe River, also known as Yinliang River and Shibei River. The Xibe River originates from Maojingba at the junction of Inner Mongolia and Hebei Province, all the way up and down the mountains, flows through the Karaqin Banner Wangyedian, Meilin, Wangyefu, Shijiazi, Jinshan, Longshan, Cameldian, Niujiayingzi and other eight towns and the suburbs of Chifeng City, and flows with the Yin River in the west of Hongshan District to become the Yingjin River, with a total length of more than 200 miles.

Judging from the movements of the Later Jin army before and after, it is likely that the place they arrived at was the mouth of the Yingjin River after the confluence of the Xibe River and the Yin River, rather than the actual mouth of the Xibe River.

Because if you want to camp at the mouth of the Xibe River, you have to go to today's Hongshan District, Chifeng City. The road is a little farther, 120 miles, and the Hongshan District of Chifeng City is in the westerly direction, which is equivalent to a long detour.

Therefore, I personally prefer that the Houjin army still went upriver along the Laoha River, crossed the Yingjin River, and camped in the area of present-day Yuanbaoshan Town and Majiawan. The Yingjin River is the lower reaches of the Xibe River, and it is not an exaggeration to call it the Xibe River. Of course, it cannot be ruled out that the Houjin army took the wrong road, but this possibility is very small.

"On the 18th, stationed in the Chamugasi area of the Liaohe River."

The specific location of this Chamgars has not been recorded, but the name of the place contains the word Liaohe, indicating that it is still along the Laoha River. From here, it can also be proved that the marching route of the Jin army before and after has been going retrograde along the Laoha River, and it is unlikely that it will turn from the Yingjin River to Chifeng.

If it is calculated according to the daily journey of 50 kilometers, it is speculated to be the west bank of the Laoha River, north of the present-day Yuanbaoshan District, near Gushan Square.

"On the nineteenth, we will stay in the city where Subdita is located."

Subudita, also known as Subdi, Subdi, and Shubu, was the leader of the Doyan Karaqin. This tribe is the Doyan people, a branch of the Uliangha people. Strictly speaking, they are not real Mongols, but they are very close to the Jurchens. Duoyan was a vassal of the Ming Dynasty earlier, but rebelled when he became an ancestor. Later, he became a subordinate of the Karaqin Department, so it was also called Duoyan Karaqin. But there is still a difference from the real Karaqin, and its position has always wavered.

Interestingly, Su Budi also served as the commander of the Ming Dynasty's Duoyan Sanwei Capital, but he was just a wall grass, constantly oscillating between the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia, the Later Jin, and the Karaqin headquarters. As Chahar Lindan Khan moved westward and destroyed the headquarters of Karaqin, the Ming Dynasty could not do anything about it, and Duoyan had completely fallen to the Later Jin.

The Ming Dynasty didn't know anything about it, and Yuan Chonghuan, the governor of Jiliao, also tried to win over Su Budi, and swore to Emperor Chongzhen that Su Budi would become "His Majesty's Great Wall of Meat".

There are many scholars who attribute Subdi's betrayal to Chongzhen's prohibition of selling grain to Duoyan, as if as long as he sells grain to Subdi, Subdi will give his life to the Ming Dynasty, which is really naïve and ridiculous. So don't think how incompetent Chongzhen is, at least he is more reliable than many experts and scholars now.

In the winter of the first year of Chongzhen, Duoyan was indeed seriously short of food, but Emperor Chongzhen did not say that he would not sell it, but asked Yuan Chonghuan to "count and give food". Isn't it very reasonable to say that Duoyan sells as much grain as there is a population? Duoyan has been in decline for a long time, and it is a very small tribe, with only a few thousand men in the whole clan. If you buy too much food in one go, there is obviously a problem! If you can't do it, these grains will be put down and become Huang Taiji's military food.

What's more, Huang Taiji came with more than 20,000 troops at this time. Even if Subdi is loyal to the Ming Dynasty, what can he do? Could it be that it became the sacrifice of the whole clan of the Ming Dynasty? It's impossible to think about! Therefore, regardless of whether the Ming Dynasty sells grain or not, as long as the Huang Taiji army arrives, Subdi, the leading party, will be decided, and if you don't want to, you have to be appropriate. Expecting him to be the Great Wall of Daming is really a pipe dream!

