Chapter 54, Qinghai, Qinghai.

A few days ago, a cavalry battalion of Ma Bufang attacked a tribe in Mongolia, and killed Jiang Qiang, and their three soldiers happened to give Jiang Qiang the best reason to send troops at this time. In 1927, Yin was renamed "Chief Executive". At this time, a battalion of hundreds of people was frightened to surrender immediately, and at this time it was also to kill the guilty ones who were too bad, and it was best for these soldiers to leave five people and the others to move in the direction of Zhangye, Zhangye was named after "Zhangguo's arm, in order to pass through the Western Regions", located in the northwest of Gansu Province, China, in the middle of the Hexi Corridor. In ancient times, it was called "Ganzhou", that is, the origin of the word "Gan" in Gansu Province, known as the "land of mulberry and hemp", the land of fish and rice. It is rich in wheat, corn, rice, beans, oilseeds, melons, fruits, vegetables, and has more than 10 departments such as coal, machinery, textiles, and brewing. Native products include green onions, apples and pears, Wujiang rice, red dates, hair cabbage, Silk Road spring wine, etc. Zhangye covers an area of 40,874 square kilometers and has a population of 1.31 million. It has jurisdiction over six counties and districts: Ganzhou District, Linze County, Gaotai County, Shandan County, Minle County and Sunan Yugur Autonomous County.

During the Qin and Han dynasties, the Xiongnu in the north became stronger, defeated and drove away the Yueshi people, and Hexi became the territory of the Xiongnu Youxian King. The east and west of the Heihe River were divided by the King of Hutu and the King of Hun Evil respectively. During the Western Han Dynasty, in the second year of Emperor Wu Yuanzhan (121 BC), the hussar general Huo Qubing marched into Hexi, defeated the Xiongnu, and the two kings of Hun evil and Hutu led the people back to Han. In the sixth year of the Han Yuan Dynasty (111 years ago), the meaning of "Zhangguo's arm is taken to pass through the Western Regions" was placed, and Zhangye County was placed.

During the period of the two Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Qu Mengxun established the Northern Liang Kingdom in Zhangye, and the capital was Jiankang (present-day Camel City, Gaotai County), and he adopted measures such as developing agriculture, greatly promoting Confucianism, expanding cultural exchanges with countries in the Western Regions, inheriting and carrying forward Han culture, promoting Buddhism, translating Buddhist scriptures, digging grottoes, and combining local music, singing and dancing with Guizi music, creating a new music "Qin and Han Tricks", making Zhangye culture present an unprecedented prosperity and becoming the center of Buddhism in northern China, and at the same time making Zhangye an intermediary between Chinese mainland and the Western Regions. During the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-535), the "Qin and Han Dynasties" was introduced to the Central Plains, called "Western Liangle", and became the "national play" of the Northern Dynasty court; Zhangye's Buddhist music was introduced to the Central Plains, called "Xiliangzhou", and became the music of the Buddhist temples of the Northern Dynasties. In the third year of the abolition of the emperor in the Western Wei Dynasty (554), Zhangye was changed to Ganzhou because of the Ganquan in the territory.

