Chapter 60 Overview of Egyptian and Mediterranean Civilizations

The Mediterranean coast is one of the most mysterious and imaginative places on earth, and the majesty of the Pyramids of Giza Khof in Egypt's Ro River Delta makes it impossible to wonder who built them. Is it necessary for the mausoleum to be so exaggerated and extravagant? What are they really used for? When people who have just migrated to Beirut see the towering columns and cubes of the Balbek Sun Temple at sunset, they must have been as terrified and confused as they are today. The temple built its foundations and walls with 2,000-ton cut-and-square cornerstones, and in front of the temple stands a towering 1,600-ton precision-cut obelisk. These incredible and extraordinary structures reminded those who came into contact with them of God, and they began to believe that God knows everything and can do everything, and God can do and destroy everything. These great buildings are the result of human beings' deep sense that "there is heaven outside the sky, and there are people outside of man", that they are insignificant and incompetent, and that human beings are only the creation of God, and that God controls the destiny of mankind.

According to scientific analysis and speculation, these pyramids and temples were built by non-humans, i.e., highly intelligent people, who once lived on Earth. When the earth began to warm and the sea level began to rise 45,000 years ago, the Homo sapiens foresaw that the earth was about to encounter serious natural disasters and environmental changes, so the Homo sapiens used superb technology and means to build these pyramids and temples as their living and working bases for continuing to reside on the earth.

Of course, this scientific reasoning must have hurt the feelings of some people, almost all of whom were those who believed that these great historical sites were created by their ancestors. However, no one can live in the illusory for a long time, replacing reality with fantasy, and only knowledge, culture and civilization based on facts and truth can lead mankind to a bright and happy future.

Between 45,000 and 25,000 years ago, human beings were in the early stage of civilization, and in this stage, human beings could only make simple stone tools, only firing rough pottery, and would not have mastered smelting technology, let alone metal tools, so in the early stage of human civilization, it was impossible for human beings to master the knowledge, technology and means to build Egyptian pyramids, Balbek temples and other large-scale, complex structures, and buildings with superb construction and construction techniques.

According to scientific analysis and determination, these great buildings are the working and living bases of the super-Homo sapiens, and it is also possible that the super-sapiens deliberately left monuments and warnings to mankind. Perhaps through these objects, super-Homo sapiens want to inspire human beings to develop scientific knowledge, manufacturing technology and engineering technology such as mathematics, mechanics, materials science, engineering, architecture, etc., and even inspire human beings to explore and master the technology and equipment to escape from the earth, and fly out of the earth like super-Homo sapiens to pursue freedom and eternal life in the vast universe. Because super-Homo sapiens believe that humanity will one day be able to realize that the Earth and the solar system will become more and more dangerous, and will eventually lead to destruction.

After the Great Migration of humans into Egypt and living in Egypt for several generations, the ancient Egyptians found that the pyramids had been without owners for a long time, so the Egyptians began to boldly enter the interior of the pyramids and transform the great pyramids such as Khufu into the tombs of the Egyptian pharaohs.

In the process of renovating the pyramids and building the mausoleums, the Egyptian elite had to solve many difficult problems such as mathematics, mechanics, materials science, engineering, and architecture, and in the process of solving these problems, the branches of mathematics such as geometry, algebra, and engineering drawing in ancient Egypt developed; The solution of hoisting, transportation, installation, structural stability and other problems of bulky materials promoted the development of early mechanics and materials science. The organization and management of manpower, materials and funds, as well as the development and breakthrough of construction technology, gave birth to the earliest engineering and architecture of mankind.

Although the ancient Egyptians gained a lot of scientific knowledge and technology in the process of renovating the pyramids and temples, the Egyptians could not build pyramids like the Pyramid of Khufu on their own. Later, the Guae built some smaller, simple, and crude pyramids, but these pyramids quickly collapsed and broke down, and these pyramids eventually turned into rubble ruins.

Great pyramids are not unique to the Mediterranean, archaeologists in the last century have discovered large pyramids completely covered with vegetation in the mountains near Sarajevo in Bosnia-Herzegovina on the Balkan Peninsula of Europe. This pyramid is larger than the scale of the Pyramid of Khufu. According to scientists, the pyramid was built 35,000 years ago, and we believe that the pyramid of Giza and the giant obelisk and pedestal of the Mabarbek Sun Temple in Beirut are also products of this distant era.

The legacy left by Homo sapiens will continue to be discovered by mankind, and one day humanity will gain more great revelations, superior knowledge and technology from these legacies, paving the way for humanity to move towards absolute freedom and eternal life, so what Homo sapiens can do, humanity should be able to do.

