Chapter 1: The Whip of God in the Sky Over China

Section 1 Overview of Wuhu

"Han", a word that carries the glorious history of China and makes us extremely proud and proud, has infinite meaning.

The stars are splendid, the Han is also the Milky Way. The Han in ancient texts generally refers to the Milky Way. So, how did Han become the ethnic name of the Han people in our 56 ethnic families? Is it because we are all from you in the stars?

Apparently not. The Han of the Han nationality is not from the Milky Way, but from a river on the earth.

From the southern foot of the Qinling Mountains in the territory of Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province, a river flows out, and a certain section in the east is called Hanshui. There is a city on the bank of the Han River, named after the Han River, called Hanzhong. In October 206 B.C., after an old man escaped from a dangerous banquet, he was enshrined here by the person who invited him to do the east, and was given the title of King of Hanzhong, ruling the land of Bashu and the area of Hanzhong. Four years later, this old man held an enthronement ceremony in Dingtao, Shandong, and became the emperor of a dynasty, and the country name was Han. After another 61 years, the great-grandson of the old Han succeeded to the throne, expanded the territory, and conquered the east and the west. Since then, the name of the Han people has begun to appear on the stage of history.

Seeing this, everyone must know that the dangerous banquet took place in Hongmen, on the outskirts of Xianyang, and the old man who escaped was Liu Bang, and his great-grandson, who was famous for martial arts, was naturally Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Hanshui - Hanzhong - Hanzhong King - Han Dynasty - Han Army - Han people, it can be said that the name Han nationality was born to protect the family and defend the country and expand the territory. Later, the Han people merged with their compatriots of some other nationalities to become the Han people today, and became a member of our great family of 56 nationalities.

The counterpart to "Han" is "Hu".

Hanshu. According to the Biography of the Xiongnu, when the Xiongnu sent an envoy to the Han Dynasty to submit their credentials, they said, "There is a great Han in the south, and there is a strong Hu in the north." Hu, the pride of the sky". It seems that this Shan Yu is quite proud of being called a Hu person. So, how much do you know about the word "Hu"? Let's take a look.

The character "Hu" is composed of "Gu" and "Yue". The "moon" here is actually a deformation of the word "meat", so the words related to animal limbs and internal organs are all radicals with the word "moon", such as legs, feet, arms, arms, waist, kidneys, spleen, lungs, liver, intestines, chest, intestines, gallbladder, cavity, slashing, etc., and there are very few directly with "meat" as the radical, only a few such as belly and cheek.

It is worth noting that the Chinese characters with the character "肉 (月)" as the radical are basically on the left or bottom, and the character "month" is on the right.

The original meaning of the word "Hu" refers to the piece of sagging meat on the neck of an adult cow. The older the cow, the more meat on the neck droops, the more obvious, so the age of the cow can be judged from the degree of meat sagging, so add a "ancient" word next to the word "month", and the word "Hu" can also be extended to ancient and longevity. Other animals, such as humans and cats, can be used to reflect their age with "whiskers", which gives rise to the word "whiskers".

The word "Hu" was later extended to the meat on the necks of all beasts, for example, in "The Legend of the Wolf of Zhongshan", there is "the front Yu Bahu, the back is afraid of the tail, and the three accept it but do not receive". The "hu" here refers to the meat under the wolf's mouth. Later, it was extended to the throat, and in "Promoting Weaving", there is "regard as an animal, cover your mouth and laugh", where "Hu" refers to the throat. Now the dialect of our generation in Weifang, Shandong Province, still calls the throat "Hu Lun". If you tell the idiom "囫囵 swallowing dates" to the elderly people who have not gone to school here, they will be confused with "Hu Lun swallowing dates", and the sound is exactly the same.

In short, the word "Hu" is associated with the flesh and hair near the neck of the beast. The higher the latitude of the earth, the higher the level of male hormone secretion, so most of the men of ethnic minorities in northern China have big beards. Therefore, the Han people called the ethnic minorities "Hu", with the connotation of contempt, and the words "Hulai", "nonsense", and "nonsense" also came into being.

If a person is called a scornful name, he or she will generally feel angry or humiliated at first, but gradually he will gradually accept it, and over time he will gradually get used to it, because the title is just a symbol over time. For example, the aforementioned Shan Yu, who calls himself "Hu Zhe, the pride of the sky", also has "Bao Heizi", "Ma Dajiao", "Sima Chuck" and so on. There is a classmate at Lao Wang's university level, nicknamed "poop", and over time, he himself has become accustomed to it.

There have always been many theories about the origin and branches of the Hu people in ancient China, and the controversy is also quite large.

1. Hun (hu

）

The nomadic people, who had the most fierce collision with China's agricultural civilization in history, "had the ambition to eat Hulu meat, laughed and thirsted for the blood of the Xiongnu", and the Xiongnu even became the name of China's ethnic minorities for a time.

The ancestors of the Xiongnu were the remnants of the Xia Dynasty, and their ancestral homes were southeast of the Altai Mountains, west of the Great Khing'an Mountains, south of the Mongolian steppe, northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and northwest of the Gobi Desert of the North China Plain.

The main body of the Xiongnu was wiped out by the Han people during the Eastern Han Dynasty, and some of them were attached to the Central Plains, and some of them later fled west to Europe and fought with the local Magyars

Fusion, constituting today's Hungarians. Attached to the Central Plains, they were eventually incorporated into the Cao Wei regime.

The Xiongnu left, and another ethnic group took over the old land of the Xiongnu, which was the Xianbei people who played an extremely important role in Chinese history.

2, Donghu (Wuhuan, Xianbei)

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the northern ethnic minorities were called Donghu because they lived east of the Xiongnu.

There is also a theory that Donghu is supposed to be an Old Altaic word (Mongolian-Tungusic) Tou

The transliteration of g-gu(s) is actually a variant of the word "Tunguska".

At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Donghu was strong, and its leaders were relatively inflated, constantly asking the Xiongnu for famous horses, beauties, and land. Xiongnu Maodun (pronounced "hairy belly") single in anger and hit it, the Donghu people were scattered, the remnants were divided into two branches, the one that retreated to Wuhuan Mountain is called Wuhuan, and the one that retreated to Xianbei Mountain is called Xianbei.

Wuhuan was later eliminated by Cao Wei, and Cao Mengde's famous article "Watching the Sea" was done with pride after the destruction of Wuhuan. Since then, Wuhuan Mountain has disappeared from historical records.

Where is Xianbei Mountain? In 1980, archaeologists found the blessing inscription engraved by the ancestors of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Gaxian Cave in the north of the Great Xing'an Mountains, according to its textual research, this Gaxian Cave is the stone chamber of the ancestral temple of Tuoba Xianbei mentioned in the Book of Wei, therefore, the orientation of Xianbei Mountain is roughly in the north of the Alukorqin Banner in Inner Mongolia today, that is, the southern foot of the East and West Han Mountains in the middle of the Great Xing'an Mountains.

