A series of questions made Chang Xian shake his head again and again.

"You don't know anything, what kind of collection are you doing? The same is blue and white, a blue and white of the Yuan Dynasty and the blue and white of the Qing Dynasty, the price is very different, the same is the blue and white of the Yuan Dynasty, the fish algae pattern jar and the character jar, the price is also very different. How do you bid? ”

The old man said unceremoniously, "Some small objects are okay, the heavier the weapon, the deeper the water inside, if you want to become a big collector, how can you not know why there was no official kiln in the Yuan Dynasty?" How can it not be clear why the figure jar is the most valuable, and how can it not be clear why the figure jar of Yuan Qinghua is painted with characters from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, but is wearing the costumes of the Song Dynasty? ”

The old man stood up and paced with his hands in his hands: "We Chinese like to divide people and things into several realms, the so-called looking at the mountain is the mountain, and the water is the water; Look at the mountains are not mountains, and look at the water is not water; Look at the mountain is still a mountain, look at the water is still water. Have you heard that? ”

Chang Xian said respectfully: "These words were said by the Tang Dynasty monk Qingyuan Xingsi. ”

Chang Xian knows a lot about Qingyuan Xingsi, because this virtuous monk is closely related to Hunan Province.

Qingyuan Xingsi Zen Master and Nanyue Huairang Zen Master are known as the two pillars of Nanzong Zen.

He participated in the six ancestors of Caoxi Hui Neng to obtain the Fa, and was the first disciple of the six ancestors.

Qingyuan Xingsi has a proud disciple for the stone Xiqian, Xiqian from Xingsi to obtain the law, to Nanyue Nantai Temple to practice.

There is a big stone such as a platform in the east of Nantai Temple, it is convenient to sit on this stone to sit in meditation in the east, build a grass hermitage on the big stone to live there, and the time name is "Stone Zen Master".

Shi Xi moved to Nanyue Shitai Temple for nearly 50 years, and never left Nanyue. The law teaches apprentices, and the reputation spreads far and wide, and scholars from all over the world come one after another.

His famous disciples include 21 people such as Yaoshan Weiyan.

Yaoshan Weiyan is the one who is praised as "the cloud is in the blue sky and the water is in the bottle".

They are each the suzerain of one side, the great Hongqing original line of thinking about the Dharma system, the grand occasion of "stone Zen" and Matsu Daoyi's "Hongzhou Zen" stand side by side, and they jointly push the six ancestors of Nanchan to a new peak.

……

The old man nodded and said, "Now, I have divided the study of ancient learning into three realms. ”

The sun slowly sank, and the old man's face shone brightly.

"The first level of realm is to know that it is fake. I can see that this thing is fake, and I know where it is fake. In this realm, you can read more identification books. The last time I gave you the book list is to flesh out this level, which is a horizontal lift, a boost in width and breadth. ”

"The second level of the realm is to know why it is fake, why it is really like that, and what is false is this, in the middle is the change of raw materials, the change of technology, the change of folk customs? Or is it a cultural reason or a historical reason. This level requires you to read a lot of books, not only history and literature, but also geography and various documents. This is the longitudinal lift, lifting height and depth. ”

"Most of the ancient scholars in today's China only stay in the first realm, knowing it but not knowing why it is. Very few have reached the second realm, and the few who are only dying are also dying, and the deadline is approaching. ”

Speaking of this, I don't know what he remembered, and he was silent for a long time.

"Master, what is the third realm of the ancient world?"

Chang Xian couldn't help but ask.

"The Third Realm of Ancient ......"

The old man said solemnly, "It's a change of temperament!" ”

Temperament?

The old man explained: "Zhang Hengqu of the Northern Song Dynasty proposed to return to nature, the so-called "for the sake of learning, in self-seeking to change temperament", that is, the acquired learning and moral self-cultivation to change the temperament. ”

"Zhu Han'an also thinks that people are learning, but they have to change their temperament, and on the contrary, they cultivate to restore their nature, and as for saints."

Zhang Zai and Zhang Hengqu often know that the "four sentences of Hengqu" of "establishing a heart for the world, asking for life for the people, continuing to learn for the saints, and opening peace for the world" traverses the millennium, runs through Changhong, and is the benchmark for readers.

Not to mention Zhu Xi and Zhu Xian'an, not to mention Chang Xian, a liberal arts student, even a science student knows this old master.

But when it comes to Zhang Zai's "Qi Science" and Zhu Xi's "Science", Chang Xian is a little vague.

Seeing Chang Xian frowning, as if he couldn't understand, the old man thought for a moment and said, "I'll go get something, you wait here." ”

After a while, the old man came over with two scrolls of paintings, and often opened them to take a look. Journey map of the mountains and streams!

Needless to say, Fan Kuan's masterpiece in the Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Kuan is known as "painting mountains and bones and painting souls", and this "Traveling in Streams and Mountains" is also known as "the first Song painting".

Speaking of this painting, there is another interesting fact.

Although this painting has Dong Qichang's inscription "Northern Song Dynasty Fan Zhongli Xishan Travel Map" in the upper right corner, because the Song Dynasty paintings are poor, and the circulation trajectory of this painting before the Ming Dynasty is impossible to examine, so there are many voices of doubt.

It wasn't until 1958 that Li Lincan, a researcher at the National Palace Museum in Taipei, found the word "Fan Kuan" from hiding in the strange rock jungle at the corner of the painting, like looking for a needle in a haystack, that he cleared the fog and got a real hammer.

Nowadays, tourists who go to the museum to explore the authentic works of "Traveling in Streams and Mountains" have to "look for Fan Kuan's signature" every time.

……

The "Journey to the Mountains and Streams" in front of me is a woodblock watermark painting by Rong Bao Zhai.

The so-called woodblock watermark used to be the capital of Rong Bao Zhai's life.

It is to copy according to the handwriting of the sketch, and then compare it with the original, from dark to shallow, overprinted one by one, forcing the original work, which is accurate and almost to the extent of chaos.

Unfold another one, which is also a woodblock watermark of Rong Bao Zhai's "Traveling in Streams and Mountains", but this one is a copy of Wang Hui, one of the "Four Kings" of the Qing Dynasty.

Wang Hui used the pen and ink of the Yuan people, transported the hills and ravines of the Song Dynasty, and Ze used the charm of the Tang people, which was a great achievement, and was called the "painting saint of the early Qing Dynasty".

Although this painting is a copy, it is his masterpiece, and the level is also leveraged, and the "stamp madman" Qianlong also inscribed poems and stamped on it to commemorate the occasion.

"If you don't understand, let's change our brains first."

The old man looked at the two paintings and said with a smile: "You compare the height of these two "Traveling Pictures of Streams and Mountains". ”

This is not the other.

Pure comparison, there is no doubt that Song painting is higher than Qing painting.

But this is not a college entrance exam, and you can score points by blinding yourself with a correct answer.

This "Bibi" is actually "talking".

In the antique shop, you have to know clearly, where is the high and where is the low?

Where is the truth and where is the false?

Chang Xian did not dare to slack off, although he did not study painting, but calligraphy and painting, basic things and at least aesthetics are still there.

Chang Xian thinks that such a question is not difficult, the original and the facsimile are put together, find the differences, and see the differences in the differences.

He looked at it carefully for a while, and sure enough, he saw a lot of fame.