Chapter 165: The Particle Physics Community Shakes, Doubts About the Standard Model?

With the end of the meeting, the entire Institute of High Energy Physics went straight into the busyness.

Under the first example given by Li Mu, all the researchers in the institute immediately had experience and instructions as soon as they changed their previous way of looking like headless flies.

Began to look for what they wanted in this huge amount of data.

In this way, over a period of about a month, they analyzed and studied more than 100,000 sets of collision data, and finally screened out 127 Zcs (3985) signal cases.

In a global sense, the signal significance reaches 5.3 standard deviations.

The 127 samples were enough to prove that this was the new particle they were looking for!

With the excitement of all the researchers in the institute, they carefully sorted out and counted all the analysis process and experimental data, and finally formed a paper and published it on the preprint website arxiv.

Obviously, the discovery of any new particle is a major breakthrough for physics.

Therefore, in just a few days, the entire physics community, especially the high-energy physics community, was shaken by this tremendous achievement of the Huaguo Institute of High Energy Physics.

Since the candidate state Zcs of the cryptotetraquark containing strange quarks has been predicted in various theoretical models, the high-energy physics community has been trying to find such particles.

As for why the prophecy has come out, it is still necessary to look for it?

还是相同的原因,物理终究是一个实验科学,即使它仍然崇尚,并且重视逻辑推理所得到的结论。

Especially for particle physics.

在粒子物理学中被预言的粒子并不仅仅只有Zcs(3985)这一种奇特强子,甚至其在这些被预言的粒子中还不算最出名的,就目前来说,被物理学家们所预言,但是还没有被发现的著名粒子,要属超对称粒子、磁单极子,以及反物质粒子这三种。

The most famous of the particles that have been predicted and confirmed in experiments is the Higgs particle, which is nicknamed "God" because it gives mass to other particles.

That's right, the weight problem that humans hate is caused by this particle.

In the beginning, the existence of the Higgs particle was predicted by Higgs in his derivation of the Standard Model.

After that, particle physicists went crazy trying to find the particle, but to what extent?

The Hadron Collider (LHC), built inside CERN's headquarters, is the masterpiece of this madness.

The LHC was originally designed to verify the existence of the Higgs particle, so it was built over a period of 14 years at a total cost of 9 billion euros, which is 9 billion euros around 2000.

And that's not just the cost, they still need to spend 120 million euros on maintenance of the Hadron Collider every year after that.

That's the madness of particle physicists for this God particle.

Therefore, God particles are also called "damn particles" by physicists.

But in any case, for these particle physicists, it is all worth it, because any elementary particle composition represents the truth of the universe, the truth of the world.

It's something physicists are after.

Therefore, the same is true of the discovery of Zcs (3985).

Because it's also the basic building block of the universe.

……

Outside CERN's headquarters, on a lawn, an interview is taking place.

来自bcc的记者手中拿着话筒,尊敬地问向眼前的老人:“希格斯博士,您好,很荣幸能够采访到您,请问您对华国高能物理研究所发现的四夸克奇特强子有什么看法吗? ”

Dr. Higgs, yes, this old man is Peter Higgs who predicted the existence of the Higgs particle.

He is 91 years old this year, but that doesn't change his passion for physics research.

所以他仍然坚守在强子对撞机的第一线,甚至偶尔有了兴趣,还会来接受一下采访。

It's just that for the reporter's question, the elderly physicist first made a rigorous correction.

“不是四夸克奇特强子,而是质量约为39.8亿电子伏特的含奇异夸克的隐粲四夸克候选态奇特强子。 ”

The reporter was stunned for a moment, and then said apologetically: "Oh, sorry, it was my mistake, you know, this long list of words is really too difficult to remember." ”

Higgs waved his hand: "There's no need to worry too much, in fact, it's good that you can remember that it's four quarks." ”

"And with regard to your question, I would say that the discovery of any new particle gives me the same feeling that the Higgs particle was discovered in the first place."

"Excitement, and excitement."

"So I have only one thought about the discovery of the Huaguo Institute of High Energy Physics, and that is to send my highest respect to thank them for their contributions. ”

The reporter was stunned for a moment, and then asked: "Do you mean that you think the importance of the Higgs particle, and this four-quark uh...... Are cryptobizarre quark particles equal? But the Higgs particle gives mass to other particles, and it should be more important, for our universe. ”

Higgs smiled and did not correct the reporter's mistake again.

