Chapter 348: Reaction of the Desert Steppe Ministries (3)

Last time, I said that after the "Dayan Khan" led the army to invade the "Ming Dynasty" and failed miserably, he found that the Ming Dynasty was not vulnerable, so he decided to take a long-term view and delay it.

In the late Ming Dynasty, the Mongol tribes who were not descendants of "Dayan Khan" mainly included Oirat (Warat), Korqin and Duoyan Sanwei. The "Vala" part of Mongolia is also called "Oirat" Mongolia. These four tribes have formed an alliance three times against the "Dayan Khan" who came from the "Tatars", of which the second and third are the greatest.

The Second Walla Alliance was formed in the early 15th century, including Huite, Balhuti, Kuriati, Batut, Zhuros and other tribes, among which the famous nobles were Mahamu, Tuhuan, Taiping, Zhuxiaoluo, Yexian, etc., and the emperors of the Ming Dynasty also gave them corresponding "titles".

After taking the leadership of Oirat (Vala), the strength developed quickly, and finally in the hands of his son Yexian, Warat defeated the Tatars and unified the east and west Mongolia, in 1453, the "Warat Taishi" also became the "Great Yuan Dynasty Heavenly Sage Great Khan", the scenery is infinite.

He was born in 1407 and died in 1454. Later generations of Qing Dynasty people have translated their names as "Esen" or "Monks". In the edict of the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, it was called "the chief soldier of Waradu answered the big boss of the king of Huai, the chief of the wardu".

"Yexian" is a native of the Mongolian Warat tribe, that is, the "Oirat Mongol", and the grandson of the leader of Warat, Mahamu, and the son of Tuhuan. After the death of Tuhuan in the fourth year of orthodoxy in the Ming Dynasty (1439 AD), his son also took the throne, annexed the Mongolian tribes, and coerced the Mongol Khan to take off without flowers, using military conquest, feudal officials, marriage and alliances, etc., to win over and conquer the surrounding tribes, resulting in "Mobei is thousands of miles from east to west, and no one dares to resist it", and the strength is very prosperous!

In addition, "Yexian" also used the "Wuliangha Sanwei" and "Shazhou" guards as the left and right wings, and formed a strong political power in the north to fight against the Ming court. By the middle of the 15th century, the "Yexian" power reached the upper reaches of the Irtysh River in the west, the west of the Angela River in the north, the upper reaches of the Yenisei River in the north, the lower reaches of the Krulun River and the Hulunbuir grassland in the east, thousands of miles from north to south, nearly 10,000 miles from east to west, even compared with the Ming Dynasty in the south, it is not inferior at all!

In the fourteenth year of the orthodoxy of the Ming Dynasty (1449), "Yexian" captured Zhu Qizhen of Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty in the "Battle of Tumubao". Later, after the two sides negotiated peace, Yingzong was returned by him. This was the case with Warat. In the first year of Jingtai of the Ming Dynasty (1450 AD), the edict of the emperor of the Ming Dynasty called him "the central prime minister of the general army of Waradu, the Taishi of the Han Taishi, the king of Huai". In the second year of Jingtai (1451), he also sent troops to defeat the Tokhtar Buhua Khan.

In the summer and autumn of the fourth year of Jingtai (1453), "Yexian" established himself as the "Mongolian Khan", called the "Great Yuan Tiansheng Great Khan", and named the second son as "Taishi", and the founding year was "Tianyuan", and regarded himself as the successor of the "Emperor Yuan", clearly wanting to restore the situation of the "Yuan Dynasty" to dominate the world by force.

This move was also an attempt to break the traditional Mongolian concept that "non-golden clans cannot be called Khan", and became the first and only great khan in Mongolian history who was not from a golden clan. However, "Yexian" was desolate in wine, and he was arrogant, causing his people to become more and more centrifugal and scattered, laying the groundwork for defeat.

Later, "Yexian" was attacked and killed by his subordinate Arazhiin. Of course, there are other theories, such as the fact that "Yexian" was defeated by the Tatar army led by "Dayan Khan" and then fled, and was killed by Baguo, the son of Buku Solsun. After the death of "Yexian", Warat also gradually declined, and was finally conquered by the Tatars.

However, before the assassination of "Yexian" for usurping the position of the Great Khan, he gave his eldest son, Bolonahal, the power of the Dulbert department. Of course, the second son, Ashi Timur, also successfully obtained the command of the Dzungar Department. But as soon as he died, Walla was quickly torn apart.

The tribesmen of the Warat tribe (the small nobles and the vast number of herdsmen under their rule) scattered and fled, some to the northern foot of the Tianshan Mountains, Hetao, Hami, Qinghai, and some to the western part of the Altai Mountains and the upper reaches of the Ob River, and even fell silent for a hundred years. Despite this, Warat still attacked the Tatars from time to time, and in the Chenghua period alone, the second son of the first son, Ashu Timur, led an army of 40,000 to attack the Tatars repeatedly, forcing the Tatar Maori children not to dare to cross the Yellow River.

