801, the righteousness of the Son of Heaven is the second

The correct code of conduct for the Son of Heaven must be to take the Dharma of heaven and earth purely, and to learn from the laws of the ancient holy kings. The correct code of conduct for ordinary people must respect the teachings of their parents and follow the rules and guidance of the king. Therefore, even if there are wise monarchs in the world, they cannot be used without first educating and training the people.

In ancient times, to educate the people, it was necessary to first determine the ethical norms for the noble and the lowly, so as to ensure that the noble and the inferior would not invade each other. Do: Virtue and righteousness do not cross each other, people with skills will not be buried, and people who are brave and strong will not dare to disobey orders. In this way, everyone will work hard in one place and think in one place. In ancient times, the etiquette and laws of the imperial court were not used in the army, and the rules and regulations of the army were not used in the imperial court, so virtue and righteousness would not exceed each other. The monarch respects those who do not boast about themselves, because those who do not boast of themselves are the precious talents that the monarch needs. Obviously, if a person can do it without self-promotion, it shows that he has no luxuries, and without luxuries, he will certainly not compete for fame and fortune. If the court listens to their opinions on major matters, it will definitely be able to grasp the real situation; If we listen to their opinions on military affairs, we will certainly be able to properly handle various problems. In this way, talented people will not be buried. If obedience to orders is the highest reward for a soldier, and disobedience is the highest punishment for a soldier, then those who have courage will not dare to disobey orders. After these educations have been given to the population, they are carefully selected and appointed. If all affairs are properly handled, then officials at all levels will also fulfill their duties. If the content of education is concise and easy to learn, then the people will be eager to learn and motivated. Once a habit is formed, the people will act in accordance with it. That's the best in education.

In ancient warfare, it was not too far to chase and defeat the defeated enemy, and it was not close to chase the enemy who took the initiative to retreat. If you are too far away, you will not be easy to be deceived by the enemy, and if you do not approach, it will not be easy to fall into the ambush of the enemy. With the etiquette system as the norm, the army can be consolidated; With charity as the purpose, we will be able to overcome our enemies. After the war is won, it can be carried out by the indoctrination of the people. Therefore, the virtuous king attaches great importance to this method.

During the Yu Shun era, the oath was held in the national capital, which was to make the people understand the decision to support the monarch; The Xia Dynasty held a swearing-in ceremony in the army, which was to make the troops mentally prepared in advance; During the Yin Shang period, the oath was held outside the military gate, which was to let the troops know the combat intentions in advance so that they could carry out operations; The Zhou Dynasty held an oath on the eve of the confrontation between the two armies, which was to inspire the soldiers' will to fight.

The monarchs of the Xia Dynasty relied on benevolence and virtue to uphold the world and did not use force, so the types of weapons at that time were not complicated; Yin Shang seized the world with righteousness and began to use force; The Zhou Dynasty seized the world by force, so they used all kinds of weapons.

The Xia Dynasty gave rewards to the imperial court, which was to encourage good people; The Shang Dynasty carried out slaughter in the bazaar, which was to make the bad people fearful; The Zhou Dynasty rewarded the court and killed in the bazaar, which was to exhort the good and fear the bad. The essence of the spirit of the three kings encouraging people to change evil into good is completely identical.

If weapons are not mixed with weapons, they will not be powerful. Long weapons are used to cover short weapons, while short weapons are used to approach combat defenses. If the weapon is too long, it will be difficult to use, and if it is too short, it will not be able to hit the enemy. If it is too light, it will be fragile, and if it is fragile, it will be easy to break; If it's too heavy, it's not sharp, and if it's not sharp, it's useless.

The military car, called the Jun car in the Xia Dynasty, pays attention to the stability of the drive; In the Yin Dynasty, it was called Yinche, focusing on the speed of action; In the Zhou Dynasty, it was called Yuan Rong, and it paid attention to the sophistication of the structure. The banner, the Xia Dynasty used black, to take its might like holding a human head; Yin used white instead, and took its whiteness like the heavenly dome; The Zhou Dynasty used yellow to make it as thick as the earth. The coat of arms, marked by the sun and moon in the Xia Dynasty, means light; The Yin Dynasty was marked by a tiger, a symbol of might; The Zhou Dynasty was marked by the dragon and embodied the literary style.