During the Tang Dynasty, agricultural production was vigorously developed, "opening up tuntian, making the best use of water and land, harvesting rice, and accumulating military grain for decades." Hexi's international trade status has reached an unprecedented peak, and Zhangye has become an important place for China's foreign trade. Economic prosperity has promoted cultural prosperity. The famous monk Xuanzang went to India (Tianzhu) to learn scriptures, passing through Zhangye. The poet Chen Ziang was ordered to inspect Zhangye and wrote "Shang Zhi Wu Hou Shu". Wang Wei, Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Ma Yunqi and others all left famous poems when they stopped in Ganzhou. After the Ganzhou music "Bolomen Buddhist Song" was introduced to the court, Tang Xuanzong was restructured into "Ni Dress and Feather Dance". After the Ganzhou Biansai Qu flowed into the Central Plains, it became the big song of the teaching workshop, and the word cards and music cards named after "Ganzhou Song", "Ganzhou Zi", "Eight Sounds of Ganzhou" and "Ganzhou Song" were widely spread. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Zhangye had a close relationship with the Central Plains and the Western Regions, connecting with each other and developing trade; Monks traveled back and forth, and Buddhist culture was further exchanged. During the Northern Song Dynasty, in the sixth year of Tiansheng (1028), Li Yuanhao, the leader of the Dangxiang clan, defeated the Ganzhou Uighurs and established Western Xia. Inheriting the Han cultural tradition, it continued to build water conservancy, develop agriculture, establish education, and advocate Buddhism and Taoism, and built a large-scale Buddhist temple - the Great Buddha Temple.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Zhangye was the seat of Ganzhou Prefecture, the commander of Gansu Province, and the commander-in-chief of the army in Gansu Province controlled the general army of the four towns of Liangzhou, Suzhou, Xining and Ningxia. In all the military operations of the Qing Dynasty in the west, Ganzhou was used as the military dispatch center and logistics supply base. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, when Wang Zhizuo of Zhangye studied in Japan, he joined the League led by Sun Yat-sen, and after returning to his hometown, he propagated revolutionary ideas, and his "Letter to Ma Anliang" openly supported the Wuchang Uprising, supported the republic, and abolished the imperial system, which swept the province. In 1927, Zhangye County was established.

At this time, the soldiers of a regiment in Zhangye saw a large number of troops surrounding, and they all surrendered without thinking, and Ma Bufang was already panicked in Xining at this time. I thought to myself, didn't I just rob you of a caravan, and I didn't mean to take all of our Qinghai. At this time, Ma Bufang wanted Ningxia's Ma Hongkui to ask for help, and the Ma Hongkui person said, let's not move for the time being, those Shanghainese are wolves on the grassland, hate, if you move, we will definitely not be able to keep it here, and warn those soldiers and a few sons of the old man's family, don't provoke the wolves on the grassland, even the Soviet Union is not their opponent, not to mention our soldiers, this time Ma Bufang is also a tribe that you robbed them, that is, you shouldn't kill the people of that tribe, They are looking for an excuse to take our northwest, and at this time, Ma Bufang is still going to provoke them, and he has withdrawn all the soldiers close to the border, so that they have no excuse.

Ma Hongkui also sighed There is no way to do it, those wolf cubs are not something that our army can compete with, just say to the person who reported the news, don't go, I went to send a telegram to Ma Bufang to tell him to flee for his life, when you go back, Xining is no longer yours, you know, a tank, they are afraid of the charge of your cavalry, how to fight this battle, that Ma Bufang is also provoking the people who should not be provoked, They really could afford that Ma Bufang had sent so many tanks to deal with Ma Bufang's cavalry, and the military advisor said that they wanted to capture the prisoners and didn't want to cause too many casualties, otherwise they would have sent out that rocket artillery.

That's the reason, damn, Ma Bufang is looking for his own death, eh, forget it, let's not think about it, if they really attack us, we are not an opponent, you will immediately bring a few young masters back to me, don't tie me back, damn a few rabbit cubs don't know how thick the sky is, if I get into trouble, it will be a big disaster, the military advisor immediately took someone outside to tie up all the little masters, the big one was still screaming and said to take a division to support Ma Bufang, at this time Ma Hongkui went over with a big mouth, The eldest son who beat him is a fire-eyed Venus, a damn guy who doesn't know whether he is alive or dead, just you, a cavalryman who fights against tanks like this, just a guy who doesn't know the height of the sky, and he will shoot you with one shot while yelling, and the province will bring ruin to our family.

You are great at reading or something, that is, in this ghost place, you are playing prestige outside, it is a straw bag, and when you hear that you are playing prestige outside, you will break both of your legs, so that you can never stand up, well, and this is to let me know that you bully men and women in this city, I will pickle you and make you a eunuch so that you can't touch a woman for the rest of your life, I still have a few sons in the matter of inheritance, and you are not bad to remember, the military advisor will take all his military power from today, and there will be five oceans in a month, And a few of you dare to lend her a piece of ocean, you will be the same as him, well, fourth, in a few days, I will send you to the military academy in Shanghai, where to study for two years, where to study hard, after the military division and other Qinghai things have passed, I will take a few babies in the family to Shanghai, to have a relationship with them, you look at that Liu Xiang is now terrible.

