Chapter 343: All sides are shaken, and the Jurchens surrender

Last time, it was mentioned that after the Ming army swept the Liao land in a short period of time, it once again reset the "Nuer Gandu Division", and resumed production while reclaiming the garrison.

"Lord Inspector, the leaders of the tribes in Liaodi have already joined the imperial court, do you want to further restrain them?" After half a year of hard work, many generals under Yuan Chonghuan led their respective Ming armies to rebuild the "guard posts" in Liaodi, which were gradually abandoned after the Wanli Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, so they wondered.

"Haha, of course. Restraining them is just to calm the hearts of the people and help our court speed up the process of 'sinicization'. Yuan Chonghuan smiled and said: "Pass the order, let the leaders of all large and small tribes enter the account to discuss matters, and this court has a task to give to them." If you don't come, you will bear the consequences. ”

Soon after the order was issued, the envoys (representatives) of the various tribes in Liaodi, who had already come to the camp of the Ming army to listen to the reality, rushed in one after another, and when they saw Yuan Chonghuan sitting on the main seat, and the other generals were seated on the left and right, these envoys of the large and small tribes had no choice but to stand or sit, and became uneasy.

"I've seen the Overseer! You invited the little people into the big tent, and you don't know what to command? Many of these envoys were brothers, brothers, sons, nephews and other aristocratic members of the leaders of various tribes, and there were men, women, and children, which opened Yuan Chonghuan's eyes, so he smiled and said: "There are good things to explain." ”

"A good thing? I don't know what the Overseer means......" After everyone heard this, the original nervous mood gradually settled down, and they watched the change.

"Don't hide it, Liaodi has just been pacified, and all kinds of waste are waiting to be revived!" Yuan Chonghuan pointed out: "But the court's care for the tribes is obvious to all, and the rewards for the leaders of the tribes are also carried out at the same time. However, after all, Liaodi is a bitter cold place, and if you want to maintain long-term stability, you must change the production and operation model. ”

"The Inspector is high, and his subordinates think so!" The generals under his command, who were originally still majestic, also echoed at this moment.

"Someone! Throne! Look at the tea! Yuan Chonghuan looked around at everyone with a smile, and asked the guards to send stools and chairs to the generals, envoys of various ministries, and chiefs, and then presented steaming fragrant tea by the way: "Everyone, this hospital has a few suggestions for you, and you must listen to them!" ”

"Oh? Dare to ask the Inspector, what is the suggestion? My subordinates want to hear about it, too! The generals in the tent seem to worship Yuan Chonghuan very much, because he can fight.

"Although the Liao land is bitter and cold, it is not barren, and there are countless kinds of products, if it can be transported to the customs to be sold, it will be very popular, and after earning the silver of white flowers, you can buy the grain, cloth, silk, tea, salt, porcelain and even all kinds of metal to make exquisite utensils, everything, enjoy it, isn't it happy? The key is to just solve the shipping problem. Therefore, it was originally thought that the tribes such as Er could form their own caravans to enter the customs and trade. ”

"Haha/quack/cluck/hehe/hee/hee/chatter...... The Inspector is from a high position, and I'm afraid I have a lot of ideas about how to govern Liaodi, right? ”

"Haha, I don't dare to be a high-level building, this hospital is just throwing stones and asking for directions." Yuan Chonghuan sat on the main seat, stroked his long beard, and looked around at the crowd: "I don't know what everyone here thinks about this next?" Can they all be brought up at the same time? After all, 'the stones of other mountains can be used to attack jade'? We are glad to see this happen. ”

"Lord Inspector, the villain thinks that the previous 'post station' and 'sea transportation' can be restored, after all, Liaodi also relies on the sea, and it is cheaper to build a ship by sea."

"Haha, good! This plan works, please continue! Yuan Chonghuan looked at the envoys of the large and small tribes from all over Liaodi, and saw that they were staring at each other, and couldn't help laughing: "The Haixi Jurchen tribes are close to the sea, so they can give full play to the advantages of shipping. And the 'Beishan Jurchen' (savage Jurchen) may have to work a little harder. ”

The "Savage Jurchens" were one of the three major tribes of the "Jurchens" during the Ming Dynasty in China. The Jurchens of the Ming Dynasty were divided into three parts: "Jianzhou", "Haixi", and "Savage".

