It's hard to get started.

Liu Bang, known as a scoundrel, began his journey of governing the country, and the history of the emperor's profession was not long, and Liu Bang was the third person to find this kind of job.

What will it become, Liu Bang himself has no bottom in his heart. But he knows one thing very well, the common people are their own food and clothing, and they can't be offended no matter what.

Liu Bang came out of the common people, and he understands the thoughts of the working people very well, and the little people, as long as they have a piece of land to plant, do not worry about food and clothing, and do not have a heavy burden, they will definitely not rebel.

In order to resume production, Liu Bang issued an edict of amnesty, and those who had done it, including thieves and bandits, were not guilty, as long as they returned to their original places of residence, they were all sent to the fields. Officials should enforce the law in a civilized manner in accordance with the principle of giving priority to persuasion and education, supplemented by intimidation and inducement, and not taking action. For those who once had a knighthood, the title should be restored, and those who did not have a title and no household registration should be restored.

Liu Bang's measures have had a very good effect. Under the call of the new government, people who have left their hometowns and gathered to become bandits have returned to their hometowns one after another to participate in the construction of a new country and a new society with 100 times more enthusiasm. In order to increase the labor force, Liu Bang ordered the reduction of some troops, and the dismissed soldiers were dismissed and returned to their hometowns.

If you are a person who pays attention to the history of the Han Dynasty, you will come across a recurring word, Han Cheng Qin system.

The Qin Dynasty was a short-lived dynasty, and it has been introduced many ****, but it is undeniable that the Qin Dynasty has made great contributions to history.

Mr. Wang Guowei, a master of modern Chinese studies, once said: China's 2,000-year-old government, Qin Zheng.

Most of the civil and military ministers in the early Han Dynasty came from the bottom of the society and had no experience in governing the country, so they could only copy the system of the Qin Dynasty.

In view of the violent rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty, in terms of political system, the Han Dynasty did not follow the comprehensive county system of the Qin Dynasty, nor did it adopt the complete feudal system of the Zhou Dynasty, but implemented the hybrid system of parallel counties and counties of the kingdom. Within a country, there are both kingdoms and counties, and the kingdom can cross counties, with a status above the county, and a county under the county. The big county is called the order, the small county is called the chief, there is a township under the county, and the township is the li, which is the most basic administrative unit, and a kiosk is set up every ten miles as an organ to maintain local law and order and upload and distribute.

Let's talk about the official position system of the Han Dynasty.

The official system of the Han Dynasty basically followed the Qin Dynasty's Zhilu system - the system of three dukes and nine secretaries. The three dukes include the head of the hundred officials, the prime minister who manages the affairs of the country, the captain who is in charge of the army, and the imperial historian who is in charge of supervision. Jiuqing has Fengchang who is in charge of the temple sacrifices, Lang Zhongling who is in charge of the palace guards, the guard who is in charge of the palace gate guards, the servant who is in charge of the royal chariots and horses, the court lieutenant who is in charge of the criminal law, the pawn who is in charge of ethnic affairs, the Zongzheng who is in charge of the affairs of the royal family, the internal history of the Su in charge of finance, and the Shaofu who is in charge of the taxation of mountains, seas and lakes and the procurement of royal life.

The heads of each department are equipped with auxiliary officers, which are called each Cao and have a division. The official position is denoted by stone (dan). The stone indicates a number of stone millet per year, and each stone is 120 catties (about 41 kilograms now).

The rank of the Han Dynasty can be divided into four grades: more than 2,000 stones, more than 600 stones, more than 200 stones, and less than 200 stones. With the exception of the three dukes, the central officials and the county guards belong to the first rank.

The three dukes, the princes and kings are not within the ranks, the three dukes are known as ten thousand stones, and the monthly salary is three hundred and fifty stones. The princes and kings, and the marquis of Che collected taxes directly in the feudal country.

Although the number of stones is used to indicate the rank, it is not all given to the grain, but the money and grain are distributed, which is a very humane system. In the early Han Dynasty, the kingdom could privately mint copper coins, resulting in a flood of copper coins, inflation from time to time, currency depreciation, and rising prices.

When the money is paid, the conversion rate between the grain money is fixed, so when the price of food rises, the official income actually depreciates.