It is clear that the cultural relics such as writings, patterns, reliefs and sculptures in Egyptian pyramids and temples were left by the Egyptians. According to scientific research, from the physiognomy and image analysis of the pharaoh statues and frescoes and reliefs left by the ancient Egyptians, the ancient Egyptian pharaohs and nobles have the physiognomy characteristics of the yellow race, perhaps they are the descendants of the Altai or Sumerian nobles of Central Asia.

Through the interpretation of the fresco texts of the pyramids and temples, the beliefs of the Egyptians resembled shamanism in terms of religious beliefs. Egyptian folk burial methods generally use methods such as "curly burial" and "secondary burial"; Last time, celebrities such as pharaohs and nobles used the complicated and expensive method of mummy pyramid burials. Mummified burial is a method of embalming and treating corpses developed by elite Egyptian priests on the basis of shamanic teachings such as "the bones are immortal, the soul is eternal". Mummification requires the consumption of precious spices and medicinal herbs, the construction of pyramids and tombs requires a lot of manpower, material resources, financial resources and time, and almost every pharaoh has to spend his whole life after coming to power, exhausting the country's financial resources to build his own mausoleum and prepare for his own funeral!

In terms of production methods, the ancient Egyptians who first entered the Nile Delta made a living by hunting, gathering and grazing cattle and sheep. According to archaeological research, the ancient Egyptians developed agriculture more than 600 years later than the Sumerians, and after the development of agriculture in the Nile Delta, Egypt's population developed rapidly, and villages, cities and societies achieved unprecedented development.

In 3200 BC, Menes, an elite Egyptian aristocratic elite, unified Egypt and established the world's first slave state in the middle and lower reaches of the Nile River in northeastern Africa (present-day Middle East), and he became the first pharaoh and supreme ruler of Egypt, which marked the birth of Egyptian civilization.

In terms of social life, the ancient Egyptians admired freedom and pleasure, they enjoyed pasta, barbecue, fruits, vegetables and beer, etc., and the city had commercial places for socializing, gambling, singing and dancing, and drinking for citizens to spend and enjoy.

In terms of ideology, the ancient Egyptians maintained the shamanic worldview, outlook on life and values in their thoughts, and they believed that this life was only a temporary residence in the world, and the next life was the eternal and destination, so they all had the idea of "despising this life and attaching importance to the next life", so "pursuing happiness in this life and ensuring happiness in the next life" has become the overall value pursuit of society. This ideology determined the way of life and social climate in ancient Egypt.

Culturally, the ancient Egyptians used a unique hieroglyphic writing system through which they were able to record things, express thoughts, feelings, events, and ideas, and at the same time issue rulers' opinions, commands, and laws. In science and technology, they have established the techniques of algebra and geometry in mathematics, and they have gained extensive experience and technology in surveying, architecture, materials science, and architectural engineering. In astronomy, they made systematic and precise observations and calculations of the solar system, established the earliest solar calendar in human history, accurately calculated the time of the year, month, and day, and the solar terms that guided agricultural production and human life.

In terms of international relations and diplomacy, Egypt is a long strip of country based on the Nile Delta and the southern section of the Nile River to the northern border of Sudan. crossed the desert to the west and conquered Libya and other places; Conquer the Sultan to the south and make the Sultan a vassal state of Egypt.

Egypt also often waged annexation wars by land against Palestine and Syria in the northeast, on the west coast of the Mediterranean, and often acquired areas of domination in these regions. Therefore, in ancient times, Egypt was a well-known wealthy, cultural, military and world hegemon in the Middle East, and Egypt was the center of world civilization at that time!

During the establishment of ancient Egypt, the Arabs, Hebrews, Hittites, Akkadians, and later the Greeks, Jews, Assyrians, Iranians, and Romans had close contacts with Egypt.

In ancient times, the Arabs mainly lived in Yemen, Oman and other southern regions of the Arabian Peninsula, and the Arab nation made a living from animal husbandry, agriculture, navigation and fishing, maritime trade and other industries, so the Arabs were the first to develop international trade between Egypt and India and other eastern regions, and the Arabs were the last nomadic people in the Middle East, and they were also one of the peoples who were finally engaged in agricultural development. Separated by the Red Sea and vast deserts, there were few direct conflicts and wars between the Arabs and the Egyptians.

