At present, all kinds of ethnic patterns in the world are formed by the great migration of human beings that began 45,000 years ago, which triggered the differentiation of human races, and the reintegration of human races after migratory humans settled and developed around the world.

According to archaeological research, before the great migration of human beings, many places on the earth were uninhabited or very sparsely populated areas, and at that time, human beings mainly lived in the southern continent of China, the Indochina Peninsula, the ice age continent of Southeast Asia, the South Asian subcontinent and the central African continent and other ice age tropics and subtropical regions.

Before the great migration of human beings, the yellow race basically lived in the ice age continent of Southeast Asia, the southern continent of China, the southern peninsula of China, the subcontinent of South Asia and other regions, and they were engaged in natural economies such as gathering, fishing and hunting, as well as more advanced industries such as agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery and handicrafts. Caucasians mainly live in the northwest of the South Asian subcontinent, and they are mainly engaged in natural economies such as gathering and hunting; Brown and red people mainly lived in relatively remote areas such as the Ice Age continent and the South Asian subcontinent in Southeast Asia, and they lived by gathering and fishing and hunting.

Due to the continuous warming of the earth's climate in the middle and late stages of the last ice age, which led to rising sea levels and forced people to move to higher land, southern China and the Indochina Peninsula became the most densely populated areas in the world at this stage. Archaeological evidence shows that the Lingnan region in southern China, namely Guangdong and Guangxi, and the Indochina Peninsula include the present-day Malaysian Peninsula, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and the northeast of the South Asian subcontinent, and the middle and late stages of the last ice age, that is, between 45,000 and 25,000 years ago, the most densely populated area on the earth, and the earliest area for human development of agriculture, breeding and animal husbandry.

With the intensification of global warming, the sea level continues to rise, more and more human beings gather in southern China and the Indochina Peninsula, new food crises and social crises break out frequently, and the earth's environment has been improved, and more places have become suitable for human habitation and life.

In the struggle with access to the ocean, modern humans separated from the early maritime peoples. According to the results of archaeological and linguistic research, the coastal area of the Gulf of Thailand, surrounded by Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina, was the first to appear on the sea for their livelihood, because archaeologists found the earliest human harbor and wharf buildings on the seabed near the sea. Linguists consider the region to be the purest Austronesian language, and the region is the birthplace of Austronesian languages around the world. At the same time, it is believed that archaeologists found ancient ship round stone anchors on the Pacific coast of South America, which were made of stone from the Indochina Peninsula and the southern coast of China, also indicate that the maritime peoples of this region were the first to have the technology and ability to sail across the ocean.

After the early humans with the ability to sail and fish in the sea gathered in coastal areas such as southern China and the Indochina Peninsula, they were forced to go to farther seas to fish, so they needed to build strong and reliable ships that could withstand wind and waves and sail on the sea for a long time. The maritime economy is a complex system, which not only involves professional skills and skills such as shipbuilding, navigation and fishing, but also needs ports and land bases to provide them with fresh water, food, trade, and the settlement of families and ethnic groups.

Due to the continuous rise of sea level, the ocean area has become more extensive, in order to obtain more marine resources, the earliest marine peoples of mankind from the coastal areas of southern China and the Indochina Peninsula, through navigation to the Pacific Islands, the southeast coast of China, as well as the Indian Ocean islands, the South Asian subcontinent, the Middle East coast, the coast of Africa and other regions, and even the west coast of the Americas, the Atlantic coast, the Mediterranean coast, the Arctic Ocean coast and other regions, due to the profound influence of the language and culture of the maritime peoples, These areas form the Austronesian cultural sphere. Since the early sea peoples belonged to the yellow race, the ancient sea peoples who now inhabit all parts of the world still retain the obvious yellow physiognomy characteristics.

According to archaeological findings, the earliest agricultural areas of human beings appeared in the Lancang, Mekong, and Zuojiang river basins in Guangxi, Yunnan, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Myanmar in China. These areas formed the earliest agricultural peoples of mankind, about 40,000 to 30,000 years ago, they mastered a complete set of agricultural production technology, the first to grow rice, vegetables, melons and fruits and other crops, they also planted barley, millet, sorghum and wheat and other food crops in the relatively cold and arid Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at that time. They also domesticated elephants, buffaloes, cattle, donkeys, pigs, sheep, rabbits, cats, dogs, chickens, ducks, geese and other livestock, as well as to solve the demand for meat food, and at the same time used elephants, buffaloes, cattle, donkeys, etc. as animal power and means of transportation, which improved the production efficiency of agriculture and the logistics situation of society. After human beings settled and developed here, they gradually formed the ancient Thai nation with yellow people as the main body, engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, and formed the ancient Thai language of Southeast Asia, the earliest mainland inhabitant language of human beings.