During the Western Han Dynasty, a bucket of rice was generally about ten dollars per year. According to this conversion, the monthly salary of the third prince is about 700,000 yuan, and the monthly salary of the county order ranges from 72,000 yuan to 140,000 yuan.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the annual salary of a first-class official was only 124 taels of silver and 186,000 yuan!

It can be seen that the officials of the Western Han Dynasty are very rich, and the so-called ********, the officials of the Han Dynasty are better than the descendants, not without reason.

Let's talk about the title system of the Han Dynasty.

The Han Dynasty continued to use the twentieth rank of the Qin Dynasty, and unlike the Qin Dynasty, the title of the Qin Dynasty was awarded to those who made meritorious contributions, while the Han Dynasty did not necessarily have any merit to obtain the title. For example, even if you live at home every day, one day suddenly there is a beating of gongs and drums outside: the sky is dry and foggy, and the Son of Heaven gives the people a lord. Then you have to get out quickly, or you're going to suffer.

It is not uncommon for the common people to get a knighthood, but when they get the title, they will still be happy, because when they give the knighthood, they can often get some pork, cloth and other living materials.

The titles of the Han Dynasty were divided into official lords and civil lords. This title is called a knighthood. The title that can be obtained by sleeping at home is a civil lord, and the listener has a share, except for the good sound, there is not much benefit.

The princes and kings, the marquis of Che do not belong to the knighthood, belong to the knighthood, the knighthood enjoys a high political status, has a fief, can place an official office, the title is hereditary, and the food and clothing rent tax. The title was originally given to princes with different surnames, but later it could only be obtained by the children of the royal family.

At the same time, in order not to treat their daughters badly, the emperors gave them fiefdoms, called Tang Muyi, and all other rights were referred to the vassal states except for the small place.

From the first level to the eighth level, the civil lord has a public officer, a Shangzao, a hairpin, a non-change, a doctor, an official doctor, a public doctor, and a public ride. The prerequisite for obtaining a civil lord is that there must be a major event, such as the marriage of the royal family, the enthronement of the crown prince, the famine, auspiciousness, etc., of course, it ultimately depends on the emperor's impulse to give alms.

The officials include the five doctors, the left chief, the right chief, the left watch, the middle watch, the right watch, the less Shangzao, the big Shangzao, the chariot chief, the big chief, the Guannei Hou, and the Che Hou. The main reason for obtaining the knighthood is military merit, so ordinary people cannot obtain the knighthood.

The people and the lords are all titles, but the treatment is very different. Fourth-level civil lords can be exempted from part of the labor, and fifth-level and above can be said to have nothing to do, and there are not many benefits. The benefits of the officials are much greater, including commutation, atonement, exemption, and even sometimes deduction of personal taxes.

Under normal circumstances, a civil lord cannot be promoted to a knight, and if he is higher than the eighth rank, he must transfer his relatives. Some people have been mixed all their lives, and if they are lucky enough to get to the eighth level, if they just catch up with the emperor to give the knight, they will become the ninth level and be promoted to the rank of official. But it's a pity that there is no such good pie in the world, and the ruling class has long thought of countermeasures, and they stipulated, I'm sorry, food and clothing, parents, if there is an extra level, either transfer it to relatives, or treat it as if there is no such thing. The eighth-level cap, more refunds will not be made up.

At the same time, the government forbade any private business of reselling the title, so the common people could not make a profit by selling the title.

There is another way to get a knighthood, to buy a knighthood. As long as you have money and the desire to add some façade to your family, you can spend money to buy it, but later, the title is so flooded that no one wants to buy it.

Now when we talk about selling an official, it is easy to think of the derogatory term of selling an official mantle. In fact, it is derogatory to put it together, and it doesn't matter if it's good or bad when you look at it alone. It is like a treasury bill issued by the state, and the state sells honor for the purpose of raising funds for construction. As long as you don't sell your official position, there is no harm to the country. Nowadays, people buy treasury bills to earn interest, while the ancients who only bought knights and not officials to obtain higher social status, and the reason is the same.

Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was the first to sell the lord and implemented the worship of the lord. In order to alleviate financial difficulties, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty specially set up the eleventh level of martial arts, clearly marked the price, paid money with one hand, and made a book with the other.