Both the Hebrews and the Arabs are branches of the Semitic people, who first lived in south-central Arabia and lived by herding, farming, seafaring, fishing, and maritime trade. After the rise of the Sumerian civilization in the Mesopotamian region of the Two Rivers Valley, the Semites began to migrate northward, entering Sumerian territories and cities, trading with the Sumerians, farming, grazing, and selling coolies for the Sumerians, and at the same time providing services for the Sumerian royal palace and priesthood, etc., thus giving rise to new Semitic peoples such as the Hebrews.

The Hebrews should have lived with the Sumerians for a long time, they had a very close integration relationship with the Sumerians, and they systematically and comprehensively absorbed the achievements of the Sumerians in language, writing, culture, thought and religion, and these experiences and knowledge provided a solid cultural and ideological foundation for the later Hebrew branches of the Israelites, Jews, etc., to enter the world civilization stage.

The Hittites first lived in the southern Balkans of Europe, then moved to Asia Minor for agriculture and commerce, and then went to war with the Sumerian Babylonian dynasty and occupied a wide range of areas including present-day Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, the Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, present-day Iraq, and northern Iran. The Hittite Empire had long been in confrontation with Babylon, Iran and other Middle Eastern empires. The Hittites are the ancestors of present-day Syrians, Kurds, Armenians, and other peoples. They are a great force to be reckoned with in the Middle East.

Akkad was the name of a city in the central part of Mesopotamia, where many Semites lived at the time. Around the beginning of 3000 BC, a branch of the Semites, led by Sargon I, conquered the Sumerians in the valley of the two rivers and established the kingdom of Akkad, and from then on this Semitic people became known as the Akkadians, and they gradually formed a new people.

The Sumerians were the first to bring early human civilization to the Middle East and the Mediterranean coast, where they gave birth to new races and civilizations, and the Sumerians also cultivated powerful and fierce gravediggers for themselves.

After the fall of the Sumerian dynasty, the Middle East entered an era of warlords and warlords. At this time, the Egyptian dynasty played a stabilizing role in balancing the Middle East and the Mediterranean coast.

Since Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Red Sea and saline desert lands to the east, and the Sahara Desert to the west and south, Egypt's surrounding areas are resource-poor and barren, except for the Nile Delta and its banks. In order to meet the luxurious living needs of the Egyptian pharaohs, priests, court and nobles, Egypt had to develop its economy and carry out trade activities with the countries and peoples of the Middle East, the Mediterranean islands and the coastal areas. Spices and medicinal herbs were trafficked by sea to Egypt's coastal ports in exchange for precious metals such as gold and silver, dyes, grain, beer, and meat. After the earliest peoples who traded with the Egyptians by sea, the Phoenicians, Greeks, Hebrews, etc., in the middle and late history of ancient Egypt, the peoples who traded with Egypt included the Greeks, Jews, Arabs, Romans, etc.

The Phoenicians were the first maritime people to settle on the Mediterranean coast, and they were not only skilled in shipbuilding and navigation, but also gifted in language and writing, inventing phonics and phonetic scripts, which laid the foundation for the Middle East and Western phonetic scripts. At the same time, they were pioneers in maritime trade. Egypt's shipyards, ports, and seafaring caravans were all built and operated by the Phoenicians.

The Greeks were originally a maritime people living on the island of Crete in the northeastern Mediterranean, and then gradually migrated to the Aegean coast and other European regions, and they were the people who finally mastered the needs of the Egyptians, monopolized the export of goods and goods from European origins, and obtained rich wealth. The Greeks founded the world's first city-state republic, the Republic of the Athenian City-State (Athens Yadia

In the ancient Vietnamese language, Yaya means woman, saint, and mother, and Diandia

Athens means "the city of Our Lady of Justice"), and the country was founded on maritime commerce and commerce, with the largest naval caravans and armed fleets in the region at the time. At the same time, the Greeks attached great importance to the inheritance and research of culture and science, and in terms of language, they integrated the ancient agricultural national language of southern Europe, that is, the Far Eastern ancient Yue language, on the basis of Phoenician, such as the fire god Puluomixiusi in Greek mythology. "Luo Luo" means to know, to know, to know, to know; "Mimi" means to have, to have; "Xiu Xiu" means to burn fire, burn; "Si Shi" means food. "Prometheus puluomixiusi" literally translates to "the wise tribe who has the person who has the burnt food", and in ancient times, it was true that only those who ate the burned food had the fire! At present, Cantonese, Mongolians, and Japanese people still call the roasted food "xiusi roasted food". According to historical records, in terms of science and technology, on the basis of absorbing the achievements of the Middle East and Egyptian civilizations, the Greeks have conducted quite systematic and in-depth research in philosophy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, mechanics, materials science, architecture, and astronomy.

