Last time, I talked about the Ming Dynasty army in a different time and space with its powerful power to defeat the "Houjin" regime in one fell swoop, and swept the entire Liao region, and reset the "Nuer Gandu Division".

In a different time and space, if later generations see the territory map of the Ming Dynasty, they will find that its northeast direction is quite abrupt, because not only is the area very large, but also only five Chinese characters are written - "Nuer Gandu Si" is over. As everyone knows, this is the supreme ruling body of the Ming Dynasty here.

The name "Nuergan" is not in Chinese when you hear it, but in fact it is "Jurchen", which is the so-called "Manchurian dialect", which means "landscape painting".

It's strange that the map doesn't draw the upper boundary of "Nuer Gandusi", and it shows the strange appearance of "no upper limit", so what is the situation?

In fact, this has to start with the Ming Dynasty's rule over the northeast region. It is well known that the region of Northeast China north of present-day Liaodong (plus a large area of the Russian Far East) was in the traditional sphere of influence of the ancient Central Plains Dynasty. However, the successive dynasties basically did not vigorously operate, at most it was just a restraint.

Due to the cold climate here, it was quite difficult to develop under the production conditions at that time, so the area was inhabited by fishing and hunting peoples, but sometimes these "fishing and hunting" or "nomadic" peoples also came and went, such as the Jurchens who destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty in the 12th century, entered the Central Plains and established the Jin Dynasty.

Later, the Mongols were unprecedentedly strong, and after sweeping away the surrounding ethnic regimes, they established the "Yuan Dynasty", and set up the "Liaoyang Province" in the northeast, which lasted until the establishment of the Ming Dynasty dozens of years later, and many military forces of the "Northern Yuan" or "Remnant Yuan" were still stationed in the "Liaodi" for a long time.

However, there was a problem at that time, that is, when the Ming Dynasty was established, there were still a large number of Mongolian forces left in the northeast, which was never allowed by the Ming Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, made many northern expeditions, such as the 20th year of Hongwu (1307 AD), the Ming army forced the "Yuan Dynasty Taiwei" and "Kaiyuan King" Naha to surrender by force. At that time, this person had in fact become a warlord who controlled Liaodong, with 200,000 troops, and his strength was very strong, and the Ming Dynasty forces infiltrated the northeast.

After Zhu Yuanzhang, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, sent a large army to the Northern Expedition, most of the tribal leaders in the Heilongjiang and Ussuri River basins who were previously dependent on the Yuan Dynasty took the initiative to surrender to the Ming Dynasty, and requested to refer to the old system of the Yuan Dynasty's "Marshal Zhengdong Mansion" (i.e., "Zhengdong Recruitment Division", the military institutions controlled by the Yuan Dynasty and belonged to Liaoyang Province) for canonization.

Although the Ming Emperor Zhu beggar was happy to see this, the bureaucracy was generally unfamiliar with the northeast. Therefore, by the Yongle Dynasty of Ming Chengzu, the Mongol power in the northeast was basically eliminated. In the seventh year of Yongle (1409 AD), Zhu Di set up the "Nuer Gandu Division" in the place where the Jurchens lived, that is, in Northeast China, which was another institution established by the Ming Dynasty in Northeast China after the "Liaodong Capital Division", and officially began administrative jurisdiction in the ninth year of Yongle (1411).

So what kind of official organization is this "Nuer Gandusi"? First of all, let's briefly talk about the administrative divisions of the Ming Dynasty. The core territory of the Ming Dynasty was the traditional "Han Land". After moving the capital to Beijing, the Ming Dynasty set up thirteen political envoys and two capital districts in the Han Dynasty, commonly known as "two capitals and thirteen provinces".

"Liangjing" is "Nanjing" and "Beijing"; The "thirteen provinces" are "Shandong" (in Jinan), "Shanxi" (in Taiyuan), "Henan" (in Kaifeng), "Shaanxi" (in Xi'an), "Sichuan" (in Chengdu), "Jiangxi" (in Nanchang), and "Huguang" (in Wuchang)

"Zhejiang" (in Hangzhou), "Fujian" (in Fuzhou), "Guangdong" (in Guangzhou), "Guangxi" (in Guilin), "Yunnan" (in Kunming), "Guizhou" (in Guiyang). In addition, at that time, "Liaodong" was subordinate to "Shandong", and "Kunming" was called "Yunnan".

However, for some areas where the surrounding tribes lived, the Ming Dynasty did not expand its territory and station troops here, but the Ming Dynasty was eager to restore the "suzerain-vassal system" that was seriously damaged during the Yuan Dynasty, so that the surrounding ethnic groups would recognize themselves as the "boss", and the same was naturally true for the Northeast region.