The rise of Xianbei is relatively accidental.

Historically, whoever lived longer had a better say. In 238, Emperor Cao Rong of Wei Ming saw that Sima Yi had survived two generations of the Cao family and his opponent Zhuge Liang, and even the group of colleagues who fought the world with Cao Cao were dying, and they were still in high spirits, and their hearts were very unpleasant. It just so happened that there was a glorious and arduous task facing the Cao Wei government this year.

Gongsun Yuan of Liaodong rebelled. If there is a rebellion, someone needs to lead an army to suppress it, and Cao Rong chose Sima Yi. Liaodong, more than 3,000 miles away from Luoyang, the climate is dry and cold, even young people have to lose half their lives when they go back and forth, not to mention Sima Yi, who is close to the sixtieth year. Cao Ei's intentions can be described as insidious: it is best for Sima Lao'er to pacify Liaodong, and then die on the way to the class due to the fatigue of the boat, hehe......

In this way, Sima Yi, who was 59 years old at the time, took command of an expedition of more than 3,000 miles, captured and beheaded the "King of the Northeast" Gongsun Yuan, killed the Gongsun family, achieved brilliant results, and unified Liaodong. Sima Yi's safe return to Beijing was unexpected by Cao Ei, however, this battle also had a consequence, which was even more unexpected by Cao Ei, Sima Yi and everyone.

That is, without the suppression of Gongsun Yuan, the "King of the Northeast" of the Han people, the Xianbei people began to rise and expand, and finally profoundly affected the historical process of Northern China and even the whole of China.

When we talk about the history of the late Eastern Han Dynasty, we always say that the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu were established, but in fact, at that time, it should have been a four-legged tripod, because, in addition to Wei, Shu and Wu, there were also countries.

The Kingdom of Yan on the Liaodong Peninsula.

The first generation of the head of the Yan Kingdom was not Murong Xianbei in later generations, but Gongsun Du. Gongsun Du, the former general under Dong Zhuo, was sent by Dong Zhuo to the Liaodong Peninsula to guard, and when the Central Plains was busy fighting, Liaodong was like a paradise. Mr. Jin Yong created the role of Gongsun Zhi, the lord of the Paradise Valley in "The Legend of the Condor Heroes", I don't know if he was inspired by the Gongsun family of Liaodong.

The second-generation head of the family is Gongsun Kang, the son of Gongsun Du, who cut off the heads of Yuan Shao's sons Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi who came to take refuge and dedicated them to Cao Cao's ruthless man. The third and fourth generations of heads are Gongsun Gong, the son of Gongsun Du, and Gongsun Yuan, the grandson of Gongsun Yuan.

Gongsun, a cold-blooded family, was tough during his rule in Liaodong, and the local scholars and ethnic minority leaders killed them when they said they would. Gongsun Du killed the Liaodong family and wiped out more than 100 families; Gongsun Kang captured the capital of Goguryeo, captured the king of Goguryeo, and forced him to move the capital to Marudu (present-day Ji'an, Jilin); Gongsun Yuan even proclaimed himself the king of Yan (Sun Quan was the first to crown him as the king of Yan, but he disdained it and killed the envoy of Wu), set up hundreds of officials, and knighted the leaders of ethnic minorities such as Xianbei and Fuyu, and the people in the county were afraid of it.

Gongsun's cold-blooded could not be on the hot search, but he was warmly welcomed by the Central Plains Dynasty at that time. Because, although the Gongsun regime of Liaodong only existed for more than 50 years, it played an immeasurable role in the stability and expansion of China's northeastern border during the Three Kingdoms period. It not only enabled the Central Plains regime to continue its rule in the northeast since the Warring States and Han dynasties, but also curbed the intrusion of the surrounding ethnic minority forces. Now, the Gongsun clan has been eliminated by Sima Yi, and the direct consequence is that the Xianbei people have begun to rise and become bigger.

Xianbei was divided into East Xianbei (Duanbu, Murong Ministry, Yuwen Ministry), Northern Xianbei (Tuoba Ministry, Rouran), and West Xianbei (Tuyuhun) during the Western Jin Dynasty.

(1) Dong Xianbei - Duan Department, Murong Department, Yuwen Department.

After the Xianbei of the Duan Department was defeated by the Later Zhao of the Qian people, it was later integrated into the Central Plains, and the department had a certain relationship with the Duan clan of Dali during the Song Dynasty.

Murong Hao of the Murong Department founded the Great Yan Kingdom, known as Qianyan in history. Former Yan was wiped out by the former Qin of Fu Jian, the Di people, and the imperial family Murong Chui surrendered to the former Qin, and later restored the country and established the Later Yan. Later, Houyan was defeated by the Northern Wei Dynasty of the Xianbei Tuoba clan. Later Yan Murong De established Southern Yan. Nanyan was destroyed by the Han Liu Yu.

The Ubunbu is on good terms with Goguryeo. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Yuwen clan usurped the Western Wei Dynasty and established the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The Diethorn tribe of the Yuwen tribe later became part of the Khitan tribe.

(2) North Xianbei - Tuoba Department, Rouran.

Xianbei Tuoba Department is the Xianbei person with the greatest achievement. The Northern Wei Dynasty later unified northern China, and then split into the Eastern Wei and Western Wei dynasties, and confronted the Han Chinese regime in the Southern Dynasties for a long time.

In addition, there is also the Xianbei bald hair clan of the same origin as the Tuoba department. During the Han and Wei dynasties, a branch of the Tuoba clan moved from Saibei to Hexi, and was called Hexi Xianbei. The Bald clan had founded Nanliang, which was about the same territory as western Gansu and part of Ningxia.

Nanliang was destroyed by the beggar people of the Western Qin, and the remaining bald people defected to the Northern Wei Dynasty established by the Tuoba Department of the old family, and were given the surname "Yuan" because they had the same root and origin as the Tuoba clan.

The surname Yuan has a single origin, so if you meet a person with the surname Yuan in China today, then you can tell him that he is a descendant of the Xianbei Bald Hair Clan, which is generally correct.

Rouran was separated from the Tuoba Xianbei tribal alliance, and then confronted the Tuoba clan of the Northern Wei Dynasty for many years, and the background of Hua Mulan's father's military service was taken here. Rou was then defeated by the Turks and divided into two branches, the north and the south, which fled to the upper reaches of the Liao River and became the Khitans (Liao). The northern branch fled to the area east of the Yablonov Mountains and south of the Trans-Khingan Mountains and became the Murwei (Mongols).

(3) Xixianbei

The elder brother of the former Yan Emperor Murong Hao led his troops from the northeast to the eastern part of Qinghai, known as Tuyuhun, and at its peak the territory was vast, spanning Qinghai, Gansu, southern Xinjiang, and western Sichuan. During the Tang Dynasty, Tuyuhun was destroyed by Tubo.

