[Text: Those who make male and female couples live with this spirit cannot become benevolent gentlemen at the top, and cannot be evil at the bottom. Placed among tens of thousands of people, its smart and handsome spirit is above tens of thousands of people, and its evil and inhumane state is below tens of thousands of people. If you are born in a rich and noble family, you are infatuated, if you are born in a poor family of poetry and books, you are a master of Yishi, even if you are occasionally born in the cold door of Bo Zuo, you can never be a pawn and a servant, and you are willing to be driven and controlled by mediocrity. Such as the previous generations of Xu You, Tao Qian, Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Liu Ling, Wang Xie Er, Gu Hutou, Chen Houzhu, Tang Minghuang, Song Huizong, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Minan Gong, Shi Manqing, Liu Qiqing, Qin Shaoyou, Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, and then Li Guinian, Huang Wan Chuò, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xue Tao, Cui Ying, Chaoyun and others. This is the same place, and so are the people. This "change of place is the same person", that is, in the case of righteousness and evil fighting each other, a type of person born, this kind of person has both righteousness and evil, although their times are different, their experiences are different, and their opportunities are different, but these people's temperament is the same, that is, the two endowments of good and evil.

Jia Yucun also gave a lot of examples of people born of good and evil, and we introduced them one by one according to the order of appearance.

14, Shi Manqing

Shi Yannian, the word Manqing, Shi Yannian's name may be relatively unfamiliar to many friends, the "History of the Development of Chinese Literature" by Mr. Liu Dajie, a professor at Fudan University, the "History of Chinese Literature" edited by Mr. You Guoen entrusted by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Higher Education, and the "Literary History of the Song Dynasty" organized and compiled by the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, have no special introduction to Shi Manqing.

From the perspective of literature and calligraphy, it should not be very famous. I've only read two of his poems, and I've never seen his calligraphy works on the Internet, so I think I'm lonely! However, Shi Manqing's name appears in other celebrity works of the same period, such as Ouyang Xiu's "Sacrifice to Shi Manqing", Mei Yaochen's "Hanging Stone Manqing", Cai Xiang's "Crying Shi Manqing" and so on. It can be seen that many literati have befriended him, and Shi Manqing's talent should have been widely known at that time.

The poet Li He wrote a famous sentence like "If the sky is loved, the sky will be old", and many literati and scholars took this as a link to make pairs to see who was right. Shi Manqing is right: If the sky is loved, the sky is old, and the moon is full like a hateless moon. The part of speech is neat, the harmony is peaceful, the artistic conception is perfect, and everyone admires the five-body casting, and they all think that this is absolute. This little story also shows that Shi Manqing is not an idle person.

Shi Manqing is written into the two endowments of good and evil, and I think his attitude towards the imperial examination resonates with the author. He participated in the imperial examination in his early years, was admitted to the Jinshi, and his diploma, work permit, and official uniform were all issued to him. At this time, someone complained that someone cheated in the exam, and the imperial court ordered a new exam.

As a result, Shi Manqing and a few others failed, and the talented people who were waiting for the release of the list were gathering together to drink, and there were officials and officials chasing after them for documents and official uniforms. This is too much of a blow to the readers who have been reading for ten years, some people are stunned, and some people are crying. Shi Manqing was very calm, took off her official boots and official clothes as if nothing happened, put on her underwear after handing it in, sat down barefoot, and continued to talk, laugh and drink. After drinking happily, he also strung together several Tang poems and wrote one:

Year after year, he came and went, making wedding clothes for others.

Look up to the sky and laugh and go out, dancing alone in the spring breeze.

Later, for those who failed the second exam, the imperial court was extra generous and gave them a small official position, but Shi Manqing felt ashamed and was unwilling to take office. At the age of thirty-eight, he went to work only after being strongly persuaded by his friends.

15, Liu Qiqing

He was so famous, I liked a song very much:

Leaning on the dangerous building, the wind is fine, looking at the extreme spring sorrow, and the sky is gloomy.

In the afterglow of the grass-colored smoke, there is no one who will rely on his will.

I plan to get drunk with the madness, and I sing about the wine, and the strong music is tasteless.

The belt gradually widened and did not regret it, and it made people haggard for Yi.

He fuses two emotions into one, there is the despair of wandering alone in a foreign land, and there is the lingering longing for the person in his mind, and the aftertaste is endless after reading.

"Leaning on the dangerous building and the wind is fine", only one word "dangerous", it will pour out the towering of the building and the loneliness of the lyricist in front of the reader, and the word "fine" is written as "wind", which is still and moving, and the picture is smart, which also paves the way for "spring sorrow".

"Looking at the extreme spring sorrow and gloomy sky", from the height of the dangerous building, only to get the end of the world, because of the resentment of the word, can be gloomy. It is spring sorrow that gloomens the sky, and it is spring grass that touches spring sorrow.

"In the afterglow of grass-colored smoke", there is grass between heaven and earth, insignificant. The sunset was passing by in a hurry, lonely. "Speechless, who will rely on the column" alone leans on the danger column and can't bear to leave, "speechless" is not to say, at this time the state of mind does not need outsiders to understand, as long as you understand in the distance.

"I want to get drunk with my madness", Cao Mengde said: "When I sing about wine, my life is geometric", and I am happy in the bitterness of "getting drunk", how do I know how to use wine to eliminate my sorrows, and I am even more sorrowful! The happiness of not being able to reunite is fake, and the good sentence "strong music is tasteless".

For the sake of unswerving feelings, even if you describe it as haggard and skinny, you will never regret it. The passion of "making people haggard for Iraq" echoed and stopped abruptly, is "Yi" emotional?

Liu Yong is much more famous than Shi Yannian, "Wanghai Tide, Southeast Shape Victory", "Yulin Ling, Cold Cicada", "Youth Tour, Chang'an Ancient Road Horse Chichi", "Eight Sounds of Ganzhou, Sprinkled River Sky with Xiaoxiao Twilight Rain", etc., many students can recite it. He is a famous lyricist in the Northern Song Dynasty and a representative of the Wanyue School. The original name was three changes, the word Jingzhuang, and later changed its name to Yong, the word Qiqing. Ranked seventh in the family, the people in the rivers and lakes are known as Liu Qilang. In his later years, he worked as a foreigner in Tuntian, and was called "Liu Tuntian" in officialdom.

Let's call him Liu Sanbian first, in addition to being suave and talented, he was written into the two endowments of good and evil, and also because of the imperial examination.

Liu Sanbian was born in a small village eunuch's family, unlike Zhen Shiyin, who was out of his own family, and Liu Sanbian's family was prosperous. His grandfather served as a county magistrate, equivalent to the current executive deputy county magistrate, gave birth to six sons, and taught them well. Liu Sanbian's father served as a county magistrate, mayor, and vice minister of urban and rural construction and water resources. Liu Sanbian's five uncles were also from the imperial examination.

Eighteen-year-old Liu Sanbian went to Hangzhou from his hometown to study, and the bright lights and drunken urban nightlife made him forget what he was doing. The prosperous land of smoke willows, gentle and wealthy township, is for people with spending power. The young student indulged in the debauched life of listening to songs and laughing, and soon ran out of money.

In the past year, I have sent messages to my father too many times to ask for money, and I can't open my mouth. Liu Sanbian is very smart, he heard in the Fengyue Field that Sun He, the governor of Hangzhou, also likes pop songs, so he wrote "Wanghai Tide Southeast Shape Victory" to try his luck. Sun He praised it, and Liu Sanbian became famous in Hangzhou and found a free canteen.

followed Sun He for a year, Sun He was transferred to the central government as an official, Liu Sanbian left Hangzhou, and wrote lyrics for Qinglou singers in Suzhou and Yangzhou for a living. When Liu Sanbian was twenty-four years old, he came to Kaifeng, Bianliang City was extremely prosperous and surpassed Suzhou and Hangzhou, and Jiangnan talents came, of course, to see if there were people singing their own songs in bars, night clubs, and KTVs.

A kind-hearted girl persuaded him to come back to play after the exam, but Liu San changed his opinion, and boasted that he would be able to go to high school, but his strength slapped him in the face, and Liu San changed his name to Sun Shan. Indignantly, he wrote "Crane Soaring to the Sky: On the Gold List" to vent his complaints and dissatisfaction with the imperial examination. There are two sentences in it, "A talented lyricist, he is a white-clothed prime minister", "I endured the floating name, and changed it to a shallow low singing".

The official uniforms of the officials are silk and colorful, and the common people wear coarse cloth clothes, which are not dyed, and they are white. Liu Sanbian said that a talented person like me, even if I can't pass the civil service examination, I am also a prime minister who does not wear an official uniform, "the prime minister in white". It's not a big deal if I can't pass the exam, it's all a false name, how can I usually drink and sing freely. Liu Sanbian continued to mix in Bianliang City, and continued to write new lyrics for singers for a living, those singers who wanted to become famous quickly sold themselves to make money, competing to support Liu Qilang, eating soft rice to this portion, there is no one before or after.