Therefore, at this time, there were some "fetter" ruling institutions in the Ming Dynasty, mainly "Dusi" and "Weisuo". For example, the Ming Dynasty ruled the frontier with three main divisions: the "Wusi Zangdu Division", the "Duogandu Division" and the "Nuer Gandu Division", which administered Tibet, Qinghai and Northeast China.

For the rule of the Western Regions (Xinjiang) region, the Ming Dynasty mainly relied on the establishment of the "Guanxi Seven Guards" to symbolically station a small number of troops in the "Yongle period" to maintain the smooth flow of the land "Silk Road", but because the various ethnic groups in Central Asia attacked each other, and Turpan was not willing to submit, the Ming Dynasty finally retreated to "Hami".

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, due to the serious decline of the Ming Dynasty's national strength, and at the same time to deal with the military pressure from the northern Mongolian tribes, the northeast "Houjin" and the threat of "pirates" and "pirates" at sea, there was no time to take care of the Western Regions, so it was captured by the "Turpan Khanate" and "Hamiwei" and retreated to the "Jiayu Pass".

Under the "Metropolitan Division" is the "Detention Guard". The ruling rules of "Du Si" and "Wei Suo" were usually canonized or appointed by the Ming Dynasty emperor as a "tribal chief", such as "Du Governor", "Du Commander", "Commander", "Thousands of Households", "Du Commander Envoy", "Suppression and Other Officials", etc., and gave "edicts" and "seals" to manage local affairs. These tribal governors nominally belonged to the Ming Dynasty officials, but in fact they showed submission and occasionally paid tribute, which was basically the same.

This is somewhat similar to the "Old Port Propaganda Department" set up by the Ming Dynasty in Nanyang and its local supreme administrator, the "Old Port Propaganda Envoy", which has the characteristics of "hereditary".

Therefore, there are naturally a large number of "health centers" in the northeast. According to historical records, in the first year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1403), the Ming Dynasty sent Xing Shu and others to send an edict to "Nu'er Gan" to appease the ministry. In the second year of Yongle (1404), "Zhinuergan" and other guards, and then successively built more than 130 "guards".

There are so many health centers, which need to be managed in a unified manner, so there is a fetter system above the "health center" that is further from the central bureaucratic system - "capital division".

In April of the seventh year of Yongle (1409 AD), when the local official "Khura Xiunu" (Mongolian descendant) entered the court to pay tribute, he told Zhu Di, the emperor of Chengzu of the "Ming Taizong", that although the "Nuer Ganwei" had been established in the "Nuer Gan" place, it was located in Chongyao, and the "Marshal's Mansion" should be established following the practice of the Yuan Dynasty.

Therefore, Zhu Di, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, accepted the other party's suggestion and decided to "set up the Nuer Gandu Division" to govern the "guards", so he took the "Dongning Wei Commander" Kang Wang as the "Commander of the Tongzhi", and the "Thousand Households" Wang Zhaozhou and others as the "Commander of the Guard". In this way, the Ming Dynasty finally established a "military region organization" in the northeast.

The "Beishan Jurchens" marked in the map of later generations are the "Chukchi people" who later lived in the Far East of the Russian Federation. It has a very large range, extending northward to the Arctic Ocean, and belongs to the same tribal group as the "Eskimos" or "Inuit" who later lived in the Arctic region.

According to historical records, this "Beishan Jurchen" once had a certain branch to the Ming Dynasty to pay tribute to the "Fangwu" (local specialty), so it can be classified as the territory of the Ming Dynasty.

However, due to the wide distribution of the "Beishan Jurchen", it is impossible to draw it in detail, and it is very inappropriate to row it to the Arctic Ocean. Therefore, later generations of "scholars" could only rely on guessing when judging the territory map of the Ming Dynasty, so there was an extremely rare situation, that is, there was no upper boundary in the northeast, because the North Pole had been included in theory.

The seat of the "Nuer Gandu Division" is located on the east bank of the lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River, close to the mouth of the sea, that is, the former place of the "Marshal of Zhengdong" of the Yuan Dynasty, in Nikolaevsktrin in the Far East of the Russian Federation in later generations.

After the establishment of the "Nuer Gandu Division", Zhu Di sent his henchman eunuch Yishiha to further explore the Heilongjiang region. After being captured by the Ming army at the end of the 14th century, he was castrated on the spot for disobeying the rule and sent to "Yanjing" (Beijing) as a eunuch.

In the more than 20 years from the ninth year of Yongle (1411) to the eighth year of Xuande (1433) of the Ming Dynasty, Yisha was repeatedly ordered by the court to send envoys to "Nuergan" (the lower reaches of Heilongjiang) and expanded the sphere of influence of the Ming Dynasty. He also built a Buddhist monastery in Nuergan called Yongning Monastery to worship Avalokiteshvara, and erected a stone monument in Chinese, Mongolian and Jurchen scripts to commemorate his events, which is now located in the Arsenyev Museum in Vladivostok.