The Mongols, Evenki, and Daur ethnic groups in China today are all evolutionary versions of Donghu.

3. Uighurs

The main body was the Ding Ling people, who first lived nomadically in the area of the North Sea and present-day Lake Baikal (the place where Suwu shepherded sheep), and then moved inward. Because of its tall wheels, it is also known as a high-speed car man. The Mobei people also call them Eile and Tiele.

Most of the Uyghurs and Yugurs in China now belong to the evolutionary version of this branch.

4. Relatives and slaves of the Huns

(1) The Turks, a branch of the Xiongnu, later perished to the Rouran, and their own main body was wiped out by the Uighurs and Han Chinese, and the remaining fled westward, forming the present-day Turks.

(2) The Qian, the origin is more mixed, some come from the Xiaoyue branch, the Qiang people, some come from the Western Regions, Central Asia and other places, have the physical characteristics of the white race, deep eyes, high nose, many beards, is a branch of the Xiongnu or a subsidiary of the Xiongnu, slaves, the ultimate fate? It is more tortuous and complicated, see below.

5. Be cautious

The pre-Qin was called Sushen, the Shang and Zhou were distributed in the Heilongjiang, Ussuri River basin and Changbai Mountain, in the Han and Wei dynasties, it was called Rulou, in the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was called Beji, and in the Sui and Tang dynasties, it was called the Yan Ya (once served to belong to Goguryeo), and then it was called the Jurchen and Manchu. Today's Manchus belong to this group.

6. Qiangqi Tibet

(1) The Qiang people, formed in the area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, were first recorded in the oracle bone inscriptions, which refer to the western shepherds (does the Qiang character itself resemble the sheep character?). ), when King Wu of Zhou was fighting the Shang, he joined the coalition army of King Wu of Zhou ("The Book of the Later Han Dynasty • The Biography of Xiqiang": and King Wu of the Shang, Qiang led the division to meet in Muye). The Qiang people have survived to this day and are a member of the 56 ethnic families in China.

(2) Di people, Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty, Di people have not yet differentiated from the Qiang people, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Di people began to use Di as a family name, but still mostly use Di and Qiang. After becoming an independent clan, he once established Qiuchi, Qianqin, Houliang, Chenghan and other countries, which profoundly influenced the history of China. One point in particular is that the Di people are not nomadic people, but an agricultural people, and their surnames are all Han surnames, and the degree of sinicization is very deep, so there can be a benevolent king like Fu Jian, the king of Great Qin.

(3) The Tibetans, i.e., the Tibetans, were also part of the ancient Qiang people.

(4) Dangxiang, a branch of the Western Qiang tribe, once established the Western Xia, and was later destroyed by the Mongols.

7. Miscellaneous beard

(1) Tiefu, a mixed-race descendant of Xianbei and the Xiongnu, and Helian Bobo, a Tiefu person, established the Xia Kingdom.

(2) Beggar, in the north of Yinshan, the mixed descendants of Xianbei and Eile, who were once attached to the former Qin established by the Di people. After the Former Qin was defeated by the Han in the Eastern Jin Dynasty at the Battle of Weishui, he betrayed the Former Qin and established the Western Qin in what is now Yuzhong, Gansu. Western Qin was destroyed by the Xia kingdom of the Tiefu Helian clan.

Since the Han Dynasty, some Hu people have continued to migrate to the interior of the Central Plains, gradually entrenched in North China, and their power has continued to grow. By the time of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Hu people had settled in Guanzhong and the Jingshui and Weishui basins, forming a siege of Luoyang, the capital of the Jin Dynasty.

The first to wave the whip of God on the Western Jin Dynasty were the Huns.

Section 2 The Huns who don't want to be Shan Yu are not good grandsons

During the Qin and Han dynasties, the Xiongnu were at war with the Qin and Han dynasties for many years, and by the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu were divided into two parts: the north and the south.

The Northern Xiongnu moved westward from the desert north, and in the process of moving westward, their combat effectiveness was extremely fierce, sweeping across Europe, and they were called "God's whip" by Europeans. This part of the Huns eventually merged with the Europeans to form the present-day Hungarians. The English name of the Xiongnu is hu

, pronounced "hang", European Hungarian "hu."

ga

The English pronunciation of "y" is enough to prove that the two are inextricably linked.

The Southern Xiongnu entered the Central Plains and annexed it. In 195, the Southern Xiongnu participated in the melee in the Central Plains, and in 202, the leaders of the Southern Xiongnu were attached to Cao Cao, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty.

The Sinicized Southern Xiongnu have always lived in the Hetao area, that is, east of Helan Mountain, west of Luliang Mountain, south of Yinshan Mountain, and north of the Great Wall.

If you don't have a deep impression of the geographical concept of the Hetao, then teach a simple memorization method: those who have studied geography in primary school know that the Yellow River is in the shape of "several", how is the top of this "several" shape formed?

Specifically, the Yellow River first flows north along Helan Mountain, then flows eastward due to the blockage of Yinshan Mountain, and then flows south along Luliang Mountain.

Let's talk about the Southern Huns. After all, such a large group of foreign populations moved to the Central Plains in groups to find food, not to mention the shelter isolation room, but also to give land subsidies, and it would be a great social hidden danger if it was not handled well.

Fortunately, the manager at that time was Cao Cao, who was eloquent and strategic, and after careful consideration, he sacrificed the four-character management policy of the cage.

Divide and conquer.

The reason is very simple, if you separate them, won't it be easy to manage.

In 216, Cao Mengde divided the foreign population of the Southern Xiongnu, divided them into five parts: left, right, south, north, and center, and applied for "temporary residence permits" in the Central Plains for them, and settled them in Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Hebei, thus ending the Xiongnu's Shan Yu Dynasty.

Cao Cao made the nobles of the five Xiongnu tribes marshal, and later renamed them Duwei, and cordially sent Han political commissar (Sima) for them to carry out ideological and political education.

After the Xiongnu applied for a temporary residence permit in the Central Plains, they gradually changed their nomadic lifestyle, and turned to develop towards a settled agricultural civilization like the Han people.

Settle down, no longer live by water and grass, but work at sunrise and rest at sunset, dig wells and drink, plough fields and eat, plough and read, and the heart lamp never sleeps. Since then, this group of mobile eaters who used to be in the desolate desert except for herding sheep and chasing wolves have come into contact with the majestic and vast Han culture.

Han culture, the perfect integration of a variety of philosophical thoughts, Taoist nature, Confucian benevolence, Mohist selflessness, Legalist rigor, Buddhism dedication, with a high degree of inclusiveness, vigorous vitality and a steady stream of creativity, which has a great attraction to the Xiongnu, especially the noble children of the Xiongnu.

