When, according to the instructions of the theory, it is not surprising that there is a problem with considering the theory.

Especially for the Standard Model of physics.

The Standard Model is not standard, and it is a well-known fact in physics.

After all, there is a problem in the first place, that is, the Standard Model does not describe gravity, so assuming that one day in the future, physicists can really unify the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics perfectly, the Standard Model will probably need to undergo a major modification to put gravity into the framework.

But that day is obviously still too far away, and the current Standard Model can only describe the three forces of electromagnetic force, strong force and weak force in one model, and even although they are placed in one model, it does not mean that these three forces are unified.

So far, only the electroweak force has been unified, while the strong interaction force still exists in the model, free from the electroweak.

For example, the peculiar hadron discovered by Li Mu and others this time is also to further help physicists find the properties and characteristics of the strong interaction force, so as to provide help for the integration of the strong interaction force into the unity.

Therefore, not long after their paper was published, it has already attracted many citations from scholars who study strong interactions.

"And now, the Standard Model tells me that Zcs(3985)+ and neutral concomitant states should be generated at the same time, but in the experimental data, it is not reflected at all, as if something ......"

"In the data of these experiments, it is hidden. ”

All sorts of thoughts skimmed through his mind, until eventually, a term came to his mind.

Non-perturbation effect.

"What are you thinking?"

The door of the dormitory was opened, and a voice came, which was actually mainly because Li Mu did not close the door.

Li Mu pulled his thoughts away from the thoughts in his mind and turned his head to look over.

"Academician Yue."

"Hmm."

Yue Lang nodded, and then sat next to Li Mu.

"Still looking for that neutral concomitant particle?"

Li Mu nodded: "Yes." ”

Yue Lang smiled and said with emotion: "It's good to be young, and there is such energy and momentum, just like me back then, after I graduated from university, I worked at CERN, and I did research with Mr. Ding Zhaozhong's L3 group, and we were also looking for all kinds of new particles at that time. ”

"At that time, I was just as motivated as you was, and I felt that I would definitely be able to find a new particle."

"And in fact, we found it in the end, of course, but it didn't have much to do with me."

Yue Lang shook his head, probably lamenting his naïve thoughts at the beginning.

"Particle physics says that it is not troublesome, and it is not easy to say that it is simple, and those particles that have not yet been discovered seem to be placed in front of our eyes, under the guidance of the Standard Model, waiting for us to find them."

"But reality always turns out, and they always seem to be teasing us."

"So, what we have to do is pretend not to care about these particles, and then one day we can catch one of their tails that leak out of them."

Li Mu nodded slightly, he could hear that Yue Lang was persuading himself not to be too demanding.

"You're right." Li Muying said: "But sometimes we have to try. ”

Yue Lang smiled: "Of course, it makes sense to think like this. ”

"So, do you have any ideas now?"

Li Mu pondered for a moment, and then said: "The theory tells us that whether it is a charged peculiar hadron or a neutral peculiar hadron, they are all born together in the process of decay of the meson meson. ”

"But now, if you can't find a match in the experimental data."

"So now I have to think about whether it's theoretical, that there's something wrong with our Standard Model."

Hearing Li Mu's words, Yue Lang fell into silence for a long time, and only spoke after about half a minute: "I must say that this idea of yours is very bold and very important. ”

"When experiments don't validate theories, we have to consider whether the theory is imperfect."

Yue Lang stood up.

Li Mu's words obviously attracted his attention.

Pacing in the dormitory, Yue Lang lowered his head in contemplation.

"Although so far, almost all the results of particle collision experiments related to the weak and strong forces are basically in line with the standard model, we must also admit that it is only almost."

“李牧，伱应该也知道，咱们物理学界一直在回避的一个问题，那就是标准模型虽然很准确，但其实这个模型其实甚至并不自洽。”

Hearing Yue Lang's words, Li Mu nodded.

"For so many years, we have been trying to get a non-perturbation definition of the Standard Model, for example, through lattice theory."

"The current Standard Model approximates the definition in terms of a series expansion, also known as perturbation expansion."

"If we take only the first few terms of the series, we will find that the Standard Model can give conclusions that are very close to the experimental results, which is why it is called a very successful theory."

"But if we take the first few hundred terms of the series expansion, the results of the Standard Model will be very different from the experiments."

"The more terms that are expanded from the series, the greater the gap between the results of the Standard Model and the results of the experiment, and even tends to infinity, so the approximation of the defined Standard Model by the expansion of the series is not a self-consistent model in theory."

Speaking of this, Yue Lang's voice paused, he stopped pacing, and raised his head to look at Li Mu.

"Maybe you're right, the experimental data doesn't correspond to the Standard Model, and it's likely that this is the case."

"Unfortunately, this problem is not easy to solve."

“物理学界尝试了这么多年，都仍然未能将标准模型的级数展开实现收敛，也许我们只有将它收敛起来，我们才能够找到那个想要的中性伴随态。”

Yue Lang shook his head and sighed slightly.

This kind of unsolved problem in physics is like a conjecture in mathematics, which has lasted for a long time, but has never been solved.

Maybe it can only be handed over to a young man like Li Mu, right?

As for an elderly person like him, he probably can't do it.

After all, it is well known that a scientist's most outstanding achievements are often born in his youth, and in old age, basically all he can do is tinker with those past achievements.

In the end, Yue Lang patted Li Mu's shoulder, and said with a smile: "Of course, you don't have to be too anxious, these experimental data now, you can't find the existence of neutral concomitant states, you can still do it in the future, now it's just a hundred thousand sets of data, at the end of the year, the positron collider will start again, and next time we will optimize the collision parameters, it won't be like this time only 127 were found." ”

"The larger the sample size, the better the chance of discovery."

"So there's no need to rush."

"Of course, if you want to use your mathematical skills to compensate for the inconsistencies of the Standard Model, I support it."

"That's what a math genius like you should do."

"Come on, boy."

Afterwards, Yue Lang didn't say anything more, turned around and left the dormitory.

And Li Mu fell into thinking.

Standard Model Perturbation Unfolding......

He picked up his pen and wrote down the Standard Model series expansion on paper.

Then, the knowledge of perturbation theory in mathematics also entered his mind.

"The physics community expands the Standard Model series and hopes that when n approaches infinity, Fn(g) will also approach the integral value we want, but for now, when N approaches infinity, Fn(g) will only diverge and not converge."

"This can only be due to the lack of one or a few restrictive conditions."

"But what could this restrictive condition be......

Li Mu's gaze suddenly certain.

Then, with his mathematical intuition, he added a restriction to each level.

This is a formula that seems very troublesome, but in Li Mu's eyes, this formula is full of mathematical beauty.

But the most important thing is - "it seems...... Got it? ”

He was a little stunned.

Because, this originally divergent series expansion suddenly converged with the addition of this new formula.

"Is that the problem solved?"

It's like a magical intuition that guided Li Mujiang to discover this formula.

He frowned and thought for a moment, and for a moment he couldn't believe it.

A problem that has plagued the physics community for decades, I directly found the conditions to control its divergence by virtue of the divergence of the original Standard Model series?

But then, when he studied it again, he found the shortcomings.

“这个式子还缺乏对弱相互作用力的协调。”

"This should be the problem......

It's just that although the problem was discovered, a smile appeared on Li Mu's face.

Because this accidental mathematical intuition, although it did not directly point to the answer, allowed him to find the key to solving the whole problem.

Perhaps, giving the Standard Model a complete mathematical definition of non-perturbation will be implemented in his hands.

(End of chapter)