After passing the county test, you can participate in the government test, which is generally presided over by the prefect, and the joint guarantor has to find one more, and the other requirements are similar to the county test, and there are three consecutive exams. Those who pass the prefectural and prefectural examinations can be called "children" and can continue to take the college examinations. Some scholars have to take many years to pass the most basic county and government exams to become children. Some scholars get the identity of a child in one exam, but they can't pass the college exam, and they are still a child when they are gray-haired, and Lu Xun's Kong Yiji is an old child.

The Qing Dynasty's academy examination was held twice every three years, and the emperor appointed Xuezheng to be the chief examiner throughout the country, and Xuezheng was also called "Admiral College", so the examination presided over by the Admiral College was called "Academy Examination", and those who could be appointed as Xuezheng were generally central officials such as the Jinshi Supervisor Yushi and the Liubu Shilang. Qi Lisheng, who we talked about in the first episode, was a student in Yunnan.

The first examination of the hospital examination is called the annual examination, and those who have obtained the status of a child can participate, and there must be one more joint guarantor, and one more special guarantor. Xiucai has "fame", enters the scholar class, and has basic privileges such as exemption from forced labor and taxes, not kneeling when seeing county officials, and not being punished casually. The top students are called "Di Sheng", enjoy the special living allowance of the state, and the scholar who wants to participate in the child examination must ask "Di Sheng" to act as a special guarantor, so as the head of the show, "Di Sheng" has a certain social status in the local area, and the particularly outstanding can also be guaranteed to study in the Guozijian and become a tribute student who is ready to contribute to the emperor.

A group of local veteran talents must also take the first exam of the college examination, and select those with good results, and then take the second exam with the rookie talents. The second examination of the college examination is called the "science test", the examination is passed, it is called the "record subject", the whole children's examination is successfully completed, and then you can participate in the township examination in the "year of the big competition". It is not easy for Jia Yucun to be qualified to participate in the township examination, and it is also something to be proud of as a scholar.

As we said just now, the township test is also called "Qiu Fu", and if Qiu Qiu succeeds in the first battle, it is "lifting people", and the township test is called B Bang, also called B Branch. When the results of the examination were announced, it was the time when the osmanthus was fragrant, also known as the laurel list, and the first place in the township examination was called "Xie Yuan". Not only can you take part in the examination, but even if you can't pass the examination, you also have the qualifications to be an official, and you can act as a middle- and lower-level official of the government, and the people can call you "master".

In the "year of Dabi" township examination, and the old people of the previous session can participate in the examination held in the spring of the second year at the same time, and the success of the first battle of the spring of the spring will become a tribute, and the intellectuals who contribute to the emperor will have the qualification to participate in the palace examination. When the results of the examination were announced, it was the time when the apricot blossoms were blooming, also known as the apricot list, and the first place in the examination was called "Huiyuan".

The most complete preserved examination place is the Nanjing Confucius Temple, where each person who takes the examination has a single room, which is called the "No. room". The invigilation is very strict, and when candidates enter, they should be strictly searched to prevent candidates from hiding "cheat sheets" on their bodies. When the test taker enters the "room number", the door must be locked. The "No. 1 room" is very narrow, with only two wooden planks up and down, the upper board is used as a table for writing exam papers, and the lower board is used as a chair, and the two boards are used as a bed when sleeping at night. There is also a charcoal fire and a few candles for the candidates in the "No. 1 room". Charcoal fires can be used for cooking and heating. During the test, candidates are not allowed to come out until the end of the test. It is like this to raise people to participate in the examination, and the township test and the child test we talked about earlier can be imagined.

About one-twentieth of the people who participated in the examination became tributes, and they could continue to participate in the palace examination, with a small number of 100 people and a large number of 2 or 300 people. In the palace examination, the emperor personally wrote the questions and came to the examination room in person, and only tested one "policy question", which was to ask the candidates about current affairs and politics, economic development, governing the country and securing the country, consolidating political power and other strategies. The list that announces the results of the palace examination is called the first list, also called the first branch, because the list is made of yellow paper, also known as the gold list. The Jinshi with the title of the gold list were announced in three batches. The first three people are the champions, the eyes of the list and the flowers, and they are given to the Jinshi and the first. A number of second-class names were given to Jinshi. The top three are all the remaining candidates, as long as they take the palace examination, they will be given the same Jinshi background. After the palace examination, the road to the imperial examination has come to an end, and even if you are not satisfied with the ranking, you cannot retake the exam. Jinshi can act as middle and low-level officials of the government, and their status is higher than that of lifting people, and their promotion is faster than that of lifting people.