Among the five marshals of the Xiongnu, there is a man named Liu Bao, who was named the left marshal of the Xiongnu and lived in Xinxing, that is, in the north of Xinzhou City, Shanxi. After Liu Bao claimed to be the Xiongnu Maodun, because the "Han Gaozu" Liu Bang had married the princess of the Han Dynasty to Maodun, his descendants were surnamed Liu.

According to the Book of Jin, Liu Bao had a son named Liu Yuan, whose name was Yuanhai. Compared with Lao Tzu Liu Bao, Liu Yuan is already the second generation of the Central Plains of the Xiongnu, and his temporary residence permit has also become a green card. Of course, it is common to raise the bar between different historical materials, and "History of the Huns" believes that Liu Yuan is not Liu Bao's son, because when he was born, Liu Bao was already in his seventies.

This is indeed a complete lifting of the bar, the history of Liu Yuan "burly, eight feet four inches long, beard more than three feet long", it can be seen that their family is the ancestral beard, bearded men can often grow old mussels, for example, today's Zhang beard.

Whether Liu Yuan is Liu Bao's son or not, but the name Liu Yuan, if you look through the historical materials, it is difficult to find. Cause?

The author of the Book of Jin is the Tang Dynasty Prime Minister Fang Xuanling, "the famous prisoner Gaozu (Li Yuan) temple secret, so it is called its character", so the name Liu Yuanhai is generally seen in the historical materials. One person becomes an emperor, and the names of the eight generations of ancestors are all well-known trademarks, which cannot be infringed upon, even if it is only a heavy word. Li Yuan's grandfather was called Li Hu, therefore, the Tiger Prison Pass became the Wu Prison Pass, and the Later Zhao Emperor Shi Hu also became Shi Jilong, of course, this is all a later story.

Whether it is called Liu Yuan or Liu Yuanhai, the fact is that because he has lived in the Central Plains for a long time and is mixing with the upper-class Han people, Liu Yuan, the Xiongnu baby, has been deeply influenced by Han culture and has basically been sinicized. Shi Zai not only likes to study obscure philosophy textbooks such as "Zhou Yi", but also likes to read history textbooks such as "Historical Records" and "Han Shu", and when he is tired of studying, he also likes to flip through poetry extracurricular readings such as "Book of Songs", and has accumulated rich knowledge of Han culture.

Liu Yuan, a Xiongnu baby, not only likes to learn Chinese textbooks, but also often teaches other Xiongnu people to read more Chinese books: those who do not know a thing are ashamed of a solid gentleman.

In order to better learn the knowledge of Chinese culture, Liu Yuan also found a good teacher for himself. This person's name is Cui You, a member of the Shangdang, that is, a native of Changzhi City, Shanxi, a famous person, and a mourning dress map unearthed from the No. 1 Han Tomb of Mawangdui, Changsha City, Hunan Province, which is said to have been written by this gentleman.

Liu Yuan inherited the unique strong body of the nomadic people, the appearance of the great shore, and was influenced by the Han culture, the combination of Han and Hu, making him appear extraordinary and powerful. Coupled with his extraordinary strength and skillful bow and horse, he is really a newcomer with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, and has won the respect of all celebrities in Taiyuan.

In 265 AD, when Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty, became emperor of Wei, Liu Yuan, the little prince of the Xiongnu, was staying in the capital Luoyang as a hostage of the Xiongnu. Later, a bald-haired Xianbei man named Shu Jineng rebelled in Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu) and rebelled against the Jin.

If there is a rebellion, it must be suppressed, who will be sent to quell the rebellion?

Liu Yuan's Shanxi native Li Xi, a member of the Shangdang, gave Sima Yan an idea: appoint Liu Yuan as a general, lead five Xiongnu to the west to conquer Liangzhou, and let the Xiongnu and Xianbei people fight, which can avoid the loss of the Han army and weaken the foreign forces.

This plan looks good, but in fact, it is a bad idea.

Cao Mengde finally divided the Huns into five parts, and then you gathered them together and put them under the management of a man of great talent, and then let them go to war together to form a bloody battle friendship, this is simply, someone else weaves a horse whip and you send a cowhide - looking for a draw.

Minister Kong Sui saw the hidden danger and hurriedly stopped Sima Yan: It is not terrible for Shuji to rebel in Liangzhou, but if Liu Yuan, this kid, can pacify Liangzhou and kill Shuji, it will be really difficult for Liangzhou. When he goes, he is like a dragon getting clouds and rain, and it is definitely not a thing in the pool.

With this insight, Kong Sui did not blind his old Kong family's surname in vain. Sima Yan believed Lao Kong and did not let Liu Yuan go, but instead sent the Three Kingdoms to single-handedly fight the first human duck to suppress it.

Kong Sui just ruined the good thing that Liu Yuan led the troops alone, and then came out even more ruthlessly.

Sima Yan's younger brother, and Sima Yan's son Sima Zhen's brother-in-law, Jia Chong's son-in-law, Sima You, the king of Qi, he directly persuaded Sima Yan: If we don't get rid of Liu Yuan, we will not be at peace in the future.

The reason why Sima You was so jealous of Liu Yuan was because he inadvertently encountered something that made him uneasy.

One day, Sima You passed by the Jiuqu River and saw a group of people sitting around the river drinking. Drink and drink bars, and these people are still crying and howling, screaming, crying, and singing. Someone was sent to inquire, and it turned out that Liu Yuan was returning to his hometown of Donglai County (now Laizhou, Shandong) for a friend named Wang Mi.

Wang Mi, one of the heroes in troubled times, known as the "Flying Leopard", about his deeds later.

The people sent out also reported: Liu Yuan, this kid is crying and complaining at Wang Mi -- Wang Hun, Li Xi and other fellow villagers know me very well and have recommended me many times, but some people have slandered the emperor. I didn't want to be an official in the first place, you know this (yes, you know you want to be), but these people slander me, which may cause me to die in Luoyang, and my brothers will never see each other again.

The other friends also howled and drank a big bowl of cow. I didn't bring a few peanuts in total, but I drank the effect of Mao Wulufen one by one.

During the special period, they openly gathered to make trouble, and they were all social unstable elements, and they all gave me a red code! Sima Yan was moved to kill.

At the moment of life and death, the fellow played a role.

Minister Wang Hun (Pei Kai's father-in-law), one of the Taiyuan celebrities who admired Liu Yuan mentioned above, won the trust of Sima Yan because of his great achievements in the crusade against Eastern Wu. Wang Hun and Liu Yuan are considered fellow villagers, and their relationship is also relatively iron, and they admonished Sima Yan: Our Great Jin Dynasty is about to show that we treat ethnic minorities with sincerity and use virtue and politics to make people from afar attached, how can we kill hostages sent by others to serve with the suspicion that they are not even in the bud? Is this to show that our Jin Dynasty is not widespread?