Liu San changed his mouth and said that he looked down on the imperial examination as an official, but almost everyone in his family had fame, so he took the exam twice, and his eldest brother Liu San was re-examined, he thought that he was more talented than his eldest brother, and he had to continue to work hard. Liu Sanbian took the fourth imperial examination and was admitted. When Jinshi released the list, Song Renzong temporarily canceled Liu Sanbian's test results.

The reason is that the unruly song "Crane Rushing to the Sky, on the Gold List" in the early years was unruly and reached the ears of Song Renzong, Song Renzong also likes music, and he also listens to Liu San's new songs, and knows that Liu Sanchang is good at lyrics. After Song Renzong ascended the throne, he had to select talents, pillars of the country, and he was very dissatisfied with an entertainer like Liu Sanbian. Song Renzong quoted "Endure the floating name and change it to a shallow low singing" and said: "Since you want to 'sing in a low voice', why care about false fame", and canceled Liu Sanbian's test results.

It is said that someone interceded for Liu Sanchang and recommended Liu Sanchang to the young Song Renzong, Song Renzong replied with four words, "Let's fill in the words", and the forty-year-old Liu San became angry and left Bianliang City, said goodbye to his lover, and wrote the famous "Yulin Ling, Cold Cicada Poignant". He went south from the waterway, revisited the south of the Yangtze River, and made a living by filling in words, calling himself "filling in the words of the holy decree and changing the willows".

Five years later, he returned to Kaifeng, Kyoto is still prosperous, but things are not people, Liu San changed his eyes, went to the northwest, passed through Chang'an, and wrote "Youth Tour: Chang'an Ancient Road Horse Delay". Roaming Weinan, he wrote "Eight Sounds of Ganzhou, Sprinkled with Xiaoxiao Twilight Rain".

When Liu Sanbian was fifty years old, the imperial court was kind and relaxed the scale of the imperial examination, and he was afraid that Song Renzong would cause unnecessary trouble when he saw his name, so he changed his name to Liu Yong, the word Qiqing. This time, Liu Yong and his second brother Liu San were on the Jinshi list together, and they were overjoyed in their twilight years.

It is said that Liu Yong finally died in the home of the famous prostitute Zhao Xiangxiang, Liu Yong died without children by his side, and there was no property, in the end, the veteran singer Xie Yuying and Chen Shishi and others pooled some money to bury him, because Liu Yong and Xie Yuying had a period of married life, so Xie Yuying put on heavy filial piety for him. On the day of Liu Yong's funeral, prostitutes all over the city came, and there was a mourning, this is the good story of "a group of prostitutes buried Liu Qi".

After the death of Liu Yong, every Qingming day, the courtesans would meet to worship at Liu Yong's cemetery, and later this custom spread to the whole country, becoming the "rule of conduct" of the Qinglou, and this day also has a resounding name, called "Hanging Willow Seven" or "Hanging Willow Society". During the Yuan Dynasty, there were prostitutes who offered Liu Yong's portrait and called him Zushi.

The master of Chinese painting born of good and evil, Ni Yunlin (Ni Zhan)

[Text: Those who make male and female couples live with this spirit cannot become benevolent gentlemen at the top, and cannot be evil at the bottom. Placed among tens of thousands of people, its smart and handsome spirit is above tens of thousands of people, and its evil and inhumane state is below tens of thousands of people. If you are born in a rich and noble family, you are infatuated, if you are born in a poor family of poetry and books, you are a master of Yishi, even if you are occasionally born in the cold door of Bo Zuo, you can never be a pawn and a servant, and you are willing to be driven and controlled by mediocrity. Such as the previous generations of Xu You, Tao Qian, Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Liu Ling, Wang Xie Er, Gu Hutou, Chen Houzhu, Tang Minghuang, Song Huizong, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Minan Gong, Shi Manqing, Liu Qiqing, Qin Shaoyou, Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, and then Li Guinian, Huang Wan Chuò, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xue Tao, Cui Ying, Chaoyun and others. This is the same place, and so are the people. This "change of place is the same person", that is, in the case of righteousness and evil fighting each other, a type of person born, this kind of person has both righteousness and evil, although their times are different, their experiences are different, and their opportunities are different, but these people's temperament is the same, that is, the two endowments of good and evil.

Jia Yucun also gave a lot of examples of people born of good and evil, and we introduced them one by one according to the order of appearance.

17, Ni Yunlin

He is the same as Qin Guan discussed in the previous episode, he is also a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu, Ni Zhan, the word Taiyu, the number Yun Linzi, a famous painter, poet and calligrapher in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty. Together with Huang Gongwang, Wang Meng, and Wu Zhen, they are called the "Four Yuan Families".

Ni Zan is a rich N generation, the ancestors of the Ni family gradually accumulated wealth in the Song Dynasty, and Ni Zan is the largest landlord in the local area, and the rich party is the first party. Ni Zan has a half-brother named Ni Zhaokui, who was the upper-class figure of Taoism at that time, with many titles, similar to the current Standing Committee of the Provincial Political Consultative Conference, the chairman of the Provincial Taoist Association, and also served as the abbot of the well-known Taoist temple, and was also named "real person" by the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.

The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty had the purpose of consolidating their rule with the help of religion, and the upper echelons of Taoism had a very high status at that time, and in the era when the social status of the Han people, especially the Han people in the south of the Yangtze River was extremely low, Ni Zhan's elder brother did not have to serve labor, did not have to pay taxes, and did not have all kinds of official affairs and entertainment like serious officials, and he did not have to be corrupt and bribe-taking, and there were good men and women who came from thousands of miles to offer sesame oil money.

Ni Zhan's father died early, and his eldest brother Ni Zhaokui raised him, so his life was extremely comfortable and carefree. Ni Zhaokui specially hired a tutor for him, and such a superior living and educational environment has developed Ni Zhan's unusual attitude towards life. He is arrogant and arrogant, does not care about politics, does not care about production, calls himself "lazy", only spends money to enjoy, does not make money, does not want to make money, and is too lazy to make money. Ni Zan has only one principle for making friends, as long as you like poetry and painting and love cleanliness, whether you have money or not, you don't have any money anyway.

Although his family is wealthy, Ni Zan has not been infected with the bad spirit of the gentlemen's habits, and he has a very tight grasp of his own learning and cultivation. There are many books in the house, such as scriptures, histories, children, collections, Buddhism, Taoist scriptures, books and paintings of famous artists. In addition to carefully studying classics at home every day, Ni Zan also practiced calligraphy and copied ancient paintings. On the one hand, he observed nature in detail, and on the other hand, he inherited traditional techniques and absorbed the strengths of each family, which laid a solid foundation for his later innovation in painting.

Ni Yunlin has a serious cleanliness habit. He asked the servant to go to Huishan Mountain, more than ten miles away, to fetch spring water, and when the servant came back, he found that Ni Yunlin was waiting at home, and he only used the bucket of water in front of him to make tea, and the bucket of water behind him was used to wash his feet. Sometimes the weather is cloudy and rainy, the road is muddy, it is not easy to go up the mountain to carry water and walk so far, in order to make tea can be understood, the well water at home can wash the feet, the servant can not understand, is it the boss deliberately corrected me? couldn't help but ask the reason, Ni Zhan's explanation was very simple, he was afraid that the servant would fart on the road, and the bucket behind him could only be used to wash his feet. The servant was angry and laughed when he heard this, who can guarantee that the two buckets of water in front and back have not been reversed for such a long journey? Besides, whether or not that fart can be smoked into the water remains to be studied. This is probably what people often say, "out of sight is pure"!

In ordinary life, the tableware, clothes, furniture, and floors are spotless, and Ni Yunlin's four treasures of the study are also managed by two special servants who can scrub them at any time. Even the sycamore trees in the yard should be washed with water every morning and evening.

One day, a friend came to visit, and it was too late after the banquet, so I stayed. He is afraid that his friends will not pay attention to hygiene, so don't sleep until midnight and pee in the yard when he goes out! In one night, he got up three or four times, and when he saw that his friend was drunk and knew how to go to the toilet, he could finally sleep with peace of mind.

As soon as Ni Zan lay down, he suddenly heard a cough from his friend, and he was so worried that he couldn't sleep all night. After daybreak, his friend also left, and he hurried to ask the servant to find out where his friend's phlegm was. The servant searched every corner and found no trace of phlegm, what kind of temper does the boss know the servant! Afraid of being scolded, I had to find a sycamore leaf that fell on the ground and spit it out by myself. Run to the boss and report it, find it! Ni Zan pursed his lips and glanced at it, then covered his nose in disgust, dodged to the side, and ordered the servant to send it three miles away and throw it away.