The champion is the top figure in the pyramid of China's imperial examination system, and the champion in the examination means "becoming famous in one fell swoop", and only one champion is produced in three years, without superhuman talent, strong perseverance, and healthy physique, it is impossible to take the champion. There are also scholars who take the first place in the township test is "Xie Yuan", the first in the examination is "Hui Yuan", and the first "champion" in the palace test, which is called "Lianzhong Sanyuan". In the 1,300-year history of the imperial examination, there were only a dozen people in the liberal arts.

Time is limited, and what we are discussing is the general situation, as an important talent selection system, the imperial examination has certain objective criteria and democratic spirit. It had a far-reaching impact on Korea, Japan, Ryukyu, Vietnam and other countries around China at that time, and also had a great influence on Britain, France, Germany, Italy and other European countries of the industrial revolution. In China, the imperial examination system satisfies to a certain extent the requirements of the small and medium-sized landlord class for political participation, eases the internal contradictions of the landlord class, conforms to the requirements of historical development at that time, is conducive to the consolidation and stability of the feudal regime, and the right to select and appoint talents is completely controlled by the central government, which is conducive to the strengthening of centralized power and promotes the development of education to a certain extent.

However, the content of the imperial examination was limited to a few Confucian classics, and the examination method focused on rote memorization, which caused schools to pay attention to examination-oriented education, which was not conducive to cultivating and selecting talents with practical ability. In addition, the imperial examination closely linked reading, scientific examination and being an official, and the only purpose of many people studying was to become an official in the middle of the jinshi, which affected school education, and other academic ideas were suppressed and imprisoned, especially in the natural sciences, and the school became a vassal of the imperial examination. The prevalence of slavery and the withering of talented people is one of the reasons why China was backward and beaten in the world competition more than 100 years ago.

Zhen Shiyin's house was on fire and wrote about the real illness of Nanzhi's trouble

Zhen Shiyin's house caught fire, [text description: Probably because of the disaster, so one after another, five and four, burned a street like a mountain of flames. There is a comment on this sentence [Jiaxu Mei Criticism: Write the real disease of Nanzhi Summoning Disaster. 】

In the second episode, when discussing Qi Lisheng's preface, I quoted this sentence from the text: "So one after another, five and four, burned a street like a mountain of flames." At that time, combined with the author's writing technique, I briefly talked about my opinion, I think the author clearly wrote that the Zhen family was burned due to the fire in the gourd temple, and secretly wrote that the climax of the decline of Jiafu was a raid on the family, the big family, relatives, friends, and protégés must have been one after another, and an interest group was uprooted.

The "Nanzhi" in the criticism is Nanzhili Province, and the Qing Dynasty changed it to Jiangnan Province, we discussed it once in the ninth episode, and then briefly said it again. In the early years of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang built the capital of Yingtianfu (now Nanjing), called Jingshi. Yingtianfu, Suzhou, Fengyang, Yangzhou, Luzhou, Huai'an, Songjiang, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Huizhou, Ningguo, Chizhou, Taiping, Anqing, a total of 14 prefecture-level units are directly subordinate to the central court, called "Zhili", and the jurisdiction is about the current Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai, two provinces and one city.

In the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420), the capital was moved to Shuntianfu, Beijing became the new capital, the emperor canceled the Beiping political envoys, on the basis of the Beiping political envoys and states, and merged other areas closer to the capital, by Shuntianfu, Yongpingfu, Daimyofu, Baoding, Hejianfu, Zhendingfu, Shundefu, Guangpingfu, Yanqing Prefecture, Baoan Prefecture directly under the central six departments, called "Beizhili", referred to as "Beizhili", the scope is about the current Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, plus a small part of Henan and Shandong. The original Beijing division was renamed Nanjing, and the original Beijing division jurisdiction "Zhili" was renamed "Nanzhili", referred to as "Nanzhi", the original jurisdiction was basically unchanged, and "Nanzhili" was equivalent to the status of the capital in the Ming Dynasty, but the emperor did not live there.

In the Qing Dynasty, in the second year of Shunzhi, Jiangnan Chengxuan Political Envoy Department was set up, Nanzhili was changed to Jiangnan Province, the status of the capital of Nanjing was abolished, and the governor's yamen was set up in Jiangning Mansion (now Nanjing). The concept of "Nanzhi" has gradually faded, and the official name "Nanzhili" has been more than 200 years, and the folk may call it for a longer time.

Because of the existence of this criticism, it is also associated with a major historical event in the gourd temple, and there are different opinions. Around the Nanzhi area, the mainstream red school believes that it was the incident of the copying of the Jiangning Weaving Mansion of Cao Xueqin's house in Nanjing, and the Suoyin school believes that it was the "Yangzhou Ten Days" or "Jiading Three Massacres" that occurred in the Jiangnan area.