Celebrities are celebrities, a generous statement, high-sounding. Sima Yan finally let Liu Yuan go, and finally achieved a foreign emperor wedged into the Central Plains. As a Han Chinese, based on this, Wang Hun is not blind to the name he gave - Hun.

Historically, successful heroes have different personalities, but they have one thing in common, that is, they are generally light on money and generous, and they are willing to invest and connect with feelings. For example, Dong Zhuo, the key to his development is to rely on light wealth and charity, and has won the strong support of a large number of Qiang people.

The opposite of this is the "dog of the North Ocean" Feng Guozhang. Feng has lived a hard life since he was a child, so he takes money more seriously. When the president entered Beijing, he saw the fish swimming happily in Zhongnanhai Lake, Lao Feng's eyes suddenly lit up, as if he saw a golden little yellow croaker, so he sent someone to catch them all and send them to the market for sale. For a while, all the restaurants in Beijing were selling "presidential fish". From time to time, there is a couplet - "The prime minister Donglin logs, and the head of state sells fish in the South China Sea".

When Wang Shizhen, the "Dragon of the Beiyang", was the prime minister, Feng Guozhang wanted him to send someone to win over Lu Rongting, the overseer of Guangxi, but he was reluctant to pay for it himself. The angry Premier Wang scolded: Isn't this for him? Who am I doing all day long? He doesn't take this amount of money yet.

It is no wonder that when Feng Guozhang was president, he was played by Duan Qirui, the prime minister and the "Tiger of the Beiyang" who did not accumulate wealth. For those who are stingy, the pattern is often not too big.

Liu Yuan is a positive example in this regard, he is light on wealth and charity, recruiting talents, and celebrities in Hebei have come to pay respects to him. In the later text, there is a negative typical "Western Jin Dynasty Grandtai" Sima Teng, who lost his life because of stinginess, and then recounted, first look at Liu Yuan.

After Liu Bao's death, Liu Yuan acted as the left commander of the Xiongnu on behalf of his father, and finally became an official. In the tenth year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (289), Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty named Liu Yuan as the governor of the northern Xiongnu.

Later, the Western Jin Dynasty court made an even bigger wrong decision - appointing Liu Yuan as the five commanders of the Xiongnu, and the divided Xiongnu ushered in a brilliant quasi-Danyu.

This is Liu Yuan's first posthumous blessing after the catastrophe, and his noble person is undoubtedly Wang Hun. Once a person with long-term bad luck is transferred, good luck will come one after another like the tide of the Qiantang River, which may also be a manifestation of the law of conservation of everything in the universe. Liu Yuan's second blessing after the transfer, and then he also came, who is the nobleman?

When people mix in officialdom, first you have to do it, then someone has to say that you can do it, and the most important thing is that the person who says you can do it. After being promoted with these conditions, no one dares to say that you can't do it, and whoever you say can do it. This time, the nobleman who said Liu Yuanxing was the old fritter of the Western Jin Dynasty officialdom mentioned above - Yang Jun.

After the death of Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty, Yang Jun controlled the power of the court, and he was naturally very good. But because of the abuse of power, I know that many people are not convinced. Defy? I will reward you with your clothes. Lao Yang opened a reward in order to buy people's hearts, and Liu Yuan also made money because of this, and got a string of official positions, specifically:

1. General Jianwei. Deng Yu, the head of the 28 generals of Yuntai in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Zhou Zhi, who killed the tiger and cut Jiaojiao, all got this number.

2. The Governor of the Five Departments. It means that you still care about your Huns.

3. Hanguang Township. This is a senior title, Liu Yuan was made a marquis before he made an inch of merit for the Jin court, and Li Guangruoquan, who had been through a hundred battles in the Western Han Dynasty and was not a marquis, knew that it was estimated that the coffin board would not be able to hold it.

Good luck brings joy and love, Liu Yuan is ready to fold a thousand paper cranes, and then tie a red ribbon, and prosper all over the world with good luck. However, on the whole, the Western Jin Dynasty regime adopted a strategy of wooing and guarding against the Xiongnu tribes that had been submissive for many years, which was out of concern that "if it is not my race, its heart will be different".

This concern is not unfounded. The blood of the Huns is free and unrestrained, fierce and wild in their veins, how can they always accept the reality under the fence? Finally, in the last years of Emperor Sima Zhen Yuankang of the Jin Dynasty, Liu Yuan's Xiongnu people began to defect from the Saiwai desert where their ancestors lived.

As a result, Liu Yuan was briefly dismissed by the Western Jin Dynasty, and was later arranged to serve as Ningshuo's general and supervise the five military departments in Yecheng, where Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu, was seated.

was first dismissed from office and then transferred to a different place, Liu Yuan secretly complained in his heart: He also asked me to "supervise the five military departments" and move my office from my old nest in Shanxi to Anyang, Henan, how to "supervise the five military departments"? This is blatant distrust and discrimination!

Discrimination? Discrimination is right, because the Huns soon rebelled completely.

After the outbreak of the Rebellion of the Eight Kings of the Western Jin Dynasty, the kings were busy attacking each other, and their dominance over the ethnic minorities was greatly reduced. Liu Yuan's uncle and grandfather, Liu Xuan, a retired veteran cadre of the Xiongnu Five Cadres Bureau (the former Xiongnu Northern Governor and Zuoxian Wang), discovered this good time for rebellion in time.

Liu Xuan, a veteran Xiongnu cadre who discovered a major opportunity, immediately became twenty or thirty years younger, and in his excitement convened a meeting of the upper-class nobles of the five Xiongnu departments. At the meeting, Liu Xuan delivered a Hitler-style incendiary speech: back then, the Western Han Dynasty and our Xiongnu were about brothers (in fact, Weng son-in-law, poor generation), sharing weal and woe, since the fall of the Han Dynasty, the Wei and Jin dynasties, our Xiongnu's Shan Yu has a false name, there is no land to speak of (originally surrendered to drop), and the nobles have gradually become ordinary people (the wealth of the Han people cannot be passed on for three generations, and Uncle Liu Huang has been pushed into a straw shoe seller by the Han Dynasty's "Tui En Order").

The central idea of this passage is: We, the Huns, are in the Central Plains and have been wronged.

The old cadre Liu Xuan then instigated: Now that the Sima clan is pinching each other, it is a great opportunity for us to take the opportunity to restore the country. Now my grandson Liu Yuan is excellent in character and learning, handsome and cool, if it weren't for the restoration of our Huns, how could God give us such a super Jieqing, Hun version of Wei Dongyi?

The central meaning of this passage is: My grandson inherited the mandate of heaven, rebelled, and went with him.

The declining nobles of the Huns blushed one by one, and their blood boiled at the mouth of Lao Liu's words: That's right! Take advantage of your illness to kill you. The opportunity for the Great Huns to turn the tables has come. Liu Yuan was elected as Da Shan Yu in absentia on the spot, and a henchman named Hu Yanyu of Liu Xuan was sent to Yecheng to inform Liu Yuan.