The old town of Duoyan is in Longshan Village, Longshan Town, Karaqin Banner, on the west bank of the Xibe River. Therefore, a lot of information concludes that the Houjin army made a detour to Longshan Village. However, after careful extrapolation, the author thinks it is unlikely.

If the Houjin army did go to the mouth of the Xibe River in Chifeng on the 17th, then it would be feasible to go directly south to Longshan Village. However, eighteen days later, the Jin army arrived at Chamugasi in Liaohe, and if they wanted to go to the old city of Duoyan, they had to go back from Chamugas. It's really illogical to go around and around continuously. This is a war, not a tour!

In fact, the "Manchu Old Files" only says "the city where Subhita is located", and does not emphasize that it is "Duoyan Old City". Subdi, as the leader of the Duoyan tribe, is not necessarily in the old city. At that time, the general background was that Chahar Lingdan Khan led his troops to the west, defeating the Mongolian right-wing troops along the way.

In order to avoid being attacked by the fish in the pond, it is completely normal for Subdi to lead his troops to hide a little further east. Judging from the itinerary of the Later Jin Army, it is inferred that it should be near present-day Ningcheng County. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the area around Ningcheng was the core territory of Duoyan Karaqin.

"On the 20th, stationed in the city of Ela in the Karaqin Department."

Ela City is Kara City, also known as Kara River Tun, that is, the ancient city of Heichenggou in Heicheng Village, Dianzi Town, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City. "Luroncello" records: "Qingcheng is called Hara Hetao". In Mongolian, kala means black. Hetun and Hetao both refer to castles. Therefore, Kara City is also known as Black City and Qingcheng.

This black city also means "ancient city, old city". Because this castle was originally the Daning New City of the four cities built by Feng Sheng in the early Ming Dynasty when he entered the Xifengkou, and the "King James Rehe Chronicles" recorded it as a "new city". Since the Ming Dynasty later abandoned the defense line of the Great Wall for hundreds of miles to the north, this new city became the old city of the Karaqin Department.

"On that day, Khan issued an edict saying: This trip has been blessed by heaven, and those who resist the war will be punished; If the people who have surrendered, though the chickens and dolphins, do not disturb them. Do not separate the father and the son from the husband and wife, do not commit adultery with women, do not plunder the clothes of others, do not break houses and temples, do not destroy vessels, and do not cut down fruit trees. If the order kills the surrenderer, the adulterer shall be beheaded; Those who destroyed houses and temples, cut down fruit trees, plundered clothes, and left the village and entered the villages were severely whipped. Moreover, do not eat the cooked food of the Ming people, do not drink its wine, smell the mountain customs, there are many poisons, should be cautious. Do not feed horses with dry food. If the horses are thin, they can be boiled and fed in a small time; Fat horses are fed only with grass, and when they are resting, they are fed with grain. Whoever takes firewood and grass must not do anything in vain, but must be headed by one person and go together to get it. There are those who gallop away from the crowd, and they are arrested. Those who violate this prohibition will be punished together with Gushan Ezhen, Jiala Ezhen, and Niu Lu Ezhen, who are not subject to strict discipline. ”

The location of the city of Ela can also be refuted, and the city where the Later Jin army was stationed on the 19th was not the old city of Duoyan. Because from Longshan Village to Heicheng Village, it is a hundred kilometers, and you have to go over mountains and mountains in the middle. Huang Taiji really doesn't need to find guilt for himself. And from the Ningcheng area to the south, exactly fifty kilometers, in line with the law of the Later Jin army's march.

It was here that the Emperor Taiji strictly enforced military discipline. It shows that he already has the ambition to annex the world at this time, so he has issued repeated orders to the Houjin army and the affiliated Mongolian army. One of the orders is very special, that is, except for thin horses, dry food should not be used to feed horses, so as to prevent them from being poisoned by the common people of the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, the side also shows that this kind of march has little effect on horsepower, and it can be held out only with grass-fed straw.