Ni Yunlin is not fake clean, he has his own special toilet. Wooden stakes are driven in the ground, the floor and screen are built with fragrant wood on the wooden stakes, and then the roof is made with herbs, and there are small holes in the fragrant wood floor for defecation, and a pit is dug in the ground, and the pit is filled with snow-white goose feathers. He is convenient in the incense toilet, and the excrement falls in the pit, and is immediately covered by light goose feathers, which cannot be smelled or seen, and is more advanced than the current water flushing toilet with incense smoke, it seems that poverty really limits our imagination!

Because of his cleanliness, Ni Zan rarely gets close to women, and pays special attention to hygiene when he is with his wife. But once, he took a fancy to a singer, who was beautiful, and chatted happily about piano, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, hops, tea, Ni Zhan thought about it and took the singer home for the night. Ge Ji took a bath first, and washed for a long time with the help of the servants, and was not allowed to go to bed after washing, Ni Zan touched her head and feet, smelled while touching, and felt that it was not clean enough, so she asked her to wash it again. After washing for a long time, he was not allowed to go to bed, Ni Zan touched and smelled again, and he was not at ease, so he asked the singer to wash it well. Washed and washed, the skin was soaked off, and when it was dawn, Ni Zan slept by himself.

When Ni Zan was about thirty years old, his eldest brother Ni Zhaokui died, and then his mother also died. Ni Zan was sad, and the privileges he enjoyed by relying on his eldest brother's Taoist status were gone, and the Ni family became an ordinary big landlord. He is still unwilling to let go of his elegant figure to manage mundane affairs, let his subordinates operate, make friends by himself, and "play" with one word!

Monks, Taoist priests, poets, and painters all like to make friends with Ni Zhan. As long as you spend money on eating, drinking, and having fun, Ni Gongzi will pay for it. It was also at this time that he met the great painter Huang Gongwang of the same period, who was the master who painted "Fuchun Mountain Residence" and painted very slowly. Huang Gongwang was a celebrity in the emerging Taoist Quanzhen Sect at that time, and spent ten years painting "The Picture Scroll of Rivers and Mountains" for Ni Zhan, which is one of Huang Gongwang's masterpieces of "Shallow Landscapes". To make the famous painter Huang Gongwang, who is much older than him, spend so long painting for him, Ni Zan has invested a lot! He himself followed Huang Gongwang to join the Quanzhen Sect, and after joining the Church, Ni Zhan's idea of escaping from the world and escaping reality developed to a peak, and this thought was also reflected in his paintings, and his works showed the characteristics of desolate and simple, solemn and indifferent. It had a great influence on the later Dong Qichang and Bada Shanren.

When Ni Zhan's eldest son died early, the second son was at odds with him, when he was fifty-two years old, it was the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, and the social reality was similar to the situation encountered by Zhen Shiyin in "A Dream of Red Mansions". Ni Zan has too many problems himself, and his son can't get used to being a loser like him, so he separates from him.

Anyway, he is not good at management, Ni Zan simply sold all his share of the house and land, and then took the old servant and precious classics, calligraphy and paintings to roam the Taihu Lake with the boat as his home. The land was sold, the tax was not paid, maybe Ni Zan didn't know that he had to pay taxes, and he was arrested by the government and imprisoned on the edge of Taihu Lake not long after.

While eating, the jailer shouted as he delivered food to the cell: "It's time to eat!" Ni Zan asked the jailer to raise the bowl to the height of his eyebrows, and the jailer asked him, I'm not your wife, why should I "raise my eyebrows"? Ni Zan said, "I'm afraid that your spit will spray into the rice." The jailer was furious, locked him next to the toilet in his cell, suffered for a few days, and with the help of his friends, asked the officials to pay back taxes, Ni Zan was released.

He continued to live a roaming life, but one day by the Taihu Lake, he met Zhang Shixin. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were several big brothers in the rivers and lakes, Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng were more powerful than Zhu Yuanzhang at the beginning, and Zhang Shixin was Zhang Shicheng's younger brother. When Ni Zan used the suspended bathroom at home, Zhang Shixin sent him a lot of money and sent someone to take a painting silk to ask him to paint. Now that he has no fixed place and is uncertain, he should be unlucky when he meets Zhang Shixin, Zhang Shixin is not polite and beats the old man violently. Ni Zan gritted his teeth and shut up when he was beaten, and he didn't say a word, and someone asked him afterwards if he was afraid that he would be beaten harder after shouting? Ni Zan replied: "As soon as you make a noise, it will be vulgar."

Ni Zan is arrogant and arrogant, does not do mundane affairs, and ignores the laity even if he is beaten. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang won the world, sent many people to Taihu Lake to visit, found Ni Zhan, and wanted to invite him to come out to be an official. He excused himself many times, Zhu Yuanzhang asked again and again, and later he said: "Only the clear water is not stained with dust", and resolutely did not become an official, Zhu Yuanzhang saw that you are clear water, you are clean, I am dust, I am dirty? Moreover, he only used the year of the sexagenary branch to write the poem on the painting, not the year of Hongwu, which offended Zhu Yuanzhang.

There are two versions of the cause of Ni Zhan's death, one says that he suffered from dysentery before his death, and that the old man in his seventies was stinking when he died. Another theory says that he was thrown into a dung pit by Zhu Yuanzhang and drowned.

Ni Zan is the same as Xu You mentioned in the previous episodes, he avoids being an official, and the other celebrities who have been discussed who are born from both good and evil have officialdom experience, or have worked hard to be an official, but Ni Zan is completely disdainful of the career economy, and in this regard, Jia Baoyu is very similar to him.

Ni Zan also left a lot of poems, he lived in a war-torn environment in his later years, wanted to escape from reality, but couldn't get out of reality. I want to stop being lonely and can't integrate into society. He has a poem "Lighting the night wind lantern people sleep alone, and the river rain and cranes depend on each other when they open the window", which is a portrayal of his wandering life. This sentence is also used by the author of "Dream of Red Mansions" in Sister Lin's "Funeral Flower Yin", "The green light shines on the wall and the people fall asleep for the first time, and the cold rain knocks on the window and is not warm." ”

The best friends born of good and evil are Tang Bohu and Zhu Zhishan

[Text: Those who make male and female couples live with this spirit cannot become benevolent gentlemen at the top, and cannot be evil at the bottom. Placed among tens of thousands of people, its smart and handsome spirit is above tens of thousands of people, and its evil and inhumane state is below tens of thousands of people. If you are born in a rich and noble family, you are infatuated, if you are born in a poor family of poetry and books, you are a master of Yishi, even if you are occasionally born in the cold door of Bo Zuo, you can never be a pawn and a servant, and you are willing to be driven and controlled by mediocrity. Such as the previous generations of Xu You, Tao Qian, Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Liu Ling, Wang Xie Er, Gu Hutou, Chen Houzhu, Tang Minghuang, Song Huizong, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Minan Gong, Shi Manqing, Liu Qiqing, Qin Shaoyou, Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, and then Li Guinian, Huang Wan Chuò, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xue Tao, Cui Ying, Chaoyun and others. This is the same place, and so are the people. This "change of place is the same person", that is, in the case of righteousness and evil fighting each other, a type of person born, this kind of person has both righteousness and evil, although their times are different, their experiences are different, and their opportunities are different, but these people's temperament is the same, that is, the two endowments of good and evil.

Jia Yucun also gave a lot of examples of people born of good and evil, and we introduced them one by one according to the order of appearance.

18, Tang Bohu

Tang Yin, the word Bohu, the number six such as the layman, the owner of the peach blossom hermitage, a native of Wu County, Suzhou Prefecture, Nanzhili, a famous painter, calligrapher and poet in the Ming Dynasty.

Feng Menglong wrote "Tang Jieyuan's Smile and Marriage" in "Warning to the World", which was later adapted into "Tang Bohu Dots Autumn Fragrance", many friends were deeply impressed by Tang Yin because of Mr. Stephen Chow, Tang Bohu in reality is not a rich son who married eight cousins and ordered Qiu Xiang. Judging from the portrait, Tang Bohu is definitely not as good-looking as Stephen Chow. Teacher Guo Degang also said that he had seen the portrait of Tang Bohu, and he was a fat man with a full beard, and he was not as good as Mr. Guo himself. In short, Tang Bohu is not handsome at all, let alone a rich second generation!

At most, he was born in a well-off family, and his father Tang Guangde ran a tavern, which was in business and had some savings. The feudal society has a strong concept of hierarchy, "Shi Nong Industry and Commerce", the social status of merchants is not as good as that of handicraftsmen, through reading and studying, merchants can become scholars with relatively high social status. Tang Guangde thought to himself that when I was young, I didn't have the opportunity to study hard, I worked hard in business, I was making money, people came to collect money, and now I have saved some money, so I have to provide for my son to study, and I will also be a civil servant in the future.