"Yangzhou Ten Days" and "Jiading Three Massacres", we introduced to you when we discussed "Text Prison" in the eighth episode, it is indeed a disaster for the people of Jiangnan, these two tragedies occurred in the "Nanzhi" area, but they do not meet the characteristics of "summoning trouble", the so-called "summoning trouble" is because of their own negligence and has been duly punished, "Yangzhou Ten Days" and "Jiading Three Massacres" are not caused by the fault of the people of Jiangnan.

Cao Xueqin's house was copied, which was an ordinary thing in the early years of Yongzheng, and it could not be regarded as affecting the entire Jiangnan region, and it was inappropriate to call it "Nanzhi Summoning Disaster". If it weren't for Cao Fu's harassment of the post station, the transfer of property, and the concealment of contraband, perhaps the disaster of raiding the house could have been avoided. Moreover, the Jiangning Weaving Mansion was copied, and the number of officials involved was not too large, and the social impact was not large.

Since the critic annotated the sentence "write out the real illness of Nanzhi's summoning disaster" in the book, this "Nanzhi summoning disaster" must be an earth-shattering event and is widely known, so that other readers can understand what it means at a glance. Its characteristic or "real disease" as mentioned in the criticism is "one after another, hanging five and four, and burning a street like a mountain of flames".

What else can be referred to as "Nanzhi summons trouble"? It is related to the imperial examination system we discussed in the previous episode, and I think it is the major case of the Nanqiu imperial examination.

After the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs, in order to consolidate the political power and strengthen the rule, it was necessary to obtain the support of the Han landlords and bureaucrats, and it was necessary to encircle the Han intellectuals. In the second year of Shunzhi, the township test was held in the northern provinces that were the first to be conquered, and the Manchu rulers had never played like this before, so they conducted the experiment first and admitted the first batch of people in the Qing Dynasty. In the third year of Shunzhi, the examination was held in Beijing, and the first batch of Jinshi who founded the country were admitted. There is a certain effect, and then the township test is implemented in the Jiangnan area, the Jiangnan township test is commonly known as the South Horse, and the Beijing Shuntianfu Township Test is called the North Horse. During the Shunzhi period, there was a major case that caused a national sensation - the Ding You Jiangnan Township Trial Case.

In the Ming Dynasty, the punishment for imperial examination cases was generally lighter. At most, the examiner will be tortured, spanked with a board, and then demoted, and no one will die, and the candidates who take the exam will have their results invalidated and will take the exam again after three years. In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, the officialdom was dark, corruption became a common practice, and the fraud in the imperial examination was not strange for a long time, and this bad atmosphere continued to the Shunzhi period, Shunzhi ascended the throne at the age of six, and was the first emperor after the Qing army entered the customs, the child was too young, and his uncle Wang Dolgon was regent. The imperial examination system was restored, but Dolgon was busy conquering the whole country, suppressing rebellions, soldiers, national affairs, the land of death and life, the way of survival, and what is the examination! At that time, the rulers didn't care, they didn't have time, they couldn't be busy. Impersonation and favoritism in the examination room are more serious than in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, and the examiners are too good.

A few years ago, the army was in chaos, and the Shunzhi Emperor was small, so the imperial examination was carried out, and after the Shunzhi pro-government, while continuing to play the imperial examination, he had to settle a lot of things, and the examiners saw that the emperor wanted to select and win over the Han people to rule more Han people, and bullied the emperor as a novice who did not understand the mystery at all, so he was even more unscrupulous. The first case was the case of the Beiqiu Imperial Examination, and something happened to the township examination held in Shuntianfu, Beijing.

The chief examiners Li Zhenye, Zhang Ipu, and others openly accepted bribes from Lu Yiji, Dr. Cai Yuanyi, and Jinshi Xiang Shaofang, and all the children of the three grades and above of the Beijing official were admitted, and public power became a tool for the examiners to seek personal gain and make contacts. As the saying goes, "the rich and the powerful are bullied", the rich are not as good as the powerful, the small officials are not as good as the powerful, and if you spend money and have no quota, you can't pass the exam. So after the list was released, there was a lot of discussion, and those who were really talented and did not get admitted and those who spent unjustly spent money and no quota all shouted unjust complaints.

Especially those who spent unjustly money, they had some capital and some channels, so they continued to petition and succeeded. In the matter, Ren Kepu was on the Shunzhi Emperor to expose the matter, the investigation was true, Shunzhi Longyan was furious, Li Zhenye, Zhang Ipu, Cai Yuanyi, Lu Yiji, Xiang Shaofang, Tian Yunsi, Wu Zuolin, who were illegally raised in the examination, were sentenced to be executed, the death penalty was executed immediately, there was no room for relaxation, their family property was confiscated, and their parents, brothers and wives were exiled to Shangyang Fort, which is near the current Tieling Ivory Mountain Scenic Area.

(End of chapter)