Because animal husbandry and agriculture are very different from the mode of production, after the development of animal husbandry technology, animal husbandry is separated from agriculture and develops independently, so the earliest nomads of human beings were born. With the increasing number of settled residents in agricultural areas, farming peoples began to migrate and colonize sparsely populated river and marshy areas suitable for agriculture and animal husbandry.

After the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the Lancang River, Mekong River, Zuojiang River and other river basins of the Indochina Peninsula, due to the increase of the settled population here, with the further improvement of the natural environment in the undeveloped areas, around 30,000 years ago, the farming peoples began to start from the base areas and develop the agricultural and animal husbandry areas of the South Asian subcontinent and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the west. developing agricultural and pastoral areas in southern China and south of the Yangtze River in the east; To the north, develop the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan, Qinling and Songpan Plateaus, Qinchuan Region, Hexi Corridor, Yellow River Basin, Loess Plateau, Mongolian Plateau, Siberia, Northern Europe, North America and other regions.

The ancient Tai people are the main body of the earliest farming peoples of mankind, the ancient Yue people are separated from the ancient Tai people, and the new people formed by the integration of the sea people, gathering and hunting peoples, the ancient Yue people first settled in the west of Guangxi, southeast Yunnan and northern Vietnam, the ancient Yue people are the main force of the farming people to the east and north.

The ancient Yue people developed eastward along the Yong and Yu rivers, and they built a vast and rich agricultural and pastoral area in the Pearl River valley area of present-day Guangdong, and the inhabitants here gradually formed the Yangyue people, in the ancient Yue language, Yang ya

g with bar la

Jinyin agrees, it is the meaning of home, the earliest home of the ancient Yue people is a dry column building, there are no caves in the Pearl River Delta Plain, so the ancient Yue people who reached there can only build shacks and dry fence houses to live, which shows that about 30,000 years ago human beings have mastered the construction technology of dry column houses, they have mastered the mechanical principles of building the frame of the house, and have mastered the basic carpentry technology and house construction technology such as planning and design, accurate measurement, shaping, mortise and tenon joints; The Guyue people who stayed in Guangxi and other regions were called Luoyue because they worshipped birds (the Guyue people became "birds" as "Luo Luo").

The ancient Yue people entered Hunan and the Dongting Lake basin area through the Xiangjiang River in the northeast of Guangxi, and after the ancient Yue people settled and developed here, they formed the Ouyue people (Ouou is close to "糇hou, gougou", in the ancient Yue people, "糇hou, gou gou" is the meaning of rice and grain). The Ouyue people developed to the east, and settled and developed in the areas of present-day Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang, and Ouyue was called East Ouyue, and the Ouyue settled and developed in Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi was called West Ouyue.

Eventually, the West Ouyue developed into a relatively independent Hunan and Ganjiang Yue people in the Xiangjiang River Basin and the Ganjiang River Basin in the south of the Yangtze River, and the Hunan and Ganyue people were the predecessors of the Yandi people, and the ancient Yue people living in Hubei evolved into the Shennong people. After the development and differentiation of the Eastern Ouyue people, the Wu people, the Yue people, the Wen people and other relatively independent ethnic groups were formed, and the Wu people lived in the area of present-day Jiangsu and Anhui, and later they established the state of Wu; The Yue people lived in the area of the Taihu Lake and Qiantang River basins in present-day Zhejiang, and later they established the Yue State and opposed the Wu State. The Wen people live in the Oujiang River basin area centered on Wenzhou, and the Wen people are a fusion of the ancient Yue people and the maritime peoples, who can not only engage in agriculture and animal husbandry, but also engage in marine fishing and marine transportation.

The Chaoshan region of present-day Fujian and Guangdong is a vast area for the integration and development of the ancient Yue people and the maritime peoples, and Fujian was called Minyue in ancient times (in the ancient Yue language, Min mi

It means "leech", which shows that in ancient times, the climate in Fujian was humid and hot, and there were many pests such as leeches).