After listening to Hu Yanyu's statement, Liu Yuan's ambition was restless, but there were joys and worries. The joy is naturally that he has become a big single, and the worry is how to go.

Taking time off is a science. Lao Wang had a classmate in high school, obsessed with martial arts, when Jet Li's movie "Jingwumen" was released in the county cinema, he was so anxious that he scratched his ears and cheeks, and finally couldn't help it, so he asked the head teacher for leave - he had a cold, and he was on a drip. After returning to school after the addiction as he wished, the head teacher was already waiting in the classroom: a cold and a drip? Roll up your sleeves, where do I see the eye of the needle? After watching the smooth and jade-like wrist, the angry head teacher also staged a kung fu performance no less than that in "Jingwumen". Now, Liu Yuan is also facing this problem, how to leave art? In the end, he racked his brains and found a reason to ask for leave that he thought Sima Ying would not refuse.

Returning to the north will be mourned. "The dead are great, I want to go back and see". The funeral system is a custom and culture that the Han people attach great importance to, and Sima Ying, a Han who is full of poetry and books, will definitely be granted leave.

Although he didn't know about the rebellion of the old Hun cadres, he vaguely felt that Liu Yuan's return to the north was by no means as simple as mourning.

You can't let the tiger go back to the mountain. Sima Ying commented on Liu Yuan's fake note-The world is so big, you should stay here first. Let's talk about that.

Anyone who has dealt with Chinese knows that if you ask for an errand, and the other party replies "study and study", then basically poke the time for you to do things to Java. Unable to take a leave, Liu Yuan had no choice but to ask the correspondent Hu Yanyu to go back first, inform Liu Xuan and others, and ask them to secretly gather the five Xiongnu and various small ethnic groups to accumulate strength, step up preparations, and wait for the opportunity to move.

At the beginning of August 304, Sima Teng, the assassin of Bingzhou, and Wang Jun, the general of Anbei, jointly attacked Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu. Wang Jun was a powerful warlord in the northern part of the Western Jin Dynasty, and his life will be discussed later.

Sima Teng and Wang Jun joined forces, Sima Ying couldn't resist it, and rushed to the hospital in a hurry, so he remembered the Hun Liu Yuan. Sima Ying wanted to use the Xiongnu as foreign aid, and the line of fire added the official title to Liu Yuan - Beidan Yu and the Prime Minister, and then asked Liu Yuan to return to the state and recruit five Xiongnu as his junior brother.

So naïve.

The milk tiger roars in the valley, and the hidden dragon soars into the abyss. Liu Yuan returned to Zuoguocheng, which is now Lishi County, Shanxi, and was promoted by the Xiongnu as Da Danyu. In just over 20 days, Liu Yuan gathered 50,000 social unstable elements, set the capital of Zuoguocheng, and called the country "Han".

A Hun people, why did they call the country Han after the founding of the country? There is a lot of mystery here, and it is worth discussing.

There are many strong enemies around, there are Tuoba Xianbei in the north, there are Youzhou Thorn Shi Wang Jun in the east, and Sima Teng in the state, the Western Jin Dynasty army in the south of Hedong, and the mountains in the west. If you want to fight against the Western Jin Dynasty, you must go out and gain the support of the Han Chinese.

Liu Yuan has a very deep degree of sinicization, and has disdained the title of Shan Yu that has been abolished for nearly a hundred years, in his opinion, Hu Han Evil has long been a distant memory of the Southern Xiongnu, "A manly man should learn from Han Gaozu, Hu Han Evil is not a model for men", this is a public slap in the face of the ancestor.

From the Qin Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, only the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty had a long reign. After more than 400 years, the Han Dynasty has been blessed by Liu Bei's Shu Han for more than 40 years, and it has long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. At this time, the Western Jin Dynasty, which was about to die, was founded less than 40 years ago, and the country was named Han, which could make the people of the Central Plains attached.

Liu Yuan, this is to replace the Jin Dynasty and then restore the rule of the Han Dynasty, after all, from the actual situation later, the Western Jin Dynasty only had a short 52 years of national ancestry, if this matter is really done, then the history of ancient China is also very likely to be like Japan, the emergence of a line of emperors, the country name has always been - Han.

“This is civil wa

,this is ou

wa

,

ot you

s.” —The words of the black tyrant to the American general in the movie "Black Hawk Down" represent Liu Yuan's state of mind at this time. Once the Huns became Han Chinese, wouldn't this be a civil war? In the civil war, there will be no situation where the Han people will unite to resist foreign aggression, and there will be no more psychological burden for the Han people to come and join them.

The motive and purpose are very clear, but a Xiongnu people who founded the country and called the country Han, there must be a reasonable explanation, right?

This is also difficult for Liu Yuan, a history primary school bully.

Liu Yuan turned out the history textbook: when Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, made peace with the Xiongnu, he had an agreement with the Xiongnu as brothers, and since the Han and Huns were about brothers, "the elder brother died and the younger brother Shao" or "the elder brother died and the younger brother died", and the younger brother should inherit it.

For a while, the abuse of the law of Marxist-Leninist universal connection, however, no matter how indiscriminate the connection, you Liu Yuan is also a Huns, and the bloodline is really difficult to convince the Han people. In order to make up for this shortcoming, Liu Yuan turned out an older history textbook, "How can the husband emperor be constant?" Dayu came from Xirong, King Wen was born in Dongyi, and Gu Weide gave his ear".

You see, Dayu and King Wen of Zhou were not also born in areas where a small number of people live.

As long as there is culture, what you say is what you say. Anyway, Liu Yuan, a Hun man, regarded himself as the successor of the Han Dynasty. Liu Xuan, a veteran cadre of the Huns, and others asked Liu Yuan to give him an honorific title, and Liu Yuan pondered for a moment: Now that the Quartet has not been pacified, let's call the King of Han according to Liu Bang for the time being.

Although it is now called the King of Han, what is the temple number after Liu Yuan's death? Gaozu. Therefore, there is only one real Han Gaozu in history, and that is Liu Yuan. Wait, isn't Han Gaozu Liu Bang? Liu Bang, the temple name is Taizu, and the name is Emperor Gao, so the accurate name should be Liu Bang, Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty.

Some people may raise the bar and say that Liu Bang is called Han Gaozu in the "Historical Records", don't forget, who is the author of the Historical Records? It was the young man from Hancheng, Shaanxi who was cut off the most important piece of meat from the man's body by the people of the old Liu family, and if he didn't mislead, let the descendants of the old Liu family "forget their ancestors", how could he call him "Taishi Gong"?

Let's talk about Liu Yuan. Liu Yuan sacrificed to the sky in the southern suburbs, ascended the throne of the Han Dynasty, announced a general amnesty, and changed the name of the year to Yuanxi. Posthumously honored the "unsupportable Adou" Liu Chan as the emperor of filial piety, and set up the three ancestors and five sects as the gods to sacrifice him.