If the army is too majestic, morale will be suppressed; On the other hand, if there is a lack of majesty, it is difficult to command the soldiers to defeat the enemy. The monarch is called too majestic when he uses military force improperly, when officials are not appointed, when skilled people cannot play their role, when goods such as cattle and horses cannot be used reasonably, and when those in charge are domineering and forced people to obey. Too much majesty, and morale will be suppressed. The monarch does not respect the virtuous and trusts the wicked, does not respect the righteous and acts willfully and arrogantly, does not advocate obedience to orders but acquiesces in disobedience, and does not approve good deeds but indulges brutality, which inevitably leads to the abuse of the officials by the bad people, which is called lack of majesty. Without majesty, it is impossible to restrain and direct the soldiers to defeat the enemy.

In its actions, the first thing the military should pay attention to is to be calm and unhurried, and if it is not hurried, it will be able to maintain its combat effectiveness. Even when the battlefield is fighting, it is necessary to ensure that the infantry runs, the troop vehicles do not drive quickly, and the pursuit of the enemy does not overstep the ranks, so as not to disrupt the battle formation. The strength and stability of the army lies in not disrupting the deployment of ranks, not exhausting the strength of men and horses, and not exceeding the requirements of the instructions of the superiors.

In ancient times, the etiquette laws of the imperial court did not apply to the army, and the rules and regulations of the army did not apply to the imperial court. If the rules and regulations of the army were applied to the imperial court, then the politeness of the people would be wasted; On the other hand, if the etiquette laws of the imperial court were applied to the army, the morale of the troops would be weakened. Therefore, in the imperial court, it is necessary to speak elegantly and gently. In the imperial court, you should be respectful and humble, strict with yourself, and lenient with others. The monarch does not come unless he is summoned, and he does not speak without asking. The etiquette is solemn when entering the dynasty and the Jin dynasty, and the etiquette is simple when the next dynasty is dismissed. In the army, it is necessary to stand with the head held high; In the battle formation, it is necessary to act decisively. When wearing armor, you don't need to bow down when you meet a noble, you don't need to salute when you see a superior when you are riding in a military chariot, you don't need to walk in small steps to show respect when you are on duty in the city, and you can stand up when you are in danger without paying attention to the dignity of the elders and the young. Therefore, etiquette and law are the inside and outside of each other, and literature and martial arts are like a person's left hand and right hand, and they cannot be wasted.

In ancient times, the virtuous monarchs always showed the virtues of the people and encouraged the good deeds of the people. Therefore there is no corrupting of morals, and there is no adulterer who does not obey the law, and there is no need for reward, and there is no need for punishment. In the Yu Shun era, there was neither reward nor punishment, but the people were happy to be used by the monarch, which was the noblest rule of virtue. The Xia Dynasty used rewards instead of punishments, which is the most wonderful education. The Shang Dynasty only imposed punishments without rewards, which was the most powerful majesty. The Zhou Dynasty used both rewards and punishments, which shows that morality had been declining at that time. Do not overtime the reward, for the people may quickly receive the benefit of doing good; Penalties are to be imposed on the spot, so that the people can immediately see the harm of doing bad things. No rewards will be given after a great victory, so that no one at all levels will boast of his exploits. If the monarch does not boast of merit, he will not be proud; If officers and men do not boast about their merits, they will not compare themselves with each other. The top and bottom do not boast and compete for merit, like this, it can be said that humility is to the extreme. After a great defeat, you will not be killed, so that all levels will take the fault on themselves. If the monarch thinks that the fault lies with himself, he will repent and correct the mistake; If a subordinate thinks that the fault is on his side, he will definitely resolve not to make a similar mistake again. The courage to take mistakes like this is also the best culture of humility.

In ancient times, soldiers guarding the border would not be recruited within three years after one year of service, because they saw their hard work. This kind of mutual compassion and love between the upper and lower levels is the most harmonious expression. After winning the battle, a triumphant song is played, which is to express the feeling of joy. After the end of the war, a mourning platform was built to comfort the people, which means that rest and recuperation began from here.