He just tilted his head and asked, "Are you the illegitimate child of God?" ”

The reporter was stunned for a moment and didn't react, "What? What illegitimate son of God? ”

Higgs smiled: "Since you are not God's illegitimate child, then don't speculate about God, or the idea of the universe." ”

"Our universe is made up of all kinds of particles that we have discovered and particles that we have not discovered, all of which are indispensable."

"It's like we humans have more than 200 different cells in our body, and among them, can you tell which one is useless? Can you imagine what would have become of humans without one of these cells? ”

"So there is no such thing as high or low for any elementary particle, because no one can imagine what our universe would be like without any of these particles, and whether it would be destroyed on the spot."

"What's more, this new particle discovered by Chinese scientists is definitely of great significance."

"As the first discovery of a strange hadron containing a singular quark and a tetraquark in the entire high-energy physics community, it can deepen our understanding of non-perturbation effects in quantum chromodynamics and help us understand the microstructure of strong matter, which is definitely a milestone."

Listening to Higgs's introduction, the reporter probably understood the first half of the part, but he could only express his confusion about the last sentence.

Of course, journalists are not about understanding what the interviewers say, especially for science journalists like them.

Interviews in confusion and ending in confusion are the norm.

In contrast, he should care more about the points worth digging in this news.

"You're absolutely right, and I agree."

He first expressed his approval, and then mentioned one thing: "In addition, I also noticed that in the paper of the Huaguo Institute of High Energy Physics, the contribution of a researcher named Li Mu in that paper was specifically mentioned, especially in mathematical analysis, and I heard that the first signal example they found came from Li Mu's analysis of the experimental data of Shangjing Spectrum III. ”

"It was this first signal case that gave them guidance and finally made this result."

"As far as I know, this Li Mu has long been famous in the mathematical community, and he has successively proved several famous conjectures in the mathematical community, and in terms of mathematical ability, he has been considered the most powerful candidate for the next Fields Medal."

"So, I would like to ask Dr. Higgs, how much significance do you think Li Mu's mathematical ability is to the study of particle physics?"

Hearing this, Higgs's body sat up straight.

"That's a great question," he laughs. ”

"I've read the whole paper, and in particular, it points out the processing method used by Li Mu in the process of denoising the experimental data."

"If their discovery is a surprise to our particle physics community, then the mathematical noise reduction scheme invented by Li Mu is a surprise to all our particle physicists."

“对于我们来说,粒子对撞机,就是我们手中的枪支,而这种降噪方案,则是能够帮我们稳住弹道的配件。”

"But it's a pity that the noise reduction scheme in this is only applicable to their experiment, and it can't be universalized yet."

"So I'd love to invite Mu Li to CERN and help us design the same excellent noise reduction scheme for the experimental data."

“我也相信这是每个CERN研究院们都期待的。”

"Actually, we have also sent an invitation letter to Li Mu, hoping to hire him as a direct researcher."

"Unfortunately, he doesn't seem to have replied yet."

The reporter suddenly showed surprise: "Did you directly hire him as a researcher?" ”

"Look, your problem is out of tune again." Higgs shook his head, "You're probably seriously underestimating the value of a math genius. ”

"Oh, sorry......" the reporter quickly apologized.

……

It's just that what is the mathematical genius in Higgs's mouth doing at this time?

"Still haven't found ......"

In the dormitory provided by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Li Mu had a large pile of scratch paper spread out in front of him.

The particle they were looking for has been found, and the problem seems to have been solved.

But whether it is Li Mu or others in the research institute, it is clear that it is not yet.

Because they found that it was only a charged Zcs(3985)+, and the neutral adjoining particle, no matter how much data they analyzed, they never found its signal there.

For such a situation, other researchers, including academicians, are very calm.

Because they've seen a lot of it.

If they were able to discover two new particles in quick succession, they would have to wonder if they would have exhausted years of luck.

But Li Mu did not give up.

For so long, he has screened the experimental data several times, but he has never found it.

In this regard, he believes that there must be some problem.

“但现在从实验数据中,已经找不到有什么问题了。”

"Could it be that the current theory is problematic?"

Li Mu's heart couldn't help but have doubts.

And this questioning represents a questioning of the Standard Model.

(End of chapter)