What are the three ancestors and five sects? The three ancestors are: Taizu Gao Emperor Liu Bang, Han Shizu Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu, Han Zhaolie Emperor Liu Bei, and the five sects are: Han Wen Emperor Liu Heng, Han Wu Emperor Liu Che, Han Xuan Emperor Liu Xun, Han Ming Emperor Liu Zhuang, Han Zhang Emperor Liu Jing.

These three ancestors and five sects are just that, they are all orthodox of the Han family, what does it mean to chase the Shu Han Adou Liu Chan as the emperor of filial piety? That's interesting.

The Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period rebelled against Cao Wei, and the Western Jin Dynasty was the Cao Wei of the Chan Dynasty, which was regarded as the inheritance of Cao Wei, and the addition of Shu Han was conducive to attacking the legitimacy of the Western Jin Dynasty.

When a Hu man doesn't sing and dance, but studies history textbooks, it's terrible.

Liu Yuan also appointed his wife Huyan as the queen. The rebels were also made officials, and the retired veteran cadre Liu Xuan was rehired as prime minister, the teacher Cui You was the imperial historian, and the clan Liu Hong (the same name as the eleventh emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty) was appointed as the imperial lieutenant.

According to the principle of territorial jurisdiction, Zuoguocheng belongs to the annexed prefecture, and the area under the jurisdiction of the annexed prefecture is about most of today's Shanxi Province and part of Inner Mongolia and Hebei, and the administrative center is in Taiyuan. Taiyuan has been an important military frontier town of the Han Dynasty against the Xiongnu since ancient times. At that time, the highest governor of Bingzhou was Sima Teng, the grandson of Sima Yi's younger brother Sima Kui.

When Sima Teng heard of the Xiongnu rebellion, he hurriedly led his troops to suppress it, and his generals Nie Xuan and Liu Yuan had a fierce exchange of fire in Ganling (now Wenshui County, Shanxi). When you count the first battles or first battles of major uprisings in history, it is generally the insurrectionists who win. The reason is very simple, once the rebels make up their minds to pin their heads to the waistband of their trousers to rebel after repeated weighing, they often have an unusually high fighting spirit at the beginning, and their combat power is doubled. This time was no exception, the government army Nie Xuanbu was defeated.

The ferocity and fierceness of the Hun warriors shocked Sima Teng, what should I do?

What to do, we'll see. The supreme governor of the empire in the annexed state chose to escape. Sima Teng decided to avoid the Xiongnu's sharp first, and led more than 30,000 households in the state, many of which were homeless, and moved to Shandong, preparing to accumulate strength and then fight a decisive battle with the Xiongnu.

As soon as Sima Teng left, and the state group of dragons was leaderless, Liu Yuan took advantage of the victory to march, and successively captured Hyun (now Gaoping County, Shanxi), Tunliu (now Changzi County, Shanxi), and finally even Zhongdu (now Taiyuan) was taken.

In the second year of Yongxing in the Western Jin Dynasty (305), Sima Teng, who had accumulated strength for a period of time, sent troops to attack Liu Yuan again, and the two armies fought in Fenyang, and Liu Yuan won four battles and four victories. In this year, there was a great famine in Lishi, and Liu Yuan sent Tai Lieutenant Liu Hong and others to garrison Lishi, and he led a large army to Shangdang Huguan (now Huguan County, Shanxi). A few years later, Liu Yuan sent troops to conquer Puhan (present-day Yongji County, Shanxi) and Pingyang (present-day Linfen City, Shanxi), occupying the entire territory of Hedong.

Liu Yuan's strategic thinking against the Jin Dynasty is very clear, that is, first occupy Hedong as the emperor, and then wave his army to the southwest to conquer Chang'an, and then take Chang'an as the capital, levy the troops in Guanzhong, and directly take the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty - Luoyang.

In troubled times, once a military bloc becomes a climate, it will have a siphoning effect on other social destabilizing elements, and its power will snowball. Liu Xiang at the end of the Qin Dynasty, Li Dou at the end of the Sui Dynasty, Wang Huang at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Zhang at the end of the Ming Dynasty, all of them. This time, Liu Yuan also successively attracted several teams of the Central Plains uprising and anti-Jin, including Lu Zhuyan of the Xianbei tribe, as well as Ji Sang, Wang Mi, and Shi Le.

It is worth mentioning that this Shile, the only strange man in Chinese history who went from slave to emperor. His life is described below.

The people are almost convened, and they have to be sealed one by one to stabilize everyone's emotions, so as to show that entrepreneurship is a collective matter for everyone, and only when they do their work can they have energy. In the second year of Yongjia (308), Liu Yuan was officially proclaimed emperor and moved the capital to Pingyang, with the country name of Han. Liu Xuan, a retired veteran cadre, was re-appointed as prime minister, Liu Hong was appointed as a lieutenant, and Liu He, the crown prince, was appointed as the chief Sima, and the rest of the personnel also received satisfactory organizational appointment documents and letters of appointment.

Hu Yanyu, the correspondent who engaged in the rebellion, was also named an official, and his official name was Zongzheng. What is Zongzheng's position? It is the official in charge of the affairs related to the emperor's relatives or relatives, similar to the director of the current bureau of affairs.

Later, the Liu family never promoted Hu Yanyu. It seems that a correspondent is a correspondent, and it's okay to send a chicken feather letter or something, and it's okay to take care of some miscellaneous things, but you can't rely on the correspondent to manage national affairs or something.

There are many competitions in life, and in the end, it is who is late. No matter how eloquent and strategic, it is also a ball of protein, and no one can ask Yama for leave. In July of the fourth year of Yongjia (310), Liu Yuan, who had just rebelled for 6 years, was seriously ill and died soon after, and the temple name was Gaozu.

After Liu Yuan's death, the Xiongnu and Han kingdoms were leaderless and stood side by side. There are three main forces:

The first is the great Sima Liu Cong, the fourth son of Liu Yuan.

Liu Cong has been smart since childhood, studious, influenced by his father, with a high degree of sinicization, at the age of 14, he has studied scriptures and history, and the study of hundreds of schools (it is estimated that there is no shortage of tutorial classes). And martial arts are strong, at the age of 15 began to learn fencing, riding and archery, the strength is outstanding, it is said that the bow can reach 300 catties (bending the bow 300 catties, the brawn strength is strong, the crown is unparalleled).

In ancient times, it was a very important criterion to measure the courage of a military general and how strong the bow he could hold. For example, the strongest warrior in the Song Dynasty was Yue Fei, and it was recorded in the History of the Song Dynasty that Yue Fei could "hold a bow of 300 catties, a crossbow of eight stones, and shoot left and right." ”

Liu Cong and Yue Fei can reach 300 catties of bows, but the concept of Jin and Song Dynasty catties is different. One pound in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Wei and Jin Dynasties is equivalent to about 225 grams now; One pound in the Song Dynasty is equivalent to about 640 grams now.