Among them, the "Savage Jurchen" area is the northernmost, mainly distributed in the north and east of Haixi (now east of the Songhua River) and the northeast of the "Jianzhou Jurchen", compared with the later Chinese maps, including the middle reaches of the Songhua River, the Heilongjiang River and the Ussuri River basin, and the east reaches the coast of Okhotsk and Sakhalin Island in Russia.

Another theory is that the "Jurchens" are divided into four major parts, including the above three and the "Heilongjiang Jurchen". The "Savage Jurchens" is the official term of the Ming Dynasty, which is actually composed of several tribal groups, one of which is the "East China Sea Jurchen" who inhabited the Songhua River and Ussuri River basins and the coastal areas east of them.

According to the Records of Emperor Taizu Gao of the Qing Dynasty, the "Jurchens of the East China Sea" were divided into the "Wuji Division", the "Varkha Division" and the "Kurkha Division". "Woji Department" is also known as "Woji Department" and "Udiha". And the "Kurkha Department" is also called "Huerkha", "Huercrotch", "Huliha". The development of these tribes lagged behind the "Jianzhou Jurchens" and "Haixi Jurchens". During the thirty years from 1596 to 1625, Nurhachi's "Jianzhou Jurchens" sent troops to conquer the "savage Jurchens" many times.

Some of them did not integrate into the Manchus, but formed the Hezhen and Oroqen tribes. It also fused with an ancient Asiatic people, such as the Nevkh (Ezo people), and lived in the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia, which was called the "Wandering Ghost Country" by the Central Plains Dynasty during the Tang Dynasty because of the ugly appearance of its tributaries.

Before the 16th century, the Jurchen tribes living south of the Outer Xing'an Mountains and north of the Heilongjiang River and the "Jurchens of the East China Sea" were commonly known as the "Savage Jurchens". Among them, the Jurchens living near the Outer Khing'an Mountains are called "Beishan Jurchens", the Jurchens living in the Jingqili River valley are called "Solon Tribe", and the Jurchens living in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains area are called "Niyahabu". However, the "Feiyaka Division" belongs to the "Jurchens of the East China Sea" and operates in the Ussuri River basin.

The "Kurkha Department" belongs to the "Jurchen of the East China Sea" and lives in the Hunchun area of Jilin in later generations; "Huerhabu" belongs to the "Jurchen of the East China Sea", and lives in the Ning'an area of Heilongjiang Province in the later generations; "Wudihabu" belongs to the "Jurchen of the East China Sea" and lives in the Yilan area of Heilongjiang Province in later generations;

The "Nimacha Division" belonged to the "Jurchens of the East China Sea" and lived in the Amursk area of Russia in later generations; The "Woji Division" belonged to the "East China Sea Jurchens" and lived east of the Shikhot Mountains in later Russia; The "Sui Branch" belongs to the "Jurchen of the East China Sea" and lives around Xingkai Lake; The "Kuwubu" also belonged to the "Jurchens of the East China Sea" and lived on Sakhalin Island in later Russia. Although the living conditions of these Jurchens were very primitive, it did not prevent them from interacting with the outside world.

However, some people in later generations insisted that there were no eight tribes in the Northeast "Jurchen", but only three tribes, namely "Jianzhou Jurchen", "Haixi Jurchen", and "East China Sea Jurchen". These three tribes also fought against each other in order to compete for living space, but they still had the strongest strength in the "Jianzhou Jurchen".

As early as the Yuan Dynasty, the ancestors of the "Jianzhou Jurchens" originally lived in the confluence of the Mudanjiang River and the Songhua River, and were the tribal people (tribal members) of the two "ten thousand households" of "Huligai" (i.e., "Udegai people") and "Hutuo Pian", and their Mongolian chieftains were "Aha Chu" and "Mengge Timur", which were later attached to the Ming Dynasty.

During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522-1566), the ancestors of the "Jianzhou Jurchen" scattered and lived near the "Jianzhou Wei" in the northeast of Liaodong, that is, to the east of the "Fushun Pass" in the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, the "Haixi Jurchens" were scattered in the area north of the "Kaiyuan City" of the Ming Dynasty.

At that time, the Ming Dynasty set up three local military administrative institutions in their new settlements, namely, the "Jianzhou Wei" in the "third year of orthodoxy", the "Jianzhou Left Guard" in the "fifth year of orthodoxy", and the "Jianzhou Right Guard" in the seventh year of orthodoxy.