Tang Yin is still competitive, at the age of sixteen, he took the first place in the Suzhou government examination, and has the identity of a showman, and Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhengming, and Xu Zhenqing are called "Wuzhong Four Talents", and in the movie, they are called "Jiangnan Four Talents". Tang Yin got married at the age of eighteen, and as a scholar, "self-cultivation and family" have been completed, and he is waiting for "governing the country and leveling the world".

Who knew that as soon as Tang Bohu was twenty-four years old, he ushered in the first mutation in his life. This year, his father died, and soon his mother also left, but the Grim Reaper did not leave, and then Tang Yin's sister died of illness, which was really worse day by day. In the end, his wife had a difficult birth and took the child in her womb with her. Tang Bohu has been holding funerals for more than a year, until only he and his younger brother Tang Shen are left at home, in a line in the movie, who dares to be worse than him! But the tragedy is yet to come.

Relatives died one after another, life was lonely, family declined, under the persuasion of his friend Zhu Zhishan, Tang Bohu devoted himself to studying and preparing for scientific examinations during his filial piety. After the expiration of the filial piety period, he remarried his wife, and seeing that the township test was about to be held, Tang Bohu had an accident again. There is also a qualification examination before the township examination, and only those who pass can take the township examination once every three years. Tang Yin drank and prostituted with his friends during the qualification examination and was denounced, and Tang Yin's qualification for the township examination was cancelled.

Later, because the prefect of Suzhou cherished talents, Wen Lin, the father of Wen Zhengming, a famous man in Suzhou and Tang Bohu's friend Wen Zhengming, interceded for Tang Yin, and he had the opportunity to participate in the township examination. Twenty-eight-year-old Tang Yin took the first place in the Tianfu Township Examination, "Xie Yuan". Ying Tianfu governs Nanzhili, which is equivalent to the first place in the college entrance examination in Jiangsu, Anhui, and Shanghai, two provinces and one city. The ups and downs of life come too fast, it's really a spring breeze blowing and giving birth!

Tang Xie Yuan intensified his lingering and indulging in life, his wife persuaded him, but he didn't listen, and his wife was afraid that he would become a big official in the future, and the three wives and four concubines didn't want themselves, after all, it would take a lifetime to have a good material life, so he swallowed his anger and didn't dare to persuade again. His friend really couldn't stand it, and he also came to persuade him, Zhu Zhishan said to Tang Yin, don't be too arrogant for a while. Wen Zhengming also persuaded him, not only did he not appreciate it, but also broke off his friendship with Wen Zhengming.

Tang Xie Yuan was proud of the horseshoe disease, entered Beijing to participate in the examination, walked north from Suzhou, passed through Wuxi, and arrived in Jiangyin. There is a person I know in the township examination room who invited him to eat, drink and have fun, that person is called Xu Jing, he praised Tang Bohu Wen**hua, he understood the yuan in the township examination, and he must be in the middle of the examination, and he must go with Tang Bohu.

Of course Tang Bohu is happy! Xu Jing is almost from the same background as Ni Zan just said, and he is also a rich N generation, and there is a "Wanjuan Building" at home, all kinds of classics and famous masterpieces, the Xu family is not only rich and powerful in Jiangyin, but also has many relatives and friends in the capital.

Nowadays, students who study in prestigious schools are not only conducive to learning skills, but also may come into contact with people with better conditions than themselves, and get help from classmates in the process of work and life in the future. Of course, Tang Bohu understands this, but good is harmful, and he ushered in the second mutation of his life.

As soon as the two entered the capital, in addition to spending all day and drinking, the rest of the time, Xu Jing took Tang Bohu to visit celebrities, officials and invigilators. At the end of the examination, it was rumored in the entire capital that "Xu Jing, a wealthy man in Jiangyin, spent money to buy the exam questions", and even the entire Shuntian Mansion was known to everyone.

The imperial court ordered a strict investigation, and Tang Yin followed Xu Jing into prison. After checking and checking, in the end, Li Dongyang, a university scholar, conducted a retrial, but the evidence was insufficient, and the person was released from prison. Because Tang Yin and Xu Jingxiang won the test, this time they were demoted to small officials, don't think about being officials, and the two of them will be banned from the exam for life!

Xu Jing went home to study behind closed doors, and after the death of Ming Xiaozong, Xu Jing looked forward to the amnesty of the new Son of Heaven and hoped to participate in the imperial examination again. He said that when he recently read the "Historical Records", he found that Sima Qian was too great, and he also wanted to learn from Sima Qian to visit all parts of the country, and then go home to write books and speak. went north to Shuntianfu, in fact, he wanted to find out if he could still participate in the imperial examination. As a result, he was hateful and sick, and died in the capital at the age of thirty-five. His descendant Xu Xiake is really a super travel friend, with footprints in 21 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions today, and the opening day of "Xu Xiake's Travels" (May 19) is designated as China Tourism Day.

Let Tang Yin be a small official, he was deeply ashamed and resolutely refused to do it, and also went back to his hometown in Suzhou, his wife broke out, Tang Bohu looked at it, didn't let me go to bed, and wanted to make a move first, before being dumped, he dumped his wife first and divorced his wife. The first place in two provinces and one city was banned from the exam for life, and his wife also ran away, Tang Yin couldn't stand the neighbors' pointing and making irresponsible remarks, so he traveled to Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Zhejiang.

Two years later, when he returned home with his sick body, his younger brother Tang applied to come to the doctor and treated him for more than half a year, before his condition improved, and he went to eat, drink and have fun again. There is no filial son in front of the bed for a long time, not to mention the younger brother, who is in better health, he doesn't know how to cherish it, in case he falls ill again, the younger brother will inevitably laugh at outsiders regardless of whether he asks, so the brothers split up and went their own way.

Tang Yin also let go of his pitiful self-esteem, sold calligraphy and paintings in Suzhou, and indulged in wine when he had money. He found that the money came too slowly for normal painting, and there were not so many elegant people who appreciated the spring and white snow. Liu Bei and Uncle Liu Huang can be considered, but there are not many literate people, and there are many who write yellow books. Thinking about it, it is better to draw a small yellow painting, as soon as the male and female nudes are drawn, they can be understood by literacy or non-literacy. In today's parlance, this is called in-depth analysis of target customers and accurate market positioning. During this period, Tang Bohu's Spring Palace Diagram quickly occupied the market, and its performance was eye-catching, and if it was listed, it would be at least a week's limit.

In the twenty-sixth episode of "Dream of Red Mansions", Xue Pan said: "When you mention the painting, I just remember." Yesterday I saw a spring palace from other people, and the painting was really good. There are many words on it, and I didn't look closely, (I look at it in vain, not a few literate!) Only look at the falling paragraph, is 'Geng Huang' painting. It's really good! Baoyu said: "I have seen some ancient and modern calligraphy and paintings, where is there a 'Genghuang'?" After thinking about it for a long time, I didn't feel that I was about to laugh, and ordered someone to take the pen, wrote two words in the palm of my hand, and asked Xue Pandao: "Do you really think it's 'Genghuang'?" Xue Pan said: "How can you see it untrue!" Baoyu threw his hand away and looked at him: "Don't be these two words?" When everyone looked at it, it turned out to be "Tang Yin".

Xue Pan doesn't know a few big characters, but he admires Tang Bohu's Spring Palace diagram, and Xue Pan's should be included in the management of key customers. It is said that Tang Yin's figure paintings have superb realistic skills, accurate images, and realistic charm, especially when painting women. You must know that Tang Bohu has many customers, a large market, and a lot of paintings! Nude painting, adding clothes is a lady picture, what lines are smooth, graceful body, it is really practiced by practice.

Most of the women wearing clothes in Tang Bohu's pen are lonely, the more famous Shanghai Museum's "Autumn Wind Fan Picture", on the stone side of Taihu Lake, there is a woman, holding a fan, with a good appearance, but there is a poignant feeling. Back then, Ban Jieyu was the most favored beauty of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Feiyan came to the palace, and Ban Jieyu was snubbed, just like a fan that was no longer used in autumn was forgotten by the emperor in the corner.

Tang Yin knew that most of his customers were accustomed to seeing the little yellow picture, and he couldn't understand it if he was elegant, so he inscribed a poem in the upper left corner of the painting: "Autumn comes to the fan collection, what is the beauty of the heavy sentimentality." Please look at the world in detail, most of them do not chase the heat and cold." Later, it was also used by Nalan Xingde as: "If life is only as first seen, what is the autumn wind and sad fan." ”

Tang Bohu, using the relationship between the autumn wind and the fan, sighed at the hot and cold world. And the fan that was put aside after the autumn breeze was also his own fate, a person who was abandoned by the imperial examination system, a person who painted small yellow pictures for a living, was originally spurned by the mainstream literati. And his group of customers, except for a big fool like Xue Pan, the dumb overlord, dare to say anything, most of them still buy quietly, after all, they can't get on the table, they like Tang Bohu's hobby of Spring Palace, and once they admit it publicly, they will be degraded. Teacher Guo Degang said that he sometimes watches kung fu movies in bed with a critical eye, which just amuses everyone.