Does this mean that Liu Cong's courage is only one-third of Yue Fei's? Definitely not, in that case, Liu Cong obviously can't be called "strong and powerful, the best for a while".

How can this be explained? The "catty" recorded in the Book of Jin that Liu Cong can hold a bow of 300 catties is probably not the Jin Dynasty's jin, but the Tang Dynasty's jin. Because, "Book of Jin" was written by Fang Xuanling, Chu Suiliang, Li Chunfeng and others in the Tang Dynasty.

One pound in the Tang Dynasty is equivalent to that of the Song Dynasty, which is equivalent to about 640 grams now, that is to say, Liu Cong's courage is equivalent to the courage of Yue Fei, the holder of the Song Dynasty's bow record.

Wang Hun, a famous man in Taiyuan who saved Liu Yuan's life, once told Liu Yuan about Liu Cong: It is unpredictable to find here. When Liu Cong was young, he often traveled to the capital of Luoyang and made friends with heroes and celebrities. After the outbreak of the Eight Kings Rebellion, Liu Cong was attached to Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu, and was worshiped as the general of the right crossbow, participated in the war, and accumulated rich combat experience at a young age.

After Liu Yuan's death, the crown prince Liu He succeeded to the throne, but he was soon killed by Liu Cong, and Liu Cong was able to succeed him as the emperor of the Xiongnu Han Kingdom.

The second is General Liu Yao.

Liu Yao, whose name is Yongming, is Liu Yuan's son, who was adopted by Liu Yuan since he was a child because of the early death of his parents. Liu Yao has been brave since he was a child, when he was eight years old, he once followed Liu Yuan up the mountain to hunt, and suddenly encountered a heavy rain, Liu Yao and others went to a big tree to take shelter from the rain (do not understand science).

Suddenly, a thunderclap shook the tree violently, and everyone else fell under the tree like a frightened dog, only Liu Yao's little pot friend was very calm (with a calm expression), as if nothing happened.

Shi Zai Liu Yuan was very surprised when he saw it, and his surprise was overflowing: This is my family's thousands of miles away!

In the face of sudden danger, people who are not surprised often have a strong heart, which is a necessary condition for becoming a hero.

One day in October 1994, Russian President Boris Yeltsin accepted an invitation from the governor of the Leningrad region to visit a hunting ground on the outskirts. When it was time for lunch, the attaché set up the tables, chairs and food on the grass and prepared to go to the forest to hunt wild boars after lunch. Just as a group of people were eating nonsense, a divine beast suddenly jumped out of the bushes. Everyone looked at it, and it turned out that before they could go to find the wild boar, a big Ukrainian wild boar came to counterattack first.

In a panic, Lao Ye, who was 63 years old at the time, stumbled and his glasses fell to the ground. At the critical moment, 10 members of his entourage got under the table and worked together to help Yeltsin find his glasses.

Only one of his entourage in camouflage uniforms stood firmly on the spot, did not drill under the table, he raised his shotgun, snapped, and fired two shots in a row to send the big Ukrainian wild boar to receive a box lunch.

This person was the deputy mayor of St. Petersburg at that time. Yeltsin decided that "this is a tough, uncompromising and quick-thinking person, and Moscow needs such a person." Later, this man came to Moscow, and now he is in charge of Russian politics, and his name is Putin.

This is the famous story of Putin's fight against a wild boar (a brown bear) to win Yeltsin's trust, whether it comes from stall literature or real people, there is no need to research and debate, because, whether true or not, the importance of people with a strong heart reflected in this story has been recognized by the world, and that is enough.

However, when it comes to the fact that Liu Yao was not intimidated by thunder, Lao Wang carefully scrutinized that an eight-year-old child, no matter how precocious he is, generally does not have such a strong psychological quality. What is the truth of the thunderous event? Let's break it down.

According to the "Book of Jin", Liu Yao is more individual, with a length of nine feet and three inches (9.3X0.231 = 2.15 meters, Yao Ming? ), hanging over the knees (Liu Bei, an old Liu family with the same characteristics during the Three Kingdoms), white eyebrows, red eyes, no more than 100 beards, and all five feet long, not only extraordinary demeanor, but also personality "Tuoluo and bright, and the crowd".

The Book of Jin also records that Liu Yao reads books with the ambition of exposition, rather than deliberately figuring out the words and sentences. It means that this person is quick to think and can quickly see the big picture. In fact, people who can look like this have a general level of literature, and most of them are language difficulties.

Liu Yao was born in the Hun generals, and his shooting skills are particularly good, and he can penetrate an inch-thick iron plate, and is known as the "marksman". rarely has great ambitions, and often compares himself with Le Yi, Xiao He, Cao Shen and others. Even Liu Cong admired: Liu Xiu, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, etc., how can they compare with you!

In addition, Liu Yao has rich experience and has also gone abroad. When he was young, he traveled to the capital city of Luoyang, and was exiled to Korea for a capital crime. Later, after the imperial court granted amnesty, Liu Yao returned to the state and lived in Guanshuo Mountain in Fenyang.

When Liu Yuan was first established in the Han Kingdom, Liu Yao had already emerged as a general of the Han State, leading his troops to conquer Hunshi (now Gaoping County, Shanxi), Tunliu (now Changzi County, Shanxi), and Zhongdu (now Taiyuan), laying the foundation for the development of the Han State in Bingzhou.

Although Liu Yao is praised as a flower in the Book of Jin, what "sex is bright and bright, and it is not the same as the crowd", "the martial arts are outstanding", "the ancestors, Wei Wu and the like, how many are the public feet". However, Mr. Wang, I have always been skeptical about the information fed back from this thunderous incident.

Because, in the animal kingdom, when encountering danger and being frightened, animals generally have three reactions: one is to run away, the second is to fight back, and the third is to stand still. The first two reactions are easy to understand, and the third reaction is really puzzling?

It should not be puzzling. This is known in the academic community as a forced orthostatic state as a protective measure for animals. There are many examples of this in nature, for example, there is a kind of "fainting sheep" in the Americas, which faints whenever it is frightened, and has a forced ankylosing reaction. When the rabbit is lying down and bathing, once it is turned upside down and facing the sky, it immediately produces a forced ankylosing reaction. For example, when you encounter a vivid grenade with a fuse thrown by the enemy on the battlefield, do you instinctively lie down and stand still, or do you bravely pick it up and throw it back? The normal reaction is the former, who bravely picked it up and threw it back, it was the actors in the anti-Japanese drama.

Liu Yao was shocked, whether the heart was strong or there was a forced anisostatic reaction, we will analyze and judge through the subsequent performance.

After Liu Yuan's death, the third major force of the Xiongnu Han State, which was also the strongest, was not the Xiongnu.

Rather, a Caucasian bearded man.