After the fall of the Sumerian dynasty, many Arabs returned to their homeland to engage in herding, agriculture and maritime trade, and they carried out maritime trade in Persia and India through the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean to meet the import needs of Egypt, the Middle East and the Mediterranean coastal regions. As the Arabs controlled this maritime trade route, the Arabs gradually became wealthy and became a very important force in the Middle East.

The Jews are a very peculiar people of the human race, they define and divide the peoples of the world according to a religious book in Hebrew, according to which the Jews come from one of the ancestral genealogies of the Hebrews, namely Abraham, Isaac, Jacob (i.e., Israel), Moses, etc.

After Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, between about 930 and about 722 B.C.E., the Israelites established a state in the northern part of present-day Palestine, with their capital in Samaria. After the division of the United Kingdom of Israel, the northern kingdom continued to use the name of Israel, which was historically known as the Kingdom of Israel. The southern kingdom was called the Kingdom of Judah, and the Jews were the citizens of the Kingdom of Judah.

In about 721 B.C.E., the kingdoms of Israel and Judah were destroyed by the Assyrian Empire Sargon II. From then on, the Jews became a wandering merchant people who lost their homeland.

Linguistically, the Jewish people have a very deep relationship with the ancient Yue people in the East, the real pronunciation of the Jewish ethnic name is yehudi, and "yehu Yehu" means the feudal king of the empire in the ancient Yue language; "Di 嫡" means lineage and orthodoxy; The literal translation of yehudi means orthodox feudal royal family. Their only god is commonly known as "Yahweh Yehuhua", and "Yehu Yehu" is the king; "huahua" means flower, wonderful, mysterious, soul and spirit; "Yahweh yehuhua" literally translates to "God of kings"; Yahweh's real name is "Yawei" (the name of the god is avoided among believers), and in the ancient Vietnamese language, "Yaya" represents feminine and feminine; "Wei Wei" represents male, masculine; "Yawei" literally translates as "Yin and Yang converge to give birth to all things", that is, the Creator. The holy city of Jerusalem founded by the Jews was Yelusale

The meaning of G in the ancient Yue language is that yelu is a diacritic of yehu Ye Hu, which means the king of Fengjiang and the king; sa means to know, to know, to know, to know, to know, to be a psychic teacher, to be an oracle teacher; le

g means future, future; "The holy city of Jerusalem yelusale

The literal translation of "g" means "the royal city of the prophets." And "yeshu" is also a diacritic of "yehu", when he was judged by the Romans, Jesus confessed that he was the king of the Israelites, and the king was "yehu Yehu". In terms of customs and culture, the Jews have always maintained the habits of a matrilineal clan society, with women serving as priests, patriarchs and heads, women having divine and royal powers, as well as the right to manage the affairs of the clan and the family and disposing of property, and the family surname adopts the maternal family name, these customs and cultures are very similar to those of ancient peoples such as the ancient Yue people. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Semites, Hebrews, and Jews have deep cultural roots with ancient peoples such as the ancient Yue people in the East.

In terms of life and religious practices, the Jews have similarities and differences with the ancient Yue people. There are similarities between the ancient Yue people's "Fuxi and Nuwa Theory of Human Ancestors" and the Jewish "Adam and Eve's Theory of Human Ancestors", in the ancient Yue language, Fuxi Fuxi means male elders, xi is male genitalia, and Fuxi means to marry a man. Nu wa

VWA

v agrees with Aunt Yi Jinyin to refer to women, Wawa refers to children, and Nuwa's ability is to "give birth to a woman", that is, to give birth to a daughter; The result of translating Adam and Eve in Old Vietnamese is that Adam yada

G is quite with Yaro Yala

g, which is literally translated by the ancient Yue people, also means marriage with a man; Eve xiawa and Yawa Yawa agree in close pronunciation, and the literal translation of the ancient Yue people means to give birth to a daughter.

At the same time, the Jews and the ancient Yue people both like to eat cooked food, and like to worship the gods with cooked animals, but the Jews oppose the eating of pork, let alone use pork for sacrifice. This shows that the two ethnic groups have lived together and share common beliefs and living habits. At the same time, it also shows that the Jews belonged to the early nomadic people, and the ancient Yue people have always been settled residents who mainly farmed, and only the settled residents could raise pigs and other domestic animals. But pigs are only suitable for captivity, not suitable for stocking, pigs once stocked are easy to become ferocious wild boars, and pigs eat a lot, a large number of pigs will cause vegetation destruction, increase the material consumption and workload of nomads, so nomads are very disgusted with pigs. However, pig raising is the standard for farming people and residents, because pork is their main source of meat food, farmers can specialize in planting pig food plants to solve the problem of large pig food.

