The rhetorical devices of the Chinese language are very rich. If rhetorical devices can be properly used in speeches, it can effectively enhance the vividness of language and significantly improve the effect of expression. Therefore, we should be good at using some rhetorical devices to serve what we want to express when we speak.

● Metaphor

Metaphor is a technique often used when speaking, which makes the language vivid and vivid, and concretizes and popularizes the abstract and esoteric content, so that the audience can touch, see and imagine. A brilliant metaphor can make a strong impression. For example, in 2008, in the sixth competition of "Winning in China" held by CCTV, Yu Minhong, president of New Oriental Education Group, made a wonderful comment and published the "Tree and Grass Theory":

Each of us needs our own space to grow, we have two ways of life, the first is to live like grass, although you are alive, you are still growing every year, but you are a grass after all, you absorb rain, dew, sunshine but do not grow big, people can step on you, but people will not suffer because of your pain, people will not pity you because you are stepped on, because people themselves do not see you.

Therefore, each of us should choose the second way of living – to live like a tree, to grow like a tree. Even if we are nothing now, as long as you have the seeds of a tree, even if you are stepped on in the soil, you can still absorb the nutrients of the soil and grow on your own, maybe you will not grow up in two or three years, but in ten or twenty years, you will definitely be able to grow into a towering tree!

At that time, even in distant places, people can see you and approach you. You can give people shade, you can give people a shade, you can help others, and even if people leave you and look back, you are still a beautiful sight on the horizon. Trees are beautiful landscapes when they are alive, and they are also pillars after they die. It is useful to live or die, this is the standard of life and growth of each of our students.

Yu Minhong's excellent speech stems from his quick thinking and profound thoughts. Here he uses an analogy to illustrate two kinds of people: the first is to live like grass, and the second is to live like a tree and grow like a tree. The contrast between the two is stark and innovative, admonishing each student to be a person and a standard of growth, which arouses the emotional resonance of the audience and produces a powerful magical force.

●Borrowing

In order to make a certain issue clear and vivid, borrowing another content that is related to this content, more specific, and familiar to people is borrowing it, which is borrowing. For example: "Learn ABC well, it can be used everywhere", and see ABC as a characteristic of English to refer to English; "Illiterate Ding", borrowing the word "Ding" to refer to all words; "Qianmo traffic, chickens and dogs smell each other", "chicken dogs" replace the voice of chickens and dogs, because the voice of chickens and dogs belongs to chickens and dogs; "The military revolution has not ended, and the children have gone to the east", and the "military revolution" has replaced the war, because weapons and armor are the material conditions on which the war depends.

The flexible use of borrowing and substitution skills in speech will make the speaker's words more vivid and more effective. For it not only speaks of someone or something, but also says or implies something that is intimately related to someone or something. Therefore, such words are more likely to entice the listener to associate with them, and thus more attractive to the listener.

●Ranking

Combining several semantically related, identical, or similar sentences is called ranking. Ranking can enhance the momentum of speech, and it can also enhance the rhythm of the language, so it is often used in speeches.

Martin Luther King, Jr., the leader of the black civil rights movement in the United States, used a series of sentences in his famous speech "I Have a Dream" to make it unforgettable.

I have a dream: one day, this country will rise up and put into practice the true meaning of the founding principle. We believe in a truth that does not need to be proved: "All men are created equal." ”

I have a dream: one day, even Mississippi, where oppression and injustice are like a scorching desert, will eventually become an oasis of youth of freedom and justice.

I have a dream: one day, my four beloved children will live in a country where people are judged no longer by the color of their skin, but by their character.

Today, I have a dream in my heart.

I have a dream: one day, in Alabama, black boys and black girls and white boys and white girls will be like brothers and sisters, arm in arm, shoulder to shoulder, and have fun together......

He did not directly say that he wanted "civil rights" and "freedom", but set up several scenes of people loving each other and being intimate in the country full of civil rights, freedom and fraternity that he created, so as to awaken people's strong desire and pursuit of civil rights and freedom.

● Puns

When speaking, every word or sentence used has a specific meaning, and sometimes this meaning is not expressed in the literal sense of the word or sentence, but is implicit behind the word or sentence. And the meaning that the speaker wants to express is implicit behind the word or sentence. This is the pun intended.

There are many ways to use a pun, but the main one is to use homophony.

Once, a young man asked the old man for directions: "Hey! Which way to get to Suojiazhuang? How far is it going? ”

The old man glanced up at the young man, and was very disapproving of his arrogance and rudeness, and replied casually: "Take the big road for ten thousand zhang, and take the small road for seven or eight thousand zhang." ”

The young man was puzzled when he heard this: "Why do you talk about it here?" ”

The old man smiled and said to him: "It turns out that this place is about Li (Li), and since the people who don't talk about Li (Li) have come, they have only talked about it." ”

As soon as the young man heard this, he knew that he was rude, and the old man was criticizing himself politely, and hurriedly apologized to the old man.

In special circumstances, if you are unwilling to make a clear accusation, the use of homophony can achieve the effect of euphemistic criticism.

●Control

The function of contrast is to form a sharp contrast, highlight the essential characteristics of things, make people understand as soon as they hear it, and thus enhance their persuasive power. For example: "The Communist Party is to struggle, that is, to serve the people wholeheartedly, not to serve the people half-heartedly or two-thirds of the heart and two-thirds of the heart." ”

Here, in order to emphasize and affirm "wholeheartedness", we will use the negation of "half-heartedness or two-thirds of the mind" to contrast and explain in order to deepen the impression.

● Quote

When analyzing and explaining a certain issue, quoting the words of famous people or commonly used idioms to clarify one's own point of view, or quoting the words of the other party to refute them, are all common methods used when speaking. For example:

As the saying goes, "Sing what song you go to on what mountain." And he said, "Look at the food and eat, and tailor it to your clothes." "Whatever we do, we have to look at the situation, and the same is true for articles and speeches.

Here are two folk proverbs that vividly illustrate that essays and speeches must be tailored to specific situations. Another example: "The spring equinox has just passed, and Qingming is coming." 'The sunrise river flowers are red, and the spring river is as green as blue. 'This is the spring of revolution, this is the spring of the people, this is the spring of science! ”

Here is a quote from Bai Juyi's "Memories of Jiangnan", which vividly shows the great spring, symbolizes the thriving appearance of the motherland, and expresses the author's gratification.

In the speech, quoting famous quotes, idioms, allusions, and some specific examples and data can enhance the weight and effect of the speech.