The Palace Museum's collection of "Four Beauties" is also one of Tang Yin's masterpieces, depicting four beauties wearing Taoist robes and exquisite makeup, the four of them are not lonely together at first glance, but Tang Yin did not use any plants, rocks, buildings, and furniture to decorate, and also inscribed a poem in the upper right corner of the painting: "Lotus crown Taoist clothes, the Japanese king banquet crape myrtle." The flowers and willows do not know that people have gone, and they fight for green and scarlet every year. ”

It is said that there are many concubines and concubines of Wang Yan, the former lord of Shu, and where to spend the night every day is decided by flipping the brand, and he thinks that no matter how beautiful a woman is dressed up, she is still a layman, and she wants to wear a gorgeous Taoist robe, so that she looks like a cultivator, charming and moving, in current words, Wang Yan is a "uniform control", when the country was destroyed, he was still holding a beautiful Taoist priest to drink.

The four women in "Four Beauties", bathing and dressing, wearing lotus crowns, wearing fairy clothes, waiting for the king to turn over to his brand, the king has already had fun with other beauties in the Ziwei Palace, they don't know that every evening, they still gather together in groups of three or five, competing for beauty.

Tang Bohu thinks that he still has a chance for this lonely fan after the autumn wind, because summer will come again, and he is also waiting, but summer is too slow, "the flowers and willows don't know that people have gone, and they fight for green and scarlet every year", he feels sad and ridiculous for his stupid waiting. He built a peach blossom nunnery on the outskirts of Suzhou, while waiting, while comforting himself, the song "Peach Blossom Nunnery Song" is Tang Bohu's monologue indifferent to fame and fortune and longing for success:

Peach blossom nunnery in Peach Blossom Dock, peach blossom fairy under Peach Blossom Nunnery.

The peach blossom fairy planted peach trees and picked peach blossoms for wine money.

When you wake up, you only sit in front of the flowers, and when you are drunk, you come to sleep with the flowers.

Half-drunk and half-awake day after day, the flowers fall and bloom year after year.

I hope that the old man will die in the wine room, and he will not bow in front of the carriage and horse.

The car dust and horses are full of fun for the rich, and the wine cup is rich in flowers.

If you compare the rich with the poor, one on the flat earth and the other in the sky.

If the poor are compared to chariots and horses, he has to drive me to be idle.

Others laugh at me for being crazy, and I laugh at others for not being able to see through it.

I don't see the tomb of Wuling heroes, and there are no flowers and no wine hoeing fields.

The emperor changed two or three, but there was no chance to be serious, and Tang Bohu waited for the third mutation in his life. He was favored by the emperor's uncle, King Ning, and hired as a staff member, this time with the help of nobles, he must seize the opportunity to turn over. Forty-four-year-old Tang Bohu suddenly became much younger, chatted with neighbors and friends, gave away things that he didn't need at home, and went to Nanchangning Wangfu to report in a beautiful manner. King Ning recruited a lot of people this time, Tang Bohu inquired with a few customers who had bought his small yellow paintings, and it turned out that King Ning was going to rebel.

Tang Bohu is not stupid, he will not do anything that will definitely die, and asked King Ning for sick leave, King Ning said that he was not sick and did not allow him to leave Nanchang for half a step. Tang Bohu also understood that he knew too many things, and it was a blessing that King Ning didn't kill him, it was easy to get on a thief ship and get off a thief ship, how could he let him out and talk nonsense? He went crazy, talked nonsense, beat himself, ate and drank urine, ran naked in the palace, chased women on the street naked, and King Ning saw that Tang Bohu was really sick, so he let him go.

saved his life, the little money he saved from selling Xiaohuang paintings was gone, and his reputation was even more stinky, so he returned to Peach Blossom Nunnery in disgrace. Tang Bohu thought about it, and when he was old, he had to redeem the dignity of a literati and play elegant. He took refuge in Buddhism, called himself "Liuru Jushi", rebuilt the Taohuawu with the help of Zhuzhishan, and said that he would not draw a picture of the Spring Palace when he starved to death, and also wrote "The Poor Man's Yin" to encourage himself, "I believe that I am innocent, and no one comes to buy fan poems." Qingshan's white-haired old man is stubborn, and his pen and inkstone career is hard. The people in the paddy fields on the lake don't want it, who will buy my painting Zhongshan", the elegant one can't be sold, there is no money, and he is so poor that he hasn't cooked for three days, but he smiled in this poem and said: "The baby is not hungry!" ”

gritted his teeth and persisted for a year, under the recommendation of Zhu Zhishan and others, Tang Bohu was favored by his parents in his hometown, and he followed the two governors of the county before and after until he died of illness, during which he painted a lot of landscape paintings, which were collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei, the Palace Museum in Beijing, the Shanghai Museum, and the Nanjing Museum.

"Spring Mountain Companion" is one of Tang Bohu's masterpieces of this period, on a large stone, two villains sit cross-legged, one facing the front, the other with his back to the audience. The soil slopes and rocks, the dead wood and stumps surround the outer circle of the villain, and there are old trees and new shoots around the characters, full of spring warmth. The middle part is covered by a winding fence, and there is a small waterfall on the far right, which joins the stream. In the foreground, a large cascading mountain covers a small peak, with a majestic mountain in the front, a steep mountain in the back, and a looming mountain in the distance. The brushwork is clean and neat, the landscape is grand, the characters are small, "parasitic mayflies in the heaven and earth, a drop in the sea", there are too many people who have gone through the wind and waves, and they have to nest in a small corner to remember after success and failure.

19, Zhuzhishan

It is a fellow villager of Tang Bohu, called Zhu Yunming, looks peculiar, he laughs at himself for being ugly, and has six fingers on his right hand, so he is called Zhishan, and is a famous calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty.

In Stephen Chow's version of "Tang Bohu Dots Autumn Fragrance", Mr. Chen Baixiang made a deep impression on the audience, and Zhu Zhishan played by him also painted "Chickens Eat Rice". It is true that no paintings have been handed down in the real Zhu Zhishan, but Zhu Zhishan has made many achievements in literature and calligraphy. In order to highlight Tang Bohu's image of a romantic and talented man, Zhu Zhishan became the "best friend".

In actual life, Zhu Zhishan is the eldest brother of the "Four Talents of Wuzhong", he is nine years older than Tang Bohu and Wen Zhengming, and nineteen years older than Xu Zhenqing. Among the four, Xu Zhenqing was the youngest, who was admitted to the Jinshi in his early years, moved to Shuntianfu, and died early, and the relationship was average. There are three people left, Wen Zhengming is honest, Tang Bohu and Zhu Zhishan are open-minded and willful, and they are the best.

Tang Bohu was 12 years old and already famous in his hometown, Zhu Zhishan took the initiative to visit, gave poems to each other, and began to establish friendship. He accompanied Tang Bohu all his life, and in all kinds of changes, he has always been considerate and respected by Tang Bohu, and now there is a sentence of "domestic bosom friend Zhu Yunming" in the Tang Yin Memorial Hall in Suzhou.

Zhu Yunming is also a person with a bad fate, he won Xiucai at the age of nineteen, participated in five township examinations, took fifteen years before he was promoted, and failed to pass six times in the entrance examination. He saw that his son Zhu Xu had been admitted to the Jinshi, so he took the examination for the seventh time, but he had not yet been admitted. He gave up the idea of the imperial examination and elected officials as a lifter. In the ninth year of Zhengde (1514), he became the magistrate of Xingning County, Guangdong, and in the second year, Tang Bohu returned to his hometown from Nanchang Ning Palace, and he also funded to help Tang Bohu repair the house and introduce work to Tang Bohu. In the first year of Jiajing (1522), Zhu Zhishan was promoted to the general judgment of Tianfu, and soon returned to his hometown after illness.

Zhu Zhishan did not go well in the imperial examination, indulged in dissoluteness, and Tang Bohu also accompanied him. It was once recorded that the two dressed up as beggars and sang in the rain, and when they got a reward, they got drunk in the green building. There is also a record that in the summer of a certain year, Tang Bohu visited Zhu Zhishan and saw Zhu Zhishan drunk, naked and splashing ink and writing big characters, perhaps imitating Liu Ling we talked about in previous episodes, heaven and earth are his home, and the house is underwear, Tang Bohu came to his underwear.

Zhu Zhishan wrote countless epitaphs for others in his life, and wrote the most attentive for his sworn friend Tang Bohu, which is an important basis for scholars to study Tang Bohu's life. In the fourth year of Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty (1525), Zhu Zhishan was 65 years old, retired for more than two years, saw a doctor and took medicine, and lived in poverty. He was naturally arrogant and unwilling to accept alms, so Wen Zhengming's son had no choice but to set up high-quality paper and ink in the study and invited Zhu Zhishan to leave calligraphy. Zhu Zhishan was full of wine and food, and wrote "Nineteen Ancient Poems" on the line, which was wonderful, and Wen Zhengming's son successfully gave him an objective amount of "pen money".