This is the only stone tablet engraved with Jurchen inscriptions after the fall of the "Jin Dynasty" established by the Jurchens. In the seventh year of Xuande (1432 AD), Yisha inspected here again and found that the temple had been destroyed, so he ordered to rebuild the "Yongning Temple", and at the same time set up another stone tablet - "Rebuilding the Yongning Temple".

The "Xuande Monument" is all in Chinese, but in 1904, the two steles were moved by the Tsarist Russian authorities to two museums in Vladivostok. Later, in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the Outer Northeast was ceded to Russia, and in 1885, Cao Tingjie ventured back to extend the inscription.

After the establishment of the "Nuer Gandu Division", the Ming Dynasty garrisoned here, and the soldiers changed every two years. The garrison of the "Nuer Gandu Division" can reach 3,000 people for a long time, and the minimum is not less than 500 people, and they take turns to defend it. In order to better manage it, the Ming Dynasty also set up a shipyard near Jilin City, Jilin Province, sent officials to lead the army to manufacture large ships, and built many post roads and post stations in the jurisdiction of the "Nuer Gandu Division" to ensure the connection between the "Nuer Gandu Division" and the Beijing Division and various places.

The "Nuer Gandu Division" was subordinate to the "Military Department" of the Ming Dynasty, because it could actually be regarded as the "dispatching agency" of the "Liaodong Capital Division", such as the "police station".

Its heyday was the Wanli period, with a total of 384 Wei, 24 stations, 7 ground, 7 stations, and 1 village, usually referred to as 384 Wei, which led from the Nan River in the west, to Sakhalin Island in the east, to the Outer Khingan Mountains in the north, and to the Sea of Japan in the south, including the Heilongjiang River basin and the east of the Ussuri River, to Sakhalin Island and other places.

However, the "Nuer Gandu Division" actually did not have the function of managing its subordinate health stations, because many of the "guard stations" set up in the northeast region, including the north of the Outer Xing'an Mountains, were directly under the orders of the central court of the Ming Dynasty, and directly connected with the "military department" of the imperial court, and did not go through the intermediate link of the "Nuer Gandu Division".

The real role of "Nuer Gandusi" is to appease the local tribes, which is actually the "general base" of the Ming Dynasty to appease many tribes in the northeast. But if the appeasement mission is stopped once it is stopped, the consequences will be severe. For example, in December of the fourth year of Xuande (1429), the Ming Dynasty "summoned internal officials to return to the country." In November of the fifth year of Xuande (1430 AD), "the battle of shipbuilding on the Songhua River." In the first month of the tenth year of Xuande (1435), the inspection work of "Nuergan" was completely stopped.

During the period of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di, the national strength of the Ming Dynasty was excessively depleted, so the subsequent "Hongxi" (reigned for only one year) and "Xuande" (reigned for ten years) both adopted the national policy of "recuperation and recuperation" to restore the national strength, and adopted a contraction strategy externally, including stopping "going to the West", taking a defensive position against Mongolia, abandoning Jiaozhi, and abandoning the northeast exploration. Since the function is gone, the organizational structure of the "Nuer Gandu Division" will cease to exist, and its appeasement function will disappear immediately.

Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the "Nuer Gandu Division" has basically existed in name only, so that some people think that "the abolition of the Nuer Gandu Division" also refers to this thing. Actually, this is not accurate, because the "name" of "Nuer Gandusi" is still there, but the imperial court's finances are becoming increasingly tight and can no longer be taken care of.

After Xuande, the officials of the "Nuer Gandu Division" still saw the historical records from time to time, that is, the Ming Dynasty still nominally retained this institution, but it was only nominally, because the Ming Dynasty's "military hereditary system" and the "Nuer Gandu Division" The three main responsible persons of the "Tartar official" status, so it is not easy to abolish it.

Many of the guards of the "Nuer Gandu Division" were set up along the Ussuri River and the Heilongjiang River, because the river was the main transportation route at that time.

However, since the middle of the "Chenghua", there are no longer activities of the "Nuer Gandu Division" organization, indicating that the imperial court no longer intends to continue to support "idlers". Since then, the relevant affairs of the "Nuergan" area have been directly interrogated and managed by the "Liaodong Metropolitan Division".

Moreover, at this time, "Nu'er Gan" had a geographical concept similar to the "Western Regions" of the Han and Tang Dynasties, such as the above just mentioned, Wanli's "Daming Huidian" records, "Nu'er Gandu Division, Wei 384, Soo 24, Station 7, Ground 7, Zhai 1." This is not to say that there is a local organization called "Nuer Gandu Division" to manage here, but the Ming Dynasty still called this piece "Nuer Gandu Division", which is just the concept of the Ming Dynasty's fetter system in the Northeast.

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