In the late Egyptian period, the Roman Empire arose in the middle of the Italian peninsula on the northern shore of the Mediterranean, and the rising Romans became the real gravediggers and destroyers of the ancient Egyptian dynasty!

After a long period of peaceful development in ancient Egypt in the early and middle periods, in 1274 BC, a war broke out between the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt and the Hittite Empire at Kadeshi in Syria. In 1259 BC, the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt signed the Peace of Memphis with the Hittite Empire, ending the war between the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt and the Hittite Empire in Syria. Subsequently, Egypt's national power began to decline, domestic separatist forces began to run rampant, and civil wars were frequent.

In 664 B.C., the Assyrian Empire, which rose in Babylon in the valley of the two rivers, invaded Egypt, and although the Assyrian attack was repelled by the Egyptians, Egypt lost control of the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and fell into a long war with the Assyrians, and Egypt's national power suffered a serious blow.

In 609 BCE, Egypt fought the Second Battle of Megiddo with Assyria in order to regain control of the Mediterranean coast, in which Egypt defeated the Jewish kingdom and killed the Jewish monarch Josiah. The remnants of the Assyrian army were forced to withdraw from the Assyrian capital city of Nineveh and flee to Haran in the northern part of the valley of the two rivers. Since then, the Jews have lost their homeland and struggled to survive in the cracks of the cruel competition between the nations of the world.

In 525 BC, Cambyses, the third emperor of the Persian Empire, led an expedition to Egypt.

In 404 BC, the Persian ruler Darius II died, the Persian Empire was in civil strife, and the fourth anti-Persian revolt broke out in Egypt, this time led by Libyans in the Nile Delta region, led by Amirtaios II. He took control of Lower Egypt, at a time when the Persian Empire's rule in Egypt collapsed and the Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt came to an end. Egypt was back in the hands of the Egyptian nobility, but the long tug-of-war between the Egyptians and the Persians had only just begun.

After Alexander the Great overthrew the Persian Empire in 332 BC, he peacefully occupied and ruled Egypt by oracle, and Egypt became the domain of the Greeks.

Between 332 and 30 BC, Egypt entered the Ptolemaic period, and after the death of Alexander the Great, Alexander's successor, Ptolemy I, established a government agency based on the previous Egyptian model, with Alexandria as its capital. The city sought to demonstrate the power of its rulers and, with the famous Library of Alexandria at its core, became a center of world culture and scholarship.

Ptolemy I encouraged cultural undertakings and the development of industry and commerce, the most prominent of which was that Ptolemy I personally ordered the establishment of the world-famous Library of Alexandria, which was the largest library in the world at that time with a collection of about 700,000 volumes (papyrus scrolls) at its peak, and its completion attracted a large number of scholars at that time, such as Archimedes and Euclid, and other famous scholars came here to engage in research, which promoted the study of literature, mathematics, mechanics, geography, astronomy, anatomy, physiology and other disciplines in the ancient West to make great progress. For example, the first proofreading of Homer's epic poems was written by Zenododes, the director of the Library of Alexandria, and Eratosthenes also calculated the length of the meridian (only about 300 kilometers from the actual difference) after measuring in Ptolemaic Egypt, and further put forward the "theory of the circle of the earth", and many philosophical, poetic, literary, medical, religious, ethical and other scientific works of Egypt from the Old Kingdom to the Ptolemaic period have a large number of works collected here. These texts, knowledge, and research have formed the basis of Middle Eastern and Western culture and science. Although these documents are suspected of being fabricated, they also reflect the exploration and harvest of scientific knowledge and technology by ancient humans from another aspect, as for when and who discovered and created these knowledge and technologies.

In 51 BC, Cleopatra VII, the last queen of Egypt's Hellenistic Empire, ascended to the throne after colluding with Caesar to murder her younger brother Pharaoh Ptolemy XIII. The Romans hated her because she almost turned Rome into a province of Egypt, but the Egyptians praised her as a warrior for winning Egypt peace for 22 years.

After Caesar's death, Cleopatra colluded with Antony, the new ruler of Rome. After Octavian became the ruler of the Roman Empire, Octavian defeated Mark Antony and the Egyptian pharaoh Cleopatra at the Battle of Yaktim. Cleopatra then committed suicide by poisoning, and in 30 BC Egypt officially became a province of the Roman Empire. Since then, the ancient Egyptian empire has died.

At this time, the history of ancient Egypt lies quietly in the dim history of mankind, but the ancient Egyptian civilization still illuminates the dark sky of the Western world like a lighthouse, guiding the West to the path to civilization.