Li Guinian, Huang Wan, and Jing Xinmo, who were born of both good and evil

[Text: Those who make male and female couples live with this spirit cannot become benevolent gentlemen at the top, and cannot be evil at the bottom. Placed among tens of thousands of people, its smart and handsome spirit is above tens of thousands of people, and its evil and inhumane state is below tens of thousands of people. If you are born in a rich and noble family, you are infatuated, if you are born in a poor family of poetry and books, you are a master of Yishi, even if you are occasionally born in the cold door of Bo Zuo, you can never be a pawn and a servant, and you are willing to be driven and controlled by mediocrity. Such as the previous generations of Xu You, Tao Qian, Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Liu Ling, Wang Xie Er, Gu Hutou, Chen Houzhu, Tang Minghuang, Song Huizong, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Minan Gong, Shi Manqing, Liu Qiqing, Qin Shaoyou, Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, and then Li Guinian, Huang Wan Chuò, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xue Tao, Cui Ying, Chaoyun and others. This is the same place, and so are the people. This "change of place is the same person", that is, in the case of righteousness and evil fighting each other, a type of person born, this kind of person has both righteousness and evil, although their times are different, their experiences are different, and their opportunities are different, but these people's temperament is the same, that is, the two endowments of good and evil.

Jia Yucun also gave a lot of examples of people born of good and evil, and we introduced them one by one according to the order of appearance.

20, the Year of the Turtle

Most of the nineteen celebrities who were born from good and evil introduced earlier can write and draw, they express their emotions and lead the trend mainly by the pen, and there are also a few who love to sing, and they write new songs and sing them themselves, but they are not professional. Li Guinian was a professional musician in the early years of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, and later became so famous that he almost became the personal music consultant of Emperor Tang Ming.

Li Guinian sang well, was recognized as the first in the country at that time, he was also good at composing, arranging, and proficient in musical instruments such as baskets, drums, and pipa. When Li Guinian rested and came out of the palace, he would be invited by the ministers to perform, and he was tired of singing in the palace and his voice was uncomfortable, so he went the same. He is not afraid of offending the powerful, he just doesn't want to snub the enthusiasm of the fans, and he plays an instrument if he can't sing.

Li Guinian's status in the musical instrument performance world is like that of several current folk music performance masters, Chen Jun who plays the erhu, Fang Jinlong who plays the pipa, and Liu Ying who plays suona. Speaking of this, I suddenly thought that in three or four hundred years, maybe the audience will still be able to see this video of me, and maybe they will find audio and video recordings of several masters playing. But Li Guinian only left the lyrics he sang, which are now called Tang poems.

Li Guinian was extremely favored, and the mansion he built in Luoyang on the orders of the emperor exceeded the scale of ordinary princes and nobles. As long as Li Guinian is at home, his family is full of friends and lively, and Li Guinian not only makes friends with rich and powerful, there are indeed many dignitaries and dignitaries who come to visit, there are also down-and-out poets, folk singers, and dancers who write lyrics.

In addition to accompanying Emperor Tang Ming and Yang Guifei in the palace, Li Guinian most often went to the house of Emperor Tang Ming's younger brother Qi Wang. Wang Wei, who is omnipotent in piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, is a great talent, in the nineteenth year of Kaiyuan, he won the top prize, visited celebrities in Luoyang, and also went to Qiwangfu to walk around. Li Guinian was invited to perform in the Qiwang Mansion at that time, and Wang Wei, who was playing music, was shocked, so he wrote a lyric for Li Guinian to sing, "The rain in Weicheng is light and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow-colored." persuade the gentleman to drink a glass of wine, and there is no one in Yangguan in the west".

Wang Wei cried when he heard it, and this song became popular all over the country. At station B, listening to the command of Tomomi Nishimoto, Koji Yuzhi sang "Autumn Mood", and netizens all posted a barrage saying "cry first for respect", singing affectionately and touching the soul. Wang Wei wrote a few lyrics specifically for Li Guinian, which have been handed down such as "Jiangshang Presents Li Guinian", which was later renamed "Acacia". "Red beans are born in the south, and a few branches are sent in spring. May you pick more, this thing is the most lovely. "After the Anshi Rebellion, Li Guinian, who had gray temples, lived in the south of the Yangtze River, and sang this song "Acacia", your uncle is your uncle, and after singing, he cried a lot.

Li Guinian finally died in Jiangnan, before he died, Du Fu also lived in Jiangnan, the two met with emotion, Du Fu wrote a poem "Jiangnan in the Year of Li Guinian", "It is common to see it in King Qi's house, and Cui Jiutang has heard it a few times before." It is a good scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and the season of falling flowers is a good time." Wandering in troubled times, a sad word in the whole poem is useless, only the four words "falling flowers", if you lift weight, the memories are endless, and the emotion is infinite.

21, Huang Wan

After talking about the singer, I want to introduce the comedian Huang Wanyu, who has been in the palace for more than 30 years and specially performed the "military drama" for Emperor Tang Ming. "Joining the army" is an official position, in the past, there were officials who served in the army for corruption, and when they were accused, the emperor asked the actor to wear an official uniform, play the role of joining the army, and then let another actor play tricks on this corrupt official, which is called "joining the army play". It is a comedy performed by two people, similar to the cross talk now, teasing and teasing, Mr. Guo likes to say, Mr. Donkey has three hobbies, smoking, drinking, and perming his head, and Mr. Donkey is married to a young lady from a rich and noble family.

Before the Sui and Tang dynasties, there was a "military drama", and in the late Tang Dynasty, the military drama developed into a multi-person performance, and the plot of the drama was also more complex, mainly comedy, and there were also dramas and tragedies, in addition to male characters, there were also female characters. It had a direct impact on the formation of Song and Jin miscellaneous operas, and the Yuan and Ming miscellaneous operas also influenced the formation of Peking Opera, Yue Opera and Henan Opera.

Although Huang Wanqiu is a play, he likes to joke and advise the emperor, and there are many records in the wild history. Once, Huang Wanqiu played the role of joining the army, and after the performance, Emperor Tang Minghuang had not finished his fun, so he ordered someone to throw Huang Wanqiu into the pool. Huang Wan sinks and floats in the water, making Emperor Tang Ming and Yang Guifei laugh. After a while, the yellow banner climbed ashore like a chicken in soup. Emperor Tang Ming teased him at this time: "You just went to the Dragon King Palace, aren't you very happy, what new things you saw?" ”

Huang Manqiu thought that this was a good opportunity to advise the emperor, and said solemnly: "I have indeed seen something new in the water. I met Qu Yuan during the Warring States period and chatted with me a few words! When Tang Minghuang heard this, he became even more energetic and asked, "What did he say to you?" Huang Wanqiu smiled and said, "Qu Yuan told me that he ran into a faint monarch like King Chu Huai who did not listen to his advice, so he committed suicide by jumping into the river. Now that you are by the side of the Wise Lord, how did you end up like this? Huang Wanqiu's words satirized Emperor Tang Minghuang for making such nonsense, and he was about to become a faint king. said that Tang Minghuang couldn't cry or laugh, and he really relented in the future.

In the later part of the reign of Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty, he was indulged in polo all day long. There are already a lot of good horses in the palace, and they are trying to find ways to collect thousands of horses. Once, he asked Huang Wanqiu: "I want a thousand miles of horses, where can I find Bole, who is proficient in the Book of Horses, to help me choose a horse?" Huang Wanqiu said seriously: "The three prime ministers of the court and China today are all Bole who are proficient in the "Book of Horses". ”

Emperor Tang Ming said strangely: "I discuss national affairs with them every day, I only know that they are proficient in political affairs, and other knowledge also has their own strengths, some are good at writing, some are good at calligraphy, and some love to paint, but I have never heard that any of them can meet each other." Huang Wan smiled and said, "The horses ridden by the prime ministers who play polo with His Majesty are all BMWs, so they are all Soma experts." Huang Wanqiu sarcastically ridiculed the Tang Ming Emperor and his ministers that they should think more about national affairs and should not indulge in polo fields all day long. This made Emperor Tang Ming no longer mention the matter of horses.

Huang Wanqiu is an artist, and when the emperor is happy, he can persuade a few words, and there are many persuasions, and Emperor Tang Ming has a good idea, so it is inevitable that he will lose his temper with him. Once, when I wanted to hold a concert in the palace, I asked the eunuch to summon Huang Wanqiu, but Huang Wanqiu didn't arrive in time because of something. The emperor was furious, and sent people everywhere to look for him several times, and when Huang Wan entered the palace, he heard Emperor Tang Ming beating drums in the palace.

