Before I Grow Old + Yokogawa Three Moves (continued) Looking for a Father (15)
"There is a view that babies that need to be safe and preserved should not be retained, and there must be a reason for their elimination. It's important to note that that refers to the 'natural environment'. We are the product of natural selection, our bodies have inherited the legacy of evolution, but we are no longer a species living in the 'natural environment', and many traits in the 'natural environment' that are not conducive to reproduction, such as malnutrition and congenital weakness, are no longer an obstacle in today's era of great abundance of food and advanced medical technology, so the investment in these babies will not cause waste and affect the inheritance of genes. What's more, the reproductive advantage of the trait 'strong' has been reduced to a relatively secondary position, and both men and women are less likely to consider 'strong' when choosing a mate, which is culturally and aesthetically pleasing. The elderly in the countryside prefer daughters-in-law with big butts and think that it is easy to give birth to and raise, which is the only way to consider the problem from the perspective of reproduction. Civilization has changed, and it can even be said that the evolution of human beings has been stopped, and when we inhabit and multiply in a 'civilized world' that is different from the 'natural environment', when the influence of culture is increasingly penetrating into every corner of the city and the country, where we will eventually go as a species is beyond Darwin's theory.
"In his book From Cannibalism to Love, Vitos Drüscher makes an argument that angers women: '...... Even an organism that develops from an egg that contains only male chromosomes will still inherit some of the characteristics of the mother, because in addition to the chromosomes in the nucleus, the cytoplasm also determines the characteristics of the offspring to a certain extent, which is the reason why the offspring born from the cross between a male horse and a female donkey are donkey mules and the offspring born from a cross between a male donkey and a mare are horse mules. In both cases, the offspring produced by the cross were more like the mother than more like the father. ’
"'People often forget this basic law of heredity and mistakenly believe that a child's traits are inherited half from the mother and half from the father. In fact, the same rules that apply to horses and donkeys apply to humans: most of a child's genetic traits are derived from their mothers. Will fathers who complain that their children are not as smart as they are relieved by this? ”
How the burden should be on the father. Did he feel relieved by this? Chen Siping doesn't think so. He was stunned for a moment and continued reading.
"Japanese biologist Yoh Iwasa points out: 'Because the father's sex chromosomes determine the sex of the offspring — if he passes down an X chromosome instead of the Y chromosome, the offspring is female — the X chromosome from the father can only appear in females.'" In this way, female-specific behaviors should only be expressed on the father's chromosomes. If these female-specific behaviors are also expressed by the X chromosome from the mother, they may also appear in males or be too prominent in females. In this way, it is reasonable that the genes that control maternal behavior bear the imprint of paternal inheritance. ’
David Skuse of the London Institute of Child Health and his colleagues conducted an unusual observational experiment that convincingly proved Iwa's theory. Skousse found 80 female patients and children with Turner's syndrome, aged 6~25 years old. If all or part of the X chromosome is missing, it can lead to Turner's syndrome. Males have only one X chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes within all somatic cells, except that one of them is no longer expressed. Therefore, theoretically, Turner's syndrome does not cause abnormal development in women. In fact, women with Turner's syndrome have normal IQs and physical appearance, but they have problems with 'social adjustment'. Scouter and his colleagues decided to compare two types of female patients with Turner's syndrome: the first type of deletion came from the father's X chromosome, and the other type of deletion came from the mother's X chromosome. The 25 female patients with the deletion of the mother's X chromosome showed 'strong language ability and executive ability, and were able to regulate social communication', and their social adaptability was significantly higher than that of the remaining 55 patients with the deletion of the father's X chromosome. Scoute and colleagues administered standardized cognitive tests and questionnaires to their parents to assess their social adaptability. In the questionnaire, parents were asked about some of the manifestations of their own children: whether they paid attention to the feelings of others; Not aware that others are irritated or angry; Lack of awareness of the impact of one's actions on other family members; demanding of other people's time; It's hard to reason with when you're in a bad mood; Not being able to realize that one's actions have hurt others; Disobedience to orders, so, and so on. Parents need to answer 0 (for 'never behaving'), 1 (for 'sometimes') or 2 (for 'always or often'). After that, add up the scores of the 12 questions. As a result, all girls with Turner's syndrome scored higher than normal boys or girls. Girls with missing the paternal X chromosome scored more than twice as high as those with missing the maternal X chromosome.
From this, it can be concluded that there is an imprinted gene somewhere on the X chromosome, which is normally only represented on the paternal copy of the X chromosome. This imprinting gene promotes a person's social adaptability in some way, such as the ability to understand the feelings of others. By looking at children with only part of the X chromosome missing, Scoutey and his colleagues got further evidence to support this theory.
"The impact of this study is far-reaching,...... It explains why boys are more likely than girls to suffer from childhood autism and dyslexia, experiencing language barriers and other social problems. A boy can only get an X chromosome from his mother, which bears the mother's genetic imprint, and once this gene is not expressed, he will experience the above problems. …… Scientists have not yet found the gene, but it has been determined that there is indeed an imprinted gene on the X chromosome.
"Above can be understood as the lack of motherhood and unwillingness to give for children in girls as adults is due to problems with the inherited copy of the paternal X chromosome, while the boy's 'childhood autism and dyslexia, language disorders and other social problems' are due to the inherited problem with the copy of the maternal X chromosome? This is a cold explanation. ”
At first, when he recognized his father's scribbled handwriting and copied these notes, he didn't feel too much, but when he reread it at this moment, Chen Siping was thrilled and felt that he had grown up overnight.