Of course, some people say that the "Jianzhou Jurchen" was also a "savage Jurchen" before "Fancha", but after the "Chenghua Plough Court", the "Jianzhou Jurchen" was "domesticated".

At the beginning, after the death of the Mongolian "Mengge Timur", the ancestor of the "Jianzhou Jurchen", the "Jianzhou Left Guard" was in the hands of his younger brother "Fancha", but the Mengge Timur had a son named "Dong Shan". The name of Dong Mountain is a transliteration, also known as Chongshan and Tongcang. Dong Shan had three sons: Tu Luo, Tu Yimo, and Xibao Qi Zhanggu.

As for Nurhachi's father is Takshi, Takshi's father is Jue Chang'an, Jue Chang'an's father is Fuman, and Fuman's father is Xibao Qi Zhanggu. Therefore, "Dong Shan" is the "fifth ancestor" of Nurhachi, and "Nurhachi" is "wild boar skin" in "Tungusic language" (Manchu and Mongolian lingua franca).

In the fifth year of orthodoxy in the Ming Dynasty (1440 AD), Fan Cha, Dong Shan and others of the "Jianzhou Left Guard" led their tribes to move to the side of "Li Manzhu", the leader of the "Jianzhou Guard", in order to avoid the invasion of the "savage Jurchen", and lived with them in the Sukesu Moat River Valley, but they were temporarily peaceful.

"Fancha" was the uncle of "Dong Shan", but after the death of "Meng's brother Timur", the two had been "fighting for the leader of the left guard of Jianzhou". Therefore, in order to appease them, the Ming Dynasty set up the "Jianzhou Right Guard", which was led by Dong Shan. Because the uncle and nephew were both the "governors and governors" of the Ming Dynasty, the "Jianzhou Jurchen" was forcibly split into three parts: "Jianzhou Wei", "Jianzhou Left Guard", and "Jianzhou Right Guard", which is the fundamental origin of the "Jianzhou Three Guards".

Later, the Ming Dynasty opened the "horse market" at the request of Dong Shan, that is, "at the request of Dong Shan, the special opening of the 'Fushun Pass' was set up for Jianzhou." The above description is contained in the "Pre-Qing Dynasty Chronicle". However, Liaodong is bitterly cold, there is no output, and the people of Sanwei live in difficulty, even if they open a mutual market, they are still poor.

What can I do if I am poor and crazy? Only to rob, where to rob? In the north, there is a sworn enemy "Savage Jurchen", which is poorer than Jianzhou, and in the west is Mongolia that is more ruthless than the Jurchen, and it is more capable of fighting than Jianzhou, so there is only the Ming Dynasty in the south, which is both rich and easier to rob than Mongolia, just like Nurhachi did hundreds of years later.

As a result, the Jianzhou Jurchens entangled other tribes, successively killed and plundered tens of thousands of border people in Liaodong of the Ming Dynasty, and robbed countless belongings of the Han people. According to the "Jianyi Examination", it is said: "Dong Shan corrects Mao Lian, Haixi Zhuyi, and there is no void moon in stealing the border." "In the second year of Chenghua (1466) and the third year of Chenghua, the Jurchens of Jianzhou were invaded year after year. In the third year of Chenghua, from January to March, and even invaded twice in a row, Deng Zuo, the "commander of the Ming Dynasty", was killed in an ambush in the battle.

Emperor Zhu Jianshen of the Ming Dynasty was a hawkish monarch, how could he endure the barbarians? So he issued an edict: "Smash its nest and eliminate its species." Note that the words "absolutely its kind" are basically "Massacre Order", which shows how tough Zhu Jianshen is? He's going to slaughter to get rid of the aftermath forever!

Therefore, Zhu Jianshen of the Ming Xian Sect sent "Wu Jingbo" Zhao Fu to lead 50,000 troops, and the troops were divided into three ways to suppress the coalition forces of the "Jianzhou Jurchen" tribes, and at the same time, Zhu Jianshen, Emperor of Chenghua, also ordered the "vassal state" Korea to also send troops to help encircle and suppress the Jurchens, because these Jurchens were raised as "white-eyed wolves" because they got the benefits of the imperial court.

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