The University Games was held in Chengdu, and Shanghai gave 200 million US dollars at once, and now Sichuan can be said to be the best province except Shanghai, which is the benefit brought by Liu Xiang's letter, this time Liu Xiang can be said to be a person who is in the limelight, that Bai Chongxi If he does not participate in the encirclement and suppression of the Red Party this time, it will also be the same Guangxi will be developed, one wrong step and one wrong step, this is the truth, we are too poor here, don't expect that chairman, he is also a guy who wants money and no money, There is also the jade butterfly and jade watermelon that Qin Shihuang and Tang Xuanzong Taishan Feng Zen dug out by Ma Rulong from Songli Mountain in Mount Tai, which is a national treasure and a national treasure. If there is such a gift, I don't believe that they still don't look at it coldly, and the Red Party army is going to pass through us, and if they are ready to take them in advance, they will say that they will be carried out according to the order of Shanghai's Hongkou District, and the military adviser said, is it necessary to do this?

Ma Hongkui said: It is not necessary, but it must be done, so that there will be no war here, because the whole country's army will have to give face to these people in Shanghai, so just listen to my arrangement.

At this time, Jiang Qiang has come to Zhangye, under Jiang Qiang's arrangement, all things are working in a step-by-step manner, at this time Jiang Qiang did not be ruthless to the landlords, that is, he asked them to return the farmland to those farmers, Jiang Qiang helped them set up various factories in Zhangye, Jiang Qiang also said that this is the greatest mercy to you, the landlords in other places have almost gone to the king of Hades to learn, and the landlords at this time also know the habits of these people in Shanghai, in Tibet, it is killing people's heads, At this time, it was really the greatest forgiveness for them, at this time everyone agreed, the first factory was the Zhangye daily necessities processing factory, which produced some soap, soap and the like, as well as matches, and set up a small steel factory, a wool textile factory, a soy sauce processing factory, a furniture factory, and also set up a large glass factory in Zhangye, with an investment of nearly 10 million yuan.

At this time, the people of Zhangye are as happy as the New Year every day, Jiang Qiang went to the countryside to help those people to carry out rural transformation, Zhangye melons and fruits, many kinds of vegetables, good quality, with an annual output of more than 600,000 tons, onions, peppers, eggplants, watermelons and newly introduced fine melons and vegetables sell well in more than 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country, and it is a famous base for the eastward transportation of Western cuisine. Dates, apples, apples, pears, peaches, grapes and other high-quality mixed fruits are famous. At the same time, it also produces more than 80 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials such as ginger and ephedra, at this time there are ten experts in Shanghai to help those people cultivate various vegetables, and one by one vegetable greenhouses are also built in Zhangye, at this time the army has turned south and then Ningxia is the place, at this time Jiang Qiangchang does not want to deal directly with the people of the Red Party, and Ma Hongkui did not provoke himself, and all the troops on the border were withdrawn, which means that he does not want to be an enemy of himself.

At this time, one division went to Lanzhou, two divisions went to Xining, and the small counties along the way did not surrender with a single shot, Jiang Qiang was very helpless at this time, Jiang Qiang When they came to Lanzhou, Lanzhou did not have soldiers and horses, and all of them were transferred to Xining.