After the partition of the "Dayan Khan", the Uliangha tribe on his left flank gradually controlled the northern part of the desert such as Holin, and Warat had to turn to the western part of the desert for development. In the early period of the Jiajing Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, the Khalkha Wanhu annexed the Wuliang Hawanhu and attacked Wara after controlling Mobei. The 30,000 Mongol households on the right flank of the "Dayan Khan", led by Altan Khan, attacked Warat through the "Hamiwei", but the two sides still often met with each other. After the death of Altan Khan, the three Khalkha tribes and Warat continued to fight each other.

In the 50s of the 16th century, the third "Oirat Alliance" was formed, including the departments of Heshut, Huite, Zhuros, Dulbert, Turgot, Batut and Balhu, because the Heshute Department was the "golden family", so the leader of the Ministry was Bobemir and our father and son successively led the Oirat Department.

From the late 70s to the mid-80s of the 16th century, the Khalkha trilogy once ruled Warat. Although Vala became independent soon afterward, the Khalkha chieftains still had suzerainty over Warat. At this time, due to its remote location, the Warat Department was gradually divided into four divisions: Dzungaria, Dulbert, Turgot, and Heshuot. From 1620 to 1640, the Dzungar tribe began to replace the Heshute tribe and became the leader of the four Oirat tribes.

At this time, due to pressure from the Khalkha Ministry, the Oirat Ministry had to move further west to Danan Siberia. At that time, the Turkuts were nomadic herders from the middle reaches of the Irtysh River and the Ishim River; Durbot was nomadic in the area from the left bank of the upper Irtysh River to Lake Yamesh; The Heshut tribe was nomadic on the right bank of the upper Irtysh River. As for the Harakula and Huit tribes of the Khura, they were nomadic in the area on the right bank of the upper Ob River.

In the early 17th century, the war between Khalkha and Oirat led to the scattering of Oirat tribes, some fled to Kuznetsk in the upper reaches of the Ob River, and some fled to the Om, Tara, Ishim and Tobol rivers in the middle reaches of the Irtysh River.

Most of the tribesmen of the Zoros tribe were scattered in the area south of the Omu River and Tara counties, and the boundaries of the various tribes were also disrupted, resulting in internal strife. This infighting had a greater impact on the Oirats than the war, and the Turkuts moved westward to the lower reaches of the Volga.

Tulubai Amber Khan, a nobleman of the Heshute tribe, was promoted to the "leader of the alliance" because of his meritorious role in mediating the conflicts between the tribes in the internal strife. In order to solve the contradictions between Oirat, Tatar and Russia, he decided to create another pastureland. As a result, the Oirat tribes chose the territory of the "Chagatai Houwang" north of the Tianshan Mountains.

Since then, the Oirat pastureland in people's impression has been transferred to the northern region of Xinjiang in the Western Regions, the most famous of which is the Dzungar Department.

Tulubaihu Khan later marched into Qinghai, defeated Tsangpa Khan, and gradually took control of all of Tibet, establishing the "Yellow Sect" as the dominant Lamaist sect, and he became known as "Gushi Khan". The Oirat tribe that remained in place joined forces with the Khalkha Ministry to compile the Khalkha-Oirat Code, which consolidated the nomadic feudal ruling order and alleviated the social contradictions between the various tribes of Moxi Mongolia at that time to a certain extent.

At this time, the Dulbert tribe grazed in the middle of the Irtysh River, and in the south the Hoshut and Zoros tribes. The Huites were nomadic in the Yuledus River valley. In 1653, Batur Hongtaiji of the Ross tribe died, and he became the queen. However, in 1670, after the monk was killed, his younger brother Galdan succeeded to the throne, and then set off a war against the emerging Qing Dynasty in the East for nearly a hundred years, and finally triggered Kangxi's three expeditions to Galdan, which was defeated and exterminated.

After the "Duoyan Sanwei" was set up in the early Ming Dynasty, there were always "pretending" Sanwei tributes until the "Apocalypse Year", but it had little to do with the original tribe.

At the beginning, the ruler of "Duoyanwei" was Delkuchaer, and during the Zhengde period, Huadang was quite powerful. The descendants of Huadang have always controlled the Duoyan Department and guided the left and right wings of the Mongols to invade the border, but with the eastward migration of the Chahar Department in 1547, the right-wing Halashen old general, the eldest son of Altan Khan, Xin Ai Huang Taiji, also expanded his influence to Duoyanwei, so that a small part of the descendants of Huadang took refuge in the Chahar Department, and most of them took refuge in the Xinai Huangtaiji Department, known as the "Thirty-six Families of the Halashen Department".

It was not until 1628 that Lin Dan Khan attacked the Halashen Division, and the remnants of the army defected to the emerging Qing Dynasty and became the pioneer of the Karaqin Banner. The other tribe and other tribes formed the Left Wing Banner of Eastern Tumut. The "Tainingwei" was wiped out during the eastward migration of the Chahar tribes, but the victor still used the identity of the loser to receive the reward.

During the Wanli period, the speedy chief, who had been pretending to be "Tainingwei", was actually a tribal chief of the left-wing Inner Khalkha. The situation of "Fuyuwei" is similar to that of Tainingwei, all of them are impersonated by the Inner Khalkha tribe, some of them think that it is the two departments of Trance Tai and Tumener, and some people say that it is the Horqin tribe that pretends to receive rewards.

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