833, Songtsen Gampo

"The child has no mother, it's a long story; The child has no father, and he talks a lot. ”

When Songtsen Gampo "resolutely exterminated the poisoners and made them extinct" to vent his resentment of killing his father, he began an armed war to conquer all the tribes and unify the plateau. At the same time as he used force, he adopted the method of surrendering mainly to Subi, and sent Lin Shangnang, an old minister of Subi who had served as the great minister of Tibet, to persuade him, so that "all the tribes of Subi do not need to send troops to conscript, just like the method of breeding sheep and leading a flock of sheep, and subduing them with tongue, sword, lips and guns." Do not lose the number of households, and all belong to the real gangsters. The submission of Subi made a crucial step forward in the cause of the Tubo people to unify the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Therefore, the "New Tang Dynasty Book" said that Subi was annexed by Tubo, called Sun Bo, "the largest in all parts, connected with Duomi in the east, and reckless in the west." The other part migrated eastward and established the Eastern Women's Kingdom in the northwestern part of Sichuan. After Subi returned to Tibet, he and the Tuyuhun people who later returned to Tibet became the strong backing of Tibet. The 692 tax collection of the sub-tribe checkpoint contained in the "Dunhuang Ben Tubo Historical Documents" is related to this.

Before and after the reconquest of the Subi tribe, Songtsen Gampo also re-brought the rebellious foreign relatives Yangtong (Zhangxiong) under his rule, and the Zhangzhung region was under the jurisdiction of Tubo when it was in Nanri Lunzan, that is, it was transferred to Tibet with the 20,000 households of Tibetan Bolu donated by Qiongbao Bangse (i.e., Suzi). Subsequently, Zhangxiong's Dabu first rebelled against the rule of Tibet, and Nanri Lunzan consulted with the great commentaries on the candidates for quelling the rebellion. ”

Between the death of Nanri Luntsen and the reconquest of the rebel tribes by Songtsen Gampo, Zhang-zhung also experienced a tortuous process from rebellion to submission to Tibet. Therefore, when Songtsen Gampo led his army north to attack Tuyuhun, Yangtong (Zhangxiong) was also among his followers. Regarding this matter, it is recorded in the "New Tang Dynasty Book: The Biography of Tubo". At that time, the two parties were still firmly in political alliance with each other through marriage. By 644, Zhangzhung revolted again, and Songtsen Gampo sent troops to "destroy Li Niexiu (li-s."

ya-shu

, also known as Li Mixia and Li Mi Nie), all the Zhangxiong tribes were brought under his rule and listed as gangsters. "He is the sister of Princess Zhangxiong and plays a certain role in it. According to the Dunhuang Documents, his sister Saimaga had been in consultation and contact with Songtsen Gampo on Zhangxiong's internal affairs, and finally asked someone to send him 30 large pine ear stones, suggesting that "if you dare to attack Li Mixia, you will wear this pine ear stone, and if you dare not attack, you will be as cowardly as a woman." "Songtsen Gampunai ordered, the monarch and the ministers hurriedly sent troops, and the Song of the Eastern Zanyu led the army to destroy Li Mixia. Zhangxiong is located in the western highlands of Tibet, and there is only a lake between the two, and the annexation of Zhangxiong completely removes the threat on the western defense line, so that Tubo can invade the east with peace of mind.

As mentioned above, Zhang-zhung (Yangtong) remained firmly under the control of the Tibetan Dynasty until the first half of the 8th century, and Yangtong's army was one of the main vanguard of the expansion of the Tibetan war. In 653, the Tibetan army and government had a military and political institution in Zhangxiong, and in 653, "the 'Kishimoto' of the elephant was the one of Bujinzan and Ma Qiang" (m

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-po

, Treasurer). In 662 and 675, two major expeditions were carried out against the males. Perhaps due to the endless economic extortion of the Tibetans and the dissatisfaction of the dispatch of personnel to the army, in 677, an armed rebellion against the Tibetans broke out in the Zhangxiong region. In 719, there was another collection of sheep and young soldiers.

After the Tubo annexed the headquarters of Subi and stabilized Zhangxiong, they immediately sent troops to the north to attack Dangxiang and Bailanqiang, and broke them. Its land is under the rule of Tibet, and a large part of its people are Tubo servants, known as "Miyao", that is, Muya (mi-

yag）。 The other part migrated to the Tang realm before and after the Tibetan attack on the party headquarters. "In the third year of Zhenguan, Zheng Yuanshou, the governor of Nanhui Prefecture (located in present-day Maowen, Sichuan), sent an envoy to summon him, and his (i.e., the party) chieftain was attached to the Ministry of Lai Ju, and Taizong descended the seal to comfort him. Bu Lai because of the coming of the court, the banquet is very generous, list its land as a rail state, worship Bu Lai as the history of the assassin, still please lead the department to ask for Tu Gu Hun. Subsequently, the chieftains of the surnames led the tribes to come to the internal subordinates, please make up the same household, Taizong comforted, listed its land as Min, Feng, Yan, and Yuan four states, and each worshiped its leader as the history of the thorn. After Tang Gaozong Longshuo (661~663), Tubo expanded the scale of eastward invasion, and there were black party items and Qiang tribes such as Baigou, Chungsang, and Bailan to submit to Tubo. After the Tubo occupied Hexi and Longyou, the Dangxiang people moved to present-day Ningxia and northern Shaanxi, and later established the Western Xia regime. In his poems and other literary works, he often recalls the homeland of his ancestors, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and one of them reads: "On the banks of the desert water in the stone city of Qianshou, on the white river of the red-faced ancestral tomb, the country of Gao Mi medicine is on the other side." ”

Conquered at the same time as Dangxiang and Bailan were Tuyuhun. At that time, the Tibetan envoy asked the Tang Dynasty for marriage, and there was a twist and turn in the story. It is said that as early as the time of Songtsen Gampo's grandfather, Dari Niansai, the Yalong Tubo people had an armed conflict with the Central Plains, and imported books and techniques such as medicine and calendrical calculations from the Central Plains. After Songtsen Gampo unified the plateau tribes, he once again faced the Tang Dynasty in the Central Plains.