In the first year of Yong'an of Qianliang (314), it was divided into two counties of Zhiyang and Lingju to which Jincheng County belonged, and Guangwu County was co-located with the newly established Yongdeng County (near Yaojie, Honggu District, Lanzhou City), and in the same year, Jincheng County was moved from Yuzhong to Jincheng, and since then Jincheng County and County have been stationed in the same city. In the third year of Emperor Kaihuang of Sui (583), Jincheng County was changed to Lanzhou and placed in the governor's office. Because there is Gaolan Mountain in the south of the city, it is called Lanzhou. In the third year of Daye (607), Zicheng County was changed to Jincheng County, Lanzhou was changed to Jincheng County, Jincheng and Didao counties were led, Jincheng was governed by the county, and Lanzhou was restored in the second year of Tang Wude (619). Eight years in the Governor's Palace. In the first year of Hyeongyeong (656), it was changed to a state. In the first year of Tenpo (742), it was renamed Jincheng County. In the second year of the Qianyuan Dynasty (759), it was changed to Lanzhou, and the state governed Wuquan, and governed Wuquan and Guangwu two counties. In the first year of Baoying (762), Lanzhou was occupied by Tubo, and in the second year of Dazhong (848), Lanzhou was returned to the Tang Dynasty. Soon it was occupied by the Dangxiang clan.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, according to the Ming system, Lanzhou was subordinate to Lintao Mansion, and Wei was under the command of Shaanxi. In the thirteenth year of Shunzhi (1656), the guard returned to the state. In the second year of Kangxi (1663), Lanzhou Wei was re-established. In the fifth year of Kangxi (1666), Shaanxi and Gansu were divided, and Gansu Province was established, and the provincial capital was moved from Gongchang (now Longxi) to Lanzhou. In the third year of Qianlong (1738), the governance of Lintao Mansion was moved from Didao to Lanzhou, renamed Lanzhou Prefecture, and changed the state to Gaolan County. At that time, Lanzhou Prefecture was under the jurisdiction of Didao and Hezhou; Gaolan, Jinxian, Weiyuan, Jingyuan four counties. In the 29th year of Qianlong (1764), the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, Yamen, moved from Xi'an to Lanzhou and reduced the governor of Gansu. In 1913, the abolished government (state) set up a road, and Lanshan, Gongchang two mansions for Lanshan Road (changed to Lanshan District in 1927), the jurisdiction of Gaolan, Hongshui, Yuzhong, Didao, Daohe, Ningding, Taosha, Jingyuan, Weiyuan, Dingxi, Lintan, Longxi, Minxian, Huining, Zhangxian and other fifteen counties, Daoyin in the provincial capital Gaolan County.

Lanzhou City is located in the west of the Loess Plateau in Longxi, the north and south mountains of the urban area face each other, and the Yellow River passes through the city from east to west, winding for more than 100 miles. It is the transition area from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Loess Plateau. Most of the territory is loess-covered hills and basins at an altitude of 1500~2500 meters. The stony mountains are the remnants of the Qilian Mountains, distributed on the north and south sides of the city. The stony mountains in the south of Yuzhong County and the northwest of Yongdeng County are above 3,000 meters above sea level, including 3,670 meters above sea level of Mabit Mountain, 3,021 meters above sea level of Xinglong Mountain, and 3,455 meters above sea level of the main peak of Jujunbu Mountain. The terrain of Lanzhou is high in the west and south, low in the northeast, and the Yellow River flows from the southwest to the northeast, crossing the whole territory, cutting through the mountains, forming a bead-shaped river valley between canyons and basins. The canyon has Bapan Gorge, Chaijia Gorge, Sangyuan Gorge, Da Gorge, Wujin Gorge and so on; The basins include Xincheng Basin, Lanzhou Basin, Niwan-Shichuan Basin, Qingcheng-Shuichuan Basin, etc. There are also Huangshui Valley, Zhuanglang River Valley, Yuanchuan River Valley, Datong River Valley, etc.

At this time, Jiang Qiang also had no choice, so he had to stay in Lanzhou, and began to draw a piece of land 20 kilometers away from Lanzhou to make an industrial park, the first project was a cement factory, requiring those landlords to set up a brick and tile factory, Lanzhou here Jiang Qiang introduced a large cigarette factory equipment in Germany was also transported to Lanzhou, and more than 100 technicians also followed, and the army also began to clean up other small counties, and Lanzhou has changed its appearance in less than two months.