Of course, in the era of peace and prosperity, the opening of the business of selling lords is not permanent, it depends on whether the emperor's pockets are bulging or not.

The Han Dynasty established the policy of agriculture and poor merchants, that is, the policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce. At that time, people thought that merchants were cunning people who did not work for nothing. Therefore, Liu Bang also established the ancestral precept that businessmen cannot be officials, which became the first major economic policy for thousands of years, and it was not until the Qing Dynasty that this policy was broken by red-top merchants.

Another system worth paying attention to is the etiquette system of the Han Dynasty, which was quite difficult to create.

Liu Bang is a bold person, when he first ascended the throne, he thought that the etiquette system of the Qin Dynasty was cumbersome, and simply abolished the etiquette of the Qin Dynasty.

Liu Bang has been busy in Luoyang Nangong for a few months, and various policies have been promulgated, and with miraculous results, he can finally find time to feast on his ministers.

Most of the heroes and generals are rough people, a few bowls of wine in the stomach, some roll up their sleeves, shout loudly, open their mouths and close their mouths When Lao Tzu hit back then, when he talked about the happy place, he pulled out his sword and compared it, and some of them cried when he talked about the sad place. Liu Bang saw that the ministers were staggering, and each took care of his own words.

Originally, Liu Bang himself was also an alcoholic, and he had done a lot of drunken and crazy things when he was young, but at this moment, sitting on the emperor's throne, he began to feel very uncomfortable in his heart, he frowned, but didn't say anything.

Although Liu Bang only frowned, someone noticed his abnormality, and he keenly realized that his opportunity was coming soon, and this benevolent brother was Dr. Shusun Tong.

Although he saw the signal from Liu Bang's frowning, he didn't rush to admonish, the new dynasty has a lot of things to do, these heroes and generals, including Liu Bang, have been fighting for a long time after nine deaths, and they can't hold back and want to indulge for a while, and now they go to admonish, maybe it will disturb their interest, only when Liu Bang can't bear it that is the time for him to do a big job, as long as his value can be reflected at that time, so he decided to continue to wait. He didn't have nothing to do while waiting, he had been brewing the various etiquette systems of the new dynasty, just waiting for Liu Bang to give an order when he was very unhappy.

Sure enough, a year later, Liu Bang couldn't bear it anymore, the ministers quarreled and shouted every time they arrived at the court meeting, indulging in wine and fighting for merit, he, the emperor, had no prestige at all, even if he slapped the table and stared at the beads, the heroes and generals didn't take it seriously, they drank wine and still got on fire, and when they got on fire, they directly found someone to scold, and if they couldn't win, they directly opened their clothes to reveal their scars, and counted them to others. Every time the crowd was arguing, Liu Bang's face became ugly.

Seeing that the opportunity had come, the uncle and grandson duly suggested that Liu Bang order the formulation of the etiquette system of the new dynasty. Liu Bang, who was used to being carefree, couldn't wait to approve it at this time.

Uncle Sun Tong got the order, so he ran non-stop to Ludi to recruit Confucian scholars to practice the court, two of them despised Uncle Sun Tong's behavior of taking refuge everywhere, and would rather die. Shusun Tong only threw down the word rotten Confucianism. Pay attention to these two words, nerds who die reading in the future will generally be scolded like this.

In order to create a set of etiquette that is not cumbersome and can reflect the emperor's majesty, Shusun Tong referred to ancient etiquette, including pre-Qin etiquette, and spent one month to create a set of etiquette systems that have been used in China for thousands of years.

In 200 B.C., after the completion of Changle Palace, the Han Dynasty used the etiquette system created by Shusun Tong for the first time at the New Year's court, which received miraculous results. At the court meeting, the ministers were all respectful, and those who stepped on the wrong step, did the wrong position, arranged the wrong order, and made loud noises would be driven out of the palace gate.

Liu Bang was very satisfied, he felt the majesty of being an emperor for the first time. As a result, Shusun Tong was appointed as Taichang, and his disciples were all appointed as Lang officials.

It should be said that Shusun Tong has made great contributions to the development of Han culture, and many of the etiquette systems he founded are still used by us today.

For example, now it is often said that there should be a sitting phase and a standing phase, and our ancestors of the Han Dynasty set standards for learning to ensure authenticity according to the standards of the Han Dynasty.