From the sound of the drums, Huang Wanqiu knew that the emperor was furious, and he was really a companion to the king! He begged the eunuch not to report his entry into the palace immediately. After a while, the drum beat was much slower, but still murderous. In the sound of drums, the emperor asked with a straight face, "Is Huang Wan here yet?" The yellow banner waved his hand again and again, and motioned to the people in the temple, telling them not to speak. It wasn't until the end of the song and a new drum song was played that the drum beat a few times, and Huang Wanqiu immediately entered the temple to pay respects.

Tang Minghuang asked, "What did you do just now?" Huang replied, "A relative of the family has come to see me, and I have sent him to the suburbs to ask the saint for forgiveness." At this time, the emperor's anger had subsided, and he was beating a drum and nodding his head at the same time. The eunuch revealed that Huang Wanqiu was waiting outside the palace gate as early as possible, and Emperor Tang Ming asked why Huang Wanqiu had come a long time ago and did not enter the palace? Huang explained that he could hear the joy and anger in the music, so he waited for the saint's anger to subside. Emperor Tang Ming said sternly: "My heart, how can I let you, a good slave, know the truth." "I didn't blame Huang Wanyu too much.

According to one theory, Huang Wanqiu was forced to perform for An Lushan in the Anshi Rebellion, and was guilty and killed after quelling the rebellion, and the other theory is that Huang Wanqiu fled south, and like Li Guinian, he died in Jiangnan.

22. Respect the new grind

Jing Xinmo is a court drama in the Five Dynasties period, the Later Tang Dynasty, and also performs dramas. Emperor Tang Zhuangzong of the Later Tang Dynasty, like Emperor Tang Ming, was a ticket holder, singing and dancing, and sometimes appeared on the stage to perform with Youling. Once, when Tang Zhuangzong was performing, he shouted loudly, "Li Tianxia, where is Li Tianxia?" Li Tianxia is the stage name he gave himself, he called himself himself, which had a dramatic effect, but no one dared to answer such a shout.

Jing Xinmo ran up to him and slapped him, of course, gently. The emperor's face changed greatly, and the guards and other actors held Jing Xinmo down, and Jing Xinmo said, "The only one who governs the world is you, the emperor, who else do you want to shout?" At that time, the country was divided, and Tang Zhuangzong also wanted to govern the world, and his stage name was Li Tianxia, which was interpreted by Jing Xinmo as governing the world, and the emperor was angry and laughed, not only did not cure his crimes, but gave him a very rich reward.

After the Tang Dynasty Zhuangzong likes to hunt, every time he tramples on the crops, and once again the emperor goes out of the city to hunt, Zhongmu County Commander stepped forward to advise the emperor, saying that the common people farm the land and pay the grain, the emperor's ministers have food and drink, and the soldiers have military food, they can open up the territory and expand the territory, defend the country, treat the people well, and not destroy the crops. Tang Zhuangzong was on the rise, and immediately became furious, and before he could finish speaking, he ordered someone to pull down the county order and cut off his head.

At this time, Jing Xinmo jumped out and sang to the Zhongmu County Order, performing a theatrical performance, and the lyrics said to the effect: "You are the county commander appointed by the emperor, don't you know that the emperor likes to hunt?" Why should the peasants be indulged in this kind of crop and pay any taxes to the imperial court? You should let the peasants in the county starve, vacate the land, and let the emperor gallop and fly freely, you really deserve death! He sang a sentence, and the other actors sang a chorus. Tang Zhuangzong laughed and released the Zhongmu County Order.

The emperor looked back and thought about it, this Jing Xinmo saved the county officials and peasants, and he was mediocre and tyrannical, but Jing Xinmo had a good reputation. Soon, someone accused Shinma of accepting bribes, and the emperor was very angry, and since then Shinma has mysteriously disappeared from history. Ouyang Xiu commented that only Jing Xinmo had no bad comments among the excellent people in the court at that time, and Ouyang Xiu was very close to the era of Jing Xinmo's life

Xue Tao, a famous prostitute in Chengdu, and Wang Chaoyun, a concubine of Su Shi, who were born of both good and evil

[Text: Those who make male and female couples live with this spirit cannot become benevolent gentlemen at the top, and cannot be evil at the bottom. Placed among tens of thousands of people, its smart and handsome spirit is above tens of thousands of people, and its evil and inhumane state is below tens of thousands of people. If you are born in a rich and noble family, you are infatuated, if you are born in a poor family of poetry and books, you are a master of Yishi, even if you are occasionally born in the cold door of Bo Zuo, you can never be a pawn and a servant, and you are willing to be driven and controlled by mediocrity. Such as the previous generations of Xu You, Tao Qian, Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Liu Ling, Wang Xie Er, Gu Hutou, Chen Houzhu, Tang Minghuang, Song Huizong, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Minan Gong, Shi Manqing, Liu Qiqing, Qin Shaoyou, Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, and then Li Guinian, Huang Wan Chuò, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xue Tao, Cui Ying, Chaoyun and others. This is the same place, and so are the people. This "change of place is the same person", that is, in the case of righteousness and evil fighting each other, a type of person born, this kind of person has both righteousness and evil, although their times are different, their experiences are different, and their opportunities are different, but these people's temperament is the same, that is, the two endowments of good and evil.

Jia Yucun gave a lot of examples of people born of good and evil, because Zhuo Wenjun said in the sixth episode, and the Red Whisk Girl we mentioned in the eleventh episode. Cui Ying is the main character in "The Legend of Yingying" and "The Legend of the West Chamber", she has a close relationship with Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, and she will discuss it in the relevant review. This article only introduces Xue Tao and Chaoyun, who are born of the remaining good and evil endowments.

25, Xue Tao

Xue Tao's father was an official in Chang'an, and he regarded his only daughter as a pearl in his palm, and taught her to read and write poetry from an early age. He was an upright person, offended the powerful people of the dynasty and was relegated to Sichuan, and the family trekked through mountains and rivers from the bustling capital to distant Chengdu. Within a few years, he was killed.

Xue Tao was only 14 years old, and the mother and daughter were in financial difficulties. The little savings left by Xue Tao's father were quickly spent, and as a last resort, at the age of sixteen, with his appearance and talent, Xue Tao became a camp prostitute.

Fighting a war is a desperate thing, you can't take your wife to the battlefield, and it is inevitable that there will be depressed emotions in the military camp life in peacetime, so there were camp prostitutes a long time ago, and camp prostitutes were used by the rulers to envelop senior generals, and at the same time were used by senior generals to envelop subordinates, and they could also be used to reward meritorious soldiers. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the establishment of camp prostitutes was established as a system, and it was used in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Tang and Song dynasties. On the basis of prostitution, official prostitutes developed, and in some periods official prostitutes were an important source of state tax revenue. Tang and Song Dynasty officialdom banquets, there were official prostitutes waiting, the Ming Dynasty was subordinate to the Department of Teaching Fang, no longer waiting for officials, the Qing Dynasty abolished this system in the early days.

Officials and prostitutes were originally two kinds of people with a huge disparity in social status, but historically, these two kinds of people were very closely related. The imperial court set up camp prostitutes and official prostitutes, some of whom asked the criminals to raid their homes and then their daughters became prostitutes, some orphans were trained to become prostitutes from an early age, and some of the daughters of camp prostitutes continued to be camp prostitutes. These women have good looks and good figures, and in order to meet the needs of civil officials, they must learn poetry, calligraphy, piano and painting. There are many dynasties that clearly stipulate that court officials cannot enter the private green building, but can only recruit official prostitutes, and Su Dongpo and others often go in and out of official prostitute places. After the "Wutai Poetry Case", Su Dongpo was arrested, and an official prostitute ran around for him.

Xue Tao is not only beautiful, but also talented, rhetorical and insightful, all of which are her strengths, and she has the experience of living in the capital. Now, in the Chengdu casino, she was quickly favored by the high-ranking officials released by the central government, which made her have dealings with many celebrities at that time, Bai Juyi, Zhang Ji, Liu Yuxi, Du Mu and other literary leaders have experienced Xue Tao's demeanor.

Xue Tao's talent is comparable to Cai Wenji, and his personality is more like Zhuo Wenjun. "Dream of Red Mansions" is about love, and I will also talk about Xue Tao's sister and brother love.

In March of the fourth year of Yuanhe (809), Yuan Zhen, a literati who was in the middle of the day at that time, was ordered to work in Sichuan as a supervisor of the imperial history. We mentioned Yuan Zhi in the sixth episode, that is, Yuan Zhi who wrote for his wife that "the sea was once difficult to water, except that Wushan is not a cloud", and he also created the legendary novel "The Legend of Yingying". In the Jin Dynasty, "The Legend of Yingying" was adapted into the drama "The Legend of the Palaces and the West Chamber", and Wang Shifu of the Yuan Dynasty was adapted into "The Story of Cui Yingying Waiting for the Moon in the West Chamber".