Therefore, at present, Shanghainese, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Hokkien, Chaoshan and other languages have retained many ancient Vietnamese words, as well as Austronesian words, and these cultural relics are all imprints and evidence of ethnic integration. "Hehe" may be derived from the Austronesian word "huo", in which "huo" means fish or catching fish, and the maritime peoples will be able to fish the flowing water as "huo", which eventually becomes "hehe" in modern Chinese. The maritime peoples should have arrived at the estuaries of the various rivers of the mainland earlier than the ancient Yue and other ancient peoples. It was very important for the maritime peoples to have access to fresh water resources, to establish safe havens and settlements, and that the maritime peoples should have reached the estuary areas of the various rivers of the continent before the ancient peoples such as the ancient Yue peoples, so they were the earliest inhabitants of these areas, and they were the most qualified to call and name these rivers. "Jiang Jia

G" is also suspected of being called by the maritime people, and the Austronesian language calls big ships and sea ships "鱇ka".

g", so that the peoples of the sea will be able to sail the rivers of sea ships to become "Tsuka".

g" or "Jiang Jia."

g", and the inlet that can moor ships is "Port Ga."

g "i.e. port," port ga

g" and "鱇ka."

"g" is pronounced the same in Austronesian language.

The maritime peoples should have arrived at the estuaries of the great rivers of Chinese mainland earlier than the farming peoples, and fished and settled in these areas. After the ancient Yue people entered the southeast coastal area of China, they carried out a comprehensive integration with the maritime peoples here, because the early ancient Yue people were still in the stage of matrilineal clan society, and engaged in agriculture, they could provide sufficient food and safe fresh water for the sea peoples, so the problems of the sea peoples in food, marriage and family were relatively perfectly solved. In front of us, there are still a lot of ancient Thai and Vietnamese cultures in the Hokkien and Wu language areas. Such as the place name Shantou SHA

tou and the immortal building xia of the ancient Yue people

Lou Jinyin, in the ancient Yue people, Xianxia

It is the meaning of women and the Virgin, Loulou is us, our meaning, so Xianlou xia

Lou means "the land of our Virgin"; Place name Xiamen xiame

Yamen yame with ancient Vietnamese language

In the ancient Yue language, ya means woman, woman, me

It's the day, so Yamen yame

It is the meaning of the goddess, and Xiamen is the "city of the goddess". These two place names are the remnants of the ancient Yue women's worship culture. Place name Wenzhou we

zhou, in the Old Vietnamese language, we

Generally refers to people, Zhou Zhou and Zhao Zhao are close to each other, in the ancient Yue language, Zhao Zhao is the meaning of the subordinate area, which shows that the people of Wenzhou were relatively equal in the early days of the founding of the city, and there was no obvious social hierarchy. At present, there are still many ancient Yue words in Hokkien and Wu languages, such as the Wu language, which calls the second-person pronoun you Nong

o

g, in the ancient Vietnamese language, the siblings are called nong

o

g, siblings and sisters are Bibi, Binon Bi

o

g means brother or sister, and in ancient times the people who mastered the language were nobles, so being called bi means boss and king, and can be called nong

o

The person of G must have been a member of the aristocracy of eminent stature. Wu language becomes you as nong

o

G is an honorific title for a person. In the Teochew dialect, there is a call for the mother as Mimie; Shui is lem (its pronunciation is close to the pronunciation of Cantonese lin); porridge for em or moi; Gao for Sangsa

g, dwarf for dem, and so on are all ancient Vietnamese words, all of which are witnesses of the direct absorption of Thai and Vietnamese culture by maritime peoples.

The ancient Yue peoples, who lived in western Guangxi and southeastern Yunnan, migrated north across the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and they developed plateau farming and pastoral areas in the Panjiang River basin of present-day Guizhou, which later developed into the Yelang Kingdom (in the ancient Yue people, "Yeye" is "Yue" is the clan name; "Lang la

"g" is bamboo. Legend has it that the founder of Yelang was born of bamboo, so this ancient Yue people worshipped bamboo. Yoro is the meaning of Takegoshi people). In the modern Yelang Kingdom and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the ancient Yue people are called "Buyi people", in the ancient Yue people, "Buyi buyi" is "Buyi Buyi", and Aunt Yi and Yi Yi are the collective names for women. Therefore, Buyi means "women's camp", "women's tribe", and "Yizhai".

The ancient Yue people fused with the ancient gathering, fishing and hunting peoples such as the Yao, Yi and Miao people in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau area to form the Yue people with the Yue culture as the main body of culture, referred to as the Ba people, in the ancient Yue language, "Baba" is "mountain", and the Ba people are the meaning of mountain people.