Yuan Zhi heard Xue Tao's name for a long time, and when he left the capital, he wrote a letter to ask Xue Tao to meet, just arrived in Sichuan, Xue Tao was waiting there, and as soon as he met Yuan Zhen, Xue Tao was attracted by Yuan Zhen's handsome appearance and excellent literary talent. The 31-year-old Yuan Zhi brought unprecedented shock and passion, and the 41-year-old Xue Tao decided that this man was the person she dreamed of, so she did not hesitate to offend the senior officials, pushed away all entertainment, and threw herself into the arms of Yuan Zhi every day.

From meeting to Yuan Zhen's transfer out of Sichuan and returning to Luoyang to take up his post, they spent up to three months together. This netizen meeting changed the second half of Xue Tao's life, belated love, and made Xue Tao feel happiness that he had never had. During that time, the two of them lingered in the sunset, holding hands by the river, which was the happiest time in Xue Tao's life.

went to Luoyang, although there was a Hongyan to pass on the book, Yuan Zhen never came back, Xue Tao can understand. For the rest of her life, she took off her red dress and changed into a robe to avoid the prosperity and hustle and bustle of the world. It's a pity that I don't know how to score music, this paragraph should be accompanied by Lu Guanting's song: "The lover will never come again after farewell, sit alone without a word and look at the world, the flowers will always wither but will bloom again, and the love of my life is faintly outside the white clouds." The sea of bitterness turns over love and hate, it is difficult to escape fate in the world, and the blind date is unapproachable, or I should believe that it is fate. ”

27, Chaoyun

Wang Chaoyun was adopted in a singing and dancing class since he was a child because of his poor family, and he was born beautiful, smart and dexterous, and could sing and dance. Su Dongpo was demoted to Hangzhou for opposing Wang Anshi's change of law, one day, he and several friends traveled to the West Lake, singing and dancing during the banquet, melodious silk and bamboo sound, several dancers appeared in heavy makeup, Wang Chaoyun with gorgeous posture and superb dancing skills, eye-catching.

The performances in film and television dramas are not very real, the singers sing and the dancers don't come out after dancing, in fact, they have to change their clothes, and then sit down to accompany the wine. Wang Chaoyun stepped back and changed his outfit, washed off his heavy makeup, and painted light colors, "E's eyebrows are lightly swept and powdered lightly, and the red lips are a little crazy", a plain dress, fresh and elegant, Chu Chu is pitiful, twelve-year-old Wang Chaoyun, like a small lotus with sharp horns and a quiet orchid in the empty valley accompany Su Dongpo.

The sun is shining, the sparkling West Lake, the weather changes abruptly, the drizzle is misty, the wine is fragrant, the dishes are beautiful, and the people are beautiful, which eliminates the troubles of the ups and downs of Su Dongpo's officialdom, and writes that "the water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy." If you want to compare West Lake to Xizi, light makeup is always appropriate. This is also the way to write "Ming Xiu Plank Road Darkness Chen Cang", clearly writing the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, and secretly writing Su Dongpo's heart-warming feeling when he first met Wang Chaoyun. Chaoyun admired Su Shi's talent very much, and was treated well by Su Shi and his wife, very fortunate to meet Su Shi, after being ransomed by Su Shi, he entered the Su family as a maid and maid, and became a concubine at the age of 16-18, determined to follow Su Shi for life.

Because Wang Chaoyun was still young when she followed Su Shi, she was often instructed and taught by Su Shi, and Su Shi had a deep influence on her in terms of literary and artistic cultivation. Raising her hands and throwing her feet, she knew her husband's intentions, and the poems written by Dongpo, even if they mentioned the past lightly, would cause Chaoyun's joy and sorrow.

The most typical is "Butterfly Love Flower", "The flowers fade and the red and green apricots are small, and when the swallows fly, the green water surrounds them." There are few willows blowing on the branches, where is there no fragrant grass at the end of the world? The swing in the wall, the road outside the wall, the pedestrians outside the wall, and the beautiful woman in the wall laughs. The laughter gradually faded into silence, but the amorous was ruthlessly annoyed. ”

When Su Shi was demoted to Huizhou, he was close to the age of sixtieth, and seeing that it was rare to have another chance to be promoted, the maids and concubines around him were scattered one after another, only Wang Chaoyun was consistent, following Su Dongpo for a long journey, crossing mountains and mountains to Huizhou.

Su Shi often asked Chaoyun to sing the song "Butterfly Loves Flowers" to relieve his depression. Whenever Chaoyun sang "The willows on the branches blow less", he cried and couldn't go on. Dongpo would put his arm around her and ask the reason, and Chaoyun said: "The concubine can't sing because 'there is no grass at the end of the world'!" This sentence, in today's parlance, is "Don't hang yourself from a tree"! It is to persuade the infatuated lover to have a chance in the face of feelings, and it is also to persuade Su Dongpo to have a chance in the face of his political future.

Unfortunately, Wang Chaoyun encountered the plague in Huizhou, his body was very weak, and he was only thirty-four years old when he died.

The author of "Dream of Red Mansions" classified the great benevolence and evil through Jia Yucun's mouth, and then wrote about the people born of the two endowments of good and evil. The trajectory of the fate of these people is affected by the innate good and evil temperament, and also by the acquired educational environment, which is divided into three categories, one is the "rich and noble family of the prince", the second is the "poor family of poetry and books", and the third is the "Bo Zuo Hanmen".

The author gives us 27 examples of celebrities, one thing we must understand, "such as the previous generations of Xu You, Tao Qian, Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Liu Ling, Wang Xie Er, Gu Hutou, Chen Houzhu, Tang Minghuang, Song Huizong, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Minan Gong, Shi Manqing, Liu Qiqing, Qin Shaoyou, and recently Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan", these people are all free people, and the lowest social status is also commoners.

These two episodes say, "Another example is Li Guinian, Huang Wanqiu, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xue Tao, Cui Ying, Chaoyun and the like". According to the values of the society at that time, Li Guinian, Huang Wanqiu, and Jing Xinmo were three plays, and they were ninth-rate. The three of them are men, but their identities are Youling, and Li Guinian is also a drama when he becomes famous. In ancient times, there was a bad habit of raising male pets, and the well-behaved ones who were raised were originally lowly, and then with the blessing of gay men, they often had to carry the pot of disaster to the country and the people, and their social status can be imagined. In the text of "Dream of Red Mansions", the relationship between the drama Jiang Yuhan and the prince is so close, the author has an indirect description, which directly breaks the relationship between Jiang Yuhan and Jia Baoyu, and Qin Zhong, who is more obscene than the play.

Zhuo Wenjun eloped with Sima Xiangru during his widowhood when he returned to his parents' house and was lewd. Red Whisk, a fictional character, is difficult to distinguish between truth and falsehood, and is in free love with Li Jing, obscene. Xue Tao, singer, lower ninth rate. Cui Yingying, a drama character in the novel, is in free love with Zhang Sheng, and is obscene. Wang Chaoyun, the singer turned into a concubine, and she was a ninth-rate.

Tang Bohu, Liu Qilang and others are not obscene, Cui Ying, Hongfu, Zhuo Wenjun, women are despised when they quietly date and fall in love freely, and they are classified as dramas, which is a demonstration of the limitations of the author's feudal thoughts. This kind of feudal thinking is reflected in the text of "Dream of Red Mansions", for example, the twelve hairpins of Jinling are all masters, and Qin Keqing is also in the main book, and concubines and maids cannot enter the main book.

We also can't ask the author to be completely ahead of his time against the era in which he lived, there has been a huge breakthrough in his "Dream of the Red Chamber", just as we ourselves cannot completely oppose the era in which we live, we think that the era we live in has been very progressive, and the author of "Dream of the Red Chamber" certainly thinks that his thinking has made great progress. Or quote the great man's sentence "cross the river by feeling the stones" and keep improving!

What is a person who is born of both good and evil? The author summarizes it as, that is, "the upper cannot be a benevolent gentleman, and the lower cannot be a great evil." "They are somewhere between great benevolence and great evil, and they are not the most popular people in the world, each with their own stories, their own strengths and weaknesses.

Of course, if a person is perfect and has no defects, he is a saint, and even in people's hearts, he will become a god and an object of worship. Ordinary people do not make friends with saints, because saints only do what is right, and do not talk about feelings. Moreover, the saint is so perfect that he will make ordinary people ashamed of themselves, if a person has no merit and only does bad things, he must be the devil, who would want to be a neighbor with the devil?

It is very difficult to see a perfect saint, or a complete demon, reading through "Dream of Red Mansions", not to mention great benevolence and great evil, there are very few pure and pure characters, as if Jia Huan is not righteous. Both good and evil are in the majority, the author broke the point of view that non-gentlemen are villains, Baoyu's stubbornness, Sister Feng's viciousness, Baochai's power, and Daiyu's petty temperament can all be regarded as the evil side. Of course, they all have a beautiful side.