On the south bank of the Yangtze River, at the confluence of the Yangtze River and the Wujiang River, the Ba people built the ancient city of Chongqing, and the Ba people used this as a bridgehead to enter the Yangtze River, and entered various parts of Sichuan through the tributaries of the Yangtze River such as the Jiangling River, the Fujiang River, and the Tuojiang River, and developed agricultural and pastoral areas and settlements. After the ancient Yue people integrated with other local ethnic groups in Sichuan, they formed a new agricultural and animal husbandry ethnic group, the Shu people, and established the ancient Shu state.

About 30,000 years ago, after the ancient Yue people established themselves in Sichuan, they continued to migrate north, and they crossed the Qinling Mountains into the Qinchuan Basin to develop agricultural and pastoral areas and settle. They continued to develop and settle in agricultural and pastoral areas in northern Shaanxi and the Hetao Plain to the north. Eventually, they continued north into the Mongolian plateau, the Siberian steppes, and finally the North Pole, the icy shores of the Arctic Ocean. Because the Arctic Circle is very small, it was very convenient for the ancients who reached the Arctic to enter the heart of Europe and enter North America through the Bering Strait land bridge, perhaps at that time the Arctic Ocean was still in a dry state, just an endless ice sheet, so it was not a problem for the ancients to reach Europe and the Americas. As a result, the ancient Yue people became the earliest inhabitants of the Arctic Circle in Siberia, Europe, and the Americas.

At this time, another group of ancient Yue people entered the Songpan Plateau and the Hexi Corridor to develop agricultural and pastoral areas and settlements. This ancient Yue people became the ancestors of the Di and Qiang people. At the same time, the ancient Yue people continued to migrate westward through the valleys and grasslands at the northern foot of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Hexi Corridor, entering the present-day Xinjiang region to develop agricultural and pastoral areas, and then entered the Syr Darya and Amu Darya valleys in Central Asia to develop agricultural and pastoral areas.

The ancient Yue people in Central Asia merged with various ethnic groups that had settled here, forming the ancient Altai peoples such as the Hazaras, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Turkmens, Uzbeks, and Kazakhs.

After the ancient Yue people stabilized in Central Asia, they continued to move westward, and in the two river basins of the Middle East, they integrated with various ethnic groups in Central Asia to develop Sumerian agricultural and pastoral areas and urban civilization, thus laying the foundation for the progress of Middle Eastern civilization. At the same time, the ancient Yue people entered the steppes of southern Europe and the Caucasus from the Central Plains to develop agricultural and pastoral areas, and from then on, the European region got rid of the dark barbaric era and moved towards civilization.

The ancient Tai people, the earliest human farmers and herdsmen living in the Lancang River and Mekong River basins of the Indochina Peninsula, also had a westward migration route. The ancient Tai people who advanced westward first established agricultural and pastoral areas and settlements in the Nu River, Salween River, Irrawaddy River and other river basins, and eventually the ancient Tai people in this area developed into various ethnic groups in Myanmar and southwestern Yunnan. They then continued to move westward, developing agricultural and pastoral areas and settlements in the Brahmaputra and Maputra rivers and the middle and lower reaches of the Ganges, and eventually the ancient Thai people in this area developed into the Tamils, Assamese, Nalandas, Nepalese, and Tibetan ethnic groups in China.

Since the south-central part of the subcontinent is the territory of the brown-red race, while the northwest is the territory of the Caucasian race, in order to avoid ethnic and cultural conflicts, the ancient Thai people stopped migrating and spreading civilization. Therefore, we can still see that the south-central part of the subcontinent is now inhabited mainly by dark-skinned peoples, the north-west and the middle and upper reaches of the Ganges River are inhabited by lighter-skinned people, and the northeast and Tibet, China, are mainly inhabited by yellow people. The Austronesian-speaking peoples of Southeast Asia and the South Asian subcontinent who live by the sea are all descendants of the ancient maritime peoples of Southeast Asia, such as Indonesians, Malays, Cambodians and South Vietnamese.

About 20,000 years ago, after the end of the great human migration, the racial and ethnic distribution pattern in Southeast Asia and the South Asian subcontinent has been basically formed. Around 4,300 years ago, when the Aryans invaded (in fact, the Caucasian people returned to their homeland) to the South Asian subcontinent, the invaders did not fundamentally change the racial and ethnic pattern of Southeast Asia and the South Asian subcontinent, but only strengthened their domination and control over the northwest of the South Asian subcontinent.

The Middle East, the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea coast, the Mediterranean coast and other Asian, European and African confluences, this zone is the most complex human race, ethnicity and culture and other composition and form of the region, from the ethnically point of view, the yellow race, the white race, the red race and the black people are fully integrated here, so that the region presents the characteristics of diverse races. Therefore, we can only divide ethnic groups according to the cultural characteristics of regional populations.

According to the study of the linguistics of the region, the ancient languages of the region can be basically divided into the ancient language of Central Asia, that is, the ancient Altaic language, which is a mixture of the Vietnamese and Aryan languages, and the ancient Altaic language is the race and ethnicity of the Middle East, which often has the physiognomy characteristics of the yellow race, such as the ethnic groups of Central Asia immigrating to the Middle East, the Kurds, the ancient Sumers, the Armenians, Azerbaijanis, and Georgians in the Transcaucasia.

The Middle Eastern peoples belonging to the Semitic language family include Jews, Arabs, North Africans, etc., the Semitic language originated in Yemen and other southern coastal areas of the Arabian Peninsula, and is one of the early ancient languages of mankind, in the process of civilization development, the Semitic language is deeply influenced by ancient languages such as Sumerian, ancient Egyptian, ancient Greek, and ancient Roman.

Belong to the Mediterranean ancient language family of the peoples have ancient Egyptians, ancient Greeks, ancient Romans, etc., at present the ancient Mediterranean language in Latin, Greek and other European languages still have a large number of remains, modern southern Europeans are the direct descendants of the Mediterranean ancient language people, history proves that the ancestors of the southern Europeans are the maritime people, so the oldest ancestors of the southern Europeans are the yellow people who migrated to the Mediterranean Sea from Southeast Asia.

The ancient ethnic groups belonging to the ancient Aryan language family include Pakistani ethnic groups, Afghan ethnic groups, Iranian ethnic groups, Iraqi ethnic groups, Syrian ethnic groups and other ancient ethnic groups. At present, the languages of European countries have more or less retained elements of Aryan archaic, which indicates that Aryan was the mother tongue of the Caucasian people in ancient times. In the course of the development of civilization, the Aryan language was deeply influenced by the ancient languages of India, Altai, Sumerian, and Mediterranean.

As races continue to merge and differentiate, the concept and distinction of race has become increasingly blurred, and it has become difficult to distinguish between races with a standard and format. Therefore, in the distinction of ethnic groups, anthropologists should also study the cultural characteristics of ethnic groups, i.e., language, customs, thoughts, and religions. Combining genetics and cultural characteristics will allow for a better distinction between race and ethnicity.

All in all, today's human beings have thrived from a very limited human population. About 45,000 years ago, before human beings migrated from the Southeast Asian continent during the Ice Age to all parts of the world, the vast areas of Eurasia and the American continent were covered with ice and snow all year round, and most parts of the earth were extremely cold and dry, and there were no living conditions for animals and plants. As a result, there were basically no humans in the tropics and subtropics during the Ice Age, except for a small number of humans during the Ice Age. It can be seen that in the early days of the Great Human Migration, the areas where human migrated and the places where immigrants settled were basically no man's land. Racial and ethnic integration, differentiation and conflict all occurred in the later stages of the Great Migration, as population increases and relative reductions in natural resources are the basic causes of human conflict.

Historical facts have proved that modern human beings and their civilizations come from a common root, but this does not mean that from now on, human beings will be of one heart and one mind, live in peace, and treat each other in a friendly manner. If we were to find common ground among human beings, we would find more than we could enumerate. However, if someone wants to find the differences, differences and differences between human beings, and to find reasons for human beings to oppose each other, to hate, to exclude and attack each other, they will certainly be able to find many reasons and many reasons to do evil against humanity.

Nowadays, human beings are no longer those apes who climb trees to steal wild fruits, and human beings have mastered many abilities and means to achieve and destroy the world, so all nations need to be cautious in their words and deeds, and should treat the life and death of the nation as an urgent and important matter, otherwise, the destruction of the country and the extinction of the nest will be just around the corner. At the same time, all nations should show sincerity, find common ground for mankind, and establish a civilization foundation of goodness, love, and win-win coexistence for all mankind, only equality, mutual recognition and respect can lead mankind to the future, narrow-mindedness, prejudice, selfishness, arrogance, arrogance and